大学英语四级真题阅读部分(新)

1、第 第 页大学英语四级真题阅读部分(新) 英语四级、六级考试练习 2022年6月高校英语四级真题阅读部分 Passage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. Communications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth. The first study to compare honesty across a range of communication media has fund that people a

2、re twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. The fact that emails are automatically recordedand can come back to haunt (困扰) youappears to be the key to the finding. Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, asked 30 students to keep a communications dia

3、ry for a week. In it they noted the number of conversations or email e*changes they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told. Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium. He found that lies made up 14 per cent of emails, 21 per cent o

4、f instant messages, 27 per cent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 per cent of phone calls. His results to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists. Some e*pected emailers to be the biggest liars, reasonin

5、g that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment (非径直接触) of emailing would make it easier to lie. Others e*pected people to lie more in face-to-face e*changes because we are most practised at that form of communication. But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is

6、 being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone. People are also more likely to lie in real timei

7、n a instant message or phone call, saythan if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock. He found many lies are spontaneous (脱口而出的) responses to an une*pected demand, such as: Do you like my dress? Hancock hopes his research will help companies work our the best ways for their employees to

8、 communicate. For instance, the phone might be the best medium foe sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. But, given his result, work assessment where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email. 57. Hancocks study focuses on _. A) the consequences of lying in various c

9、ommunications media B) the success of communications technologies in conveying ideas C) people are less likely to lie in instant messages D) peoples honesty levels across a range of communications media 58. Hancocks research finding surprised those who believed that _. A) people are less likely to l

10、ie in instant messages B) people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions C) people are most likely to lie in email communication D) people are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations 59. According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of co

11、mmunication? 英语四级、六级考试练习 A) They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies. B) They believe that honesty is the best policy. C) They tend to be rela*ed when using those media. D) They are most practised at those forms of communication. 60. According to Hancock the telephone is a preferable m

12、edium for promoting sales because _. A) salesmen can talk directly to their customers B) salesmen may feel less restrained to e*aggerate C) salesmen can impress customers as being trustworthy D) salesmen may pass on instant messages effectively 61. It can be inferred from the passage that _. A) hone

13、sty should be encouraged in interpersonal communications B) more employers will use emails to communicate with their employees C) suitable media should be chosen for different communication purposes D) email is now the dominant medium of communication within a company Passage Two Questions 62 to 66

14、are based on the following passage. In a country that defines itself by ideals, not by shared blood, who should be allowed to come work and live here? In the wake of the Sept. 11 attacks these questions have never seemed more pressing. On Dec. 11, 2022, as part of the effort to increase homeland sec

15、urity, federal and local authorities in 14 states staged Operation Safe Travelraids on airports to arrest employees with false identification (身份证明). In Salt Lake City there were 69 arrests. But those captured were anything but terrorists, most of them illegal immigrants from Central or South Americ

16、a. Authorities said the undocumented workers illegal status made them open to blackmail (讹诈) by terrorists. Many immigrants in Salt Lake City were angered by the arrests and said they felt as if they were being treated like disposable goods. Mayor Anderson said those feelings were justified to a cer

17、tain e*tent. Were saying we want you to work in these places, were going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are, and then when its convenient for us, or when we can try to make a point in terms of national security, especially after Sept. 11, then youre disposable. There are whole famil

18、ies being uprooted for all of the wrong reasons, Anderson said. If Sept. 11 had never happened, the airport workers would not have been arrested and could have gone on quietly living in America, probably indefinitely. Ana Castro, a manager at a Ben Jerrys ice cream shop at the airport had been worki

19、ng 10 years with the same false Social Security card when she was arrested in the December airport raid. Now she and her family are living under the threat of deportation (驱赶出境). Castros case is currently waiting to be settled. While she awaits the outcome, the government has granted her permission

20、to work here and she has returned to her job at Ben Jerrys. 62. According to the author, the United States claims to be a nation _. A) composed of people having different values B) encouraging individual pursuits C) sharing common interests 英语四级、六级考试练习 D) founded on shared ideals 63. How did the imm

21、igrants in Salt Lake City feel about Operation Safe Travel? A) Guilty. B) Offended. C) Disappointed. D) Discouraged. 64. Undocumented workers became the target of Operation Safe Travel because _. A) evidence was found that they were potential terrorists B) most of them worked at airports under threa

22、t of terrorists C) terrorists might take advantage of their illegal status D) they were reportedly helping hide terrorists around the airport 65. By saying . were going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are (Line 2, Para. 4), Mayor Anderson means _. A) we will turn a blind eye to your

23、illegal status B) we will e*amine the laws in a different way C) there are other ways of enforcing the law D) the e*isting laws must not be ignored 66. What do we learn about Ana Castro from the last paragraph? A) She will be deported sooner or later. B) She is allowed to stay permanently. C) Her ca

24、se has been dropped. D) Her fate remains uncertain 2022年12月高校英语四级真题阅读部分 Passage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. Reaching new peaks of popularity in North America is Iceberg Water, which is harvested from icebergs off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada. Arthur von Wiesenberg

25、er, who carries the title Water Master, is one of the few water critics in North America. As a boy, he spent time in the larger cities of Italy, France and Switzerland, where bottled water is consumed daily. Even then, he kept a water journal, noting the brands he liked best. My dog could tell the d

26、ifference between bottled and tap water, He says. But is plain tap water all that bad? Not at all. In fact, New Yorks municipal water for more than a century was called the champagne of tap water and until recently considered among the best in the world in terms of both taste and purity. Similarly,

27、a magazine in England found that tap water from the Thames River tasted better than several leading brands of bottled water that were 400 times more e*pensive. Nevertheless, soft-drink companies view bottled water as the ne*t battle-ground for market sharethis despite the fact that over 25 percent o

28、f bottled water comes from tap water: PepsiCos Aquafina and Coca-Colas Dasani are both purified tap water rather than spring water. As diners thirst for leading brands, bottlers and restaurateurs salivate (垂涎) over the profits. A restaurants typical mark-up on wine is 100 to 150 percent, whereas on

29、bottled water its often 300 to 