2019版二轮复习英语通用版讲义第三板块NO2再研考点第二层级第二讲定语从句Word版含解析

1、语法填空常考点1.关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that,as的用法；2.关系副词where,when,why的用法；3.“介词关系代词”指引的定语从句。第二讲定语从句一、明备考方向短文改错常考点写作常用句式1.指引非限制性定语从句该1.Asweallknow./Asisknowntoall.用which而误用其余关系“人尽皆知”词(如that)；2.Assb.putsit.“依据某人所说的”2.关系代词who,whom,3.such.as.“像这样的”whose,which,that的缺失；3.关系代词who,whom4.thesame.as./thesameas.“像一

2、的样的”错用；5.oneofthe复数名词定语从句“4.先行词是人或物时,关系中的一个”代词who,which的错用；6.theonlyoneofthe复数名词定语从句5.关系代词as的错用；“中独一的一个”6.关系副词和关系代词的误7.由which指引的非限制性定语从句。用；.,which.(which代替上文整句话,译为7.人称代词与关系代词的误“这一点”)用。二、攻要点难点(一)who,whom,whose指引定语从句的用法1先行词是人,关系词在定语从句中作主语时,用who/that,关系词不可以省略；关系词在定语从句中作宾语时,用whom/who/that,关系词可以省略。2先行词th

3、ose后常用who指引定语从句。3“介词关系代词”指引的定语从句,假如先行词指人,用whom指代人且不可以以省略。4whose指引定语从句时,作定语,且不可以以省略。Ivebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolwho/whom/thatImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.我与好几位昨年在英语演讲竞赛中遇到的同校同学成了好朋友。IhavemanyfriendstowhomImgoingtosendpostcards.我要寄贺卡给我的好多朋友。Theschoolshop,whosecustome

4、rsaremainlystudents,isclosedfortheholidays.这家主要顾客是学生的校内商店,放假时关闭。点津：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。Tomistheonlyoneoftheengineerswhohascomeupwiththesolution.汤姆是这些工程师中独一一个想出解决方法的人。(二)that,which指引定语从句的用法1that指引定语从句既可指人又可指物,指人时平时可与who,whom互换,指物时平时可与which互换。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语时可省略。2定语从句顶用that不用which的状况

5、：(1)当先行词是all,any,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词或被它们修饰时。当先行词被形容词的最高等或序数词修饰时。(3)当先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修饰时。当先行词既有人又有物时。当定语从句出此刻which或who的特别疑问句中时。(6)有两个定语从句时,此中一个关系代词宜用which,另一个宜用that。当先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词在从句中也作表语时。主句以here,there开头且先行词是指物的名词时。3which指引定语从句先行词为物。(2)which在从句中作主语时不可以省略,作宾语时可省略。4

6、定语从句顶用which而不用that的状况：在非限制性定语从句中,关系代词用which而不用that。关系代词前面有介词时,用which而不用that。先行词为that/those时,用which而不用that。Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseumthat/whichwasconstructedthreeyearsago.她带着这些旅客旅游了那座三年前建筑的博物馆。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.他们在桂林旅游的第一个地方是象鼻山。Whoisthemanthatissitting

7、ontherocksmoking?坐在岩石上抽烟的那个人是谁？Theboywasawayfromhomeforaweek,whichworriedhisparentsverymuch.这个男孩离家一个礼拜了,这使他父亲母亲很担忧。(三)as指引定语从句的用法关系代词as既可以指引限制性定语从句,也可以指引非限制性定语从句,as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。1as指引限制性定语从句经常用于以下句式：such名词as.像这样的，像之类的(1)thesame名词as.和相同的此中关系代词as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。(2).suchas.凡是的人(或事物),全部人(或事物)其意义相当于everyth

8、ingthat,allthose,thosethat(who)中担看作分,定语从句修饰先行词such。等。as指引定语从句并在从句Takesuchasyouneed.你需要什么就拿什么。Youmaychoosesuchasyouprefer.你可优选自己想要的东西。2关系代词as与which指引非限制性定语从句时的差别：as意为“正如,正像”,指引的非限制性定语从句既可在主句前,又可在主句后,有时还可插入主句中；而which意为“这件事,这一点”,指引的非限制性定语从句只好置于主句今后。相同的是二者都可代替整个主句的内容。Suchmachinesasareusedinourworkshopar

9、emadeinChina.像在我们车间使用的这样的机器是中国制造的。Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmakeshisparentsveryhappy.汤姆获得了很大进步,这使他父亲母亲很快乐。“Thereisnosuchthingasafreelunch,”astheoldsayinggoes.正如老话所说的那样：“天下没有免费的午饭。”(四)关系副词when,where,why指引定语从句的用法1when指引定语从句关系副词when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。2where指引定语从句在定语从句中作地点状语。(2)先行词可以是表示详尽地点的名词(如place,ho

10、me,school,village,city等)。先行词也可以是表示抽象意义的名词(如job,life,situation,point,case,stage,activity等)。3why指引定语从句关系副词why指原由,在定语从句中作原由状语,相当于forwhich。Imlookingforwardtothedaywhenmydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingforher.我正期盼那天的到来,那时我女儿可以读这本书,而且认识我对她的感情。Sing!Chinahassetupabigstageforyoungpeoplewithatalentform

11、usic,wheresomehavestoodoutamongthem.中国新歌声为有音乐天赋的年轻人建立了一个大舞台,在这个舞台上一些人从中脱颖而出。Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.他们已经到了必然分手的地步。Doyouknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhedidntattendthemeeting?你知道他没参加会议的原由吗？(五)“介词关系代词”指引定语从句的用法1介词和关系代词的确定若介词放在关系代词从前,关系代词指人经常用whom,指物经常用which。其余,whose也可以放在介

12、词后,即“介词whose名词”结构。一般来说,确立关系代词前的介词,可以从以下三方面下手：先行词的意义；从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；句子的意思。Tradingleathershoesisthebusiness皮鞋买卖是格林一家所致力于的事业。towhichtheGreensaredevoted.(bedevotedto“献身,致力于”,固定搭配)Careofthesoulisagradualprocessinwhicheventhesmalldetailsoflifeshouldbeconsidered.心灵的珍爱是一个渐进的过程,在这一过程中,即即是生活中微小的细节也应该考虑在内

13、。RecentlyIboughtanancientvase,thepriceofwhich(whoseprice)wasveryreasonable.近来我买了一个古代的花瓶,它的价钱很合理。2“of关系代词”指引的定语从句在some,any,few,little,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each等代词或数词的前、后表示整体与部分的关系可以用ofwhich/whom。Hehadalotoffriends,noneofwhomwouldofferhelptohimwhenhewasintrouble.他有好多朋友,但当他遇到麻烦时没有人会给他供给帮助。三、

14、练高频题点.语法填空题点全练1(2018全国卷)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014that/whichshowedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.2(20186月浙江高考)Manywesternerswho/thatcometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeat

15、out.3(2017国卷全)Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,whichisnotgoodforthehealth.4(2017国卷全)ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.5(20176月浙江高考)Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygotsweptintoapileofkitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthega

16、rden,whereitremaineduntilthecarrotsleafytopaccidentallysprouted(生长)throughit.6(2016全国卷)ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,whenIwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.7Lilymightpossiblycome,inwhichcaseIllaskhe

17、r.8Whenharvestcamearound,hewasalreadysellingherbs,vegetablesandcottoninthemarketwherepeoplefromthetownsmetregularly.9Manyyoungpeople,mostofwhomwerewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.10Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.短文改错题点全练1(2018国卷全)Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichthey

18、raisedfish.Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellingthefish.whichwhere或which前加in2(2017全国卷)Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,thatisontherooftopoftheirhouse.thatwhich3(2017全国卷)Aroundmeinthepicturearethethingstheywereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime:carmagazin

19、esandmusicalinstruments.theythat/which4Helivedinabighouse,infrontofthatstoodabigtalltree.thatwhich5Ihaveneverperformedsuchataskthatyouveaskedmetodo.thatas6Thenumberofsmokers,whichisreported,hasdroppedby17%injustyear.whichasone7Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriends,whoweenjoyedasplendidviewofthelak

20、e.whowhere8Also,Ithinkitshelpfultoputupsomeboardsalongthetouristattractionsthattouristscanleavemessages.thatwhere课堂应用体验.完成句子并改写1第二,你会交到一些好朋友,他们也很喜爱打乒乓球。Secondly,youllmakesomegoodfriendsandthey_are_also_interested_in_playing_table_tennis.Secondly,youllmakesomegoodfriendsthat/who_are_also_interested_i

21、n_playing_table_tennis.(用定语从句改写)2他是个教授,那是我向来期望的职业。Heisaprofessor,andIhavebeenlookingforwardtobecoming_a_professor.Heisaprofessor,which_I_have_been_looking_forward_to_becoming.(用定语从句改写)3这幅照片为我们展现了一个动人的时刻,在这一刻,一个小女孩来问候正在工作中的妈妈。Thepictureshowsusatouchingmomentwhen_a_little_girl_comes_to_greet_her_worki

22、ng_mom.Thepictureshowsusatouchingmomentat_which_a_little_girl_comes_to_greet_her_working_mom.(用“介词关系代词”改写)4人们也可以选择在一个团队中工作,在团队中他们可以向相互学习。Peoplemayalsochoosetoworkinateam,where_they_can_learn_from_each_other.Peoplemayalsochoosetoworkinateam,in_which_they_can_learn_from_each_other.(用“介词关系代词”改写)5与动物照相对

23、它们有坏的影响,这类行为打搅它们的安息。Takingpictureswithanimalshasabadeffectontheanimals.It_greatly_disturbs_their_rest.Takingpictureswithanimalshasabadeffectontheanimals,which_greatly_disturbs_their_rest.(用定语从句改写).语法填空Davidis_1_(extreme)worriedabouthisson,_2_oftenbehaveslikeacoward.Sohe_3_(pay)avisittothemasterandas

24、kedhimtotrainhisson.Themastersaid,“IpromiseIllbeabletotrainyourchildintoarealmaninsixmonths.”Sixmonthslater,hisfathercame_4_(pick)thechild.Themasterarrangedamatch_5_thechildandhiscoachtoshowthesix-monthtrainingresult.AtRoundOne,thechild_6_(knock)downandfelltotheground.Hestooduptomeetthechallenge.But

25、hewasknockeddownagain,andonceagainhestooduptofight.thiswasrepeatedseventimes.Themasteraskedhisfather,“Doyouthinkyourchilds_7_(perform)isthatofaman？”Thefathersaid,“Ifeel_8_(shame)forhim!Ineverexpectedthathewouldbesoweakaftersixmonths_9_(train)”Themastersaid,“Idontagreewithyou,andIregretthatyouonlysee

26、thesurfaceofthings.Youhavenotseenthecourageandperseverance_10_yourson.Thisistheveryspiritofaman！”语篇解读：本文是一篇记述文。一个传神英勇的人应该是什么样的呢？从不失败,战无不胜才是英勇的人吗？其实有时可以从一次次的失败中站起来的人也是传神的猛士。1extremely观察副词。此处修饰形容词“worried”应用extreme的副词形式。故填extremely。2who观察定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空格处指引非限制性定语从句,先行词为“hisson”,指人,在从句中作主语,故应用who指引该从句。

27、故填who。3paid观察动词时态。依据空格后的并列谓语“asked”可知,此处陈说过去发生的事,应用一般过去时。故填paid。4topick观察非谓语动词。依据语境可知,此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填topick。5between观察介词。依据下文中的“and”可知,此处应指大师安排了孩子和教练之间的竞赛。between.and.意为“与之间”。故填between。6wasknocked观察动词时态和语态。空格处与下文的“felltotheground”为并列谓语,应用一般过去时；又由于knock与主语“thechild”之间是被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动式。故填wasknocked。7performance观察名词。依据空格前“childs”可知,此处应用perform的名词形式。故填形式performance。8ashamed观察形容词。依据空格前的系动词“feel”可知,今后应用s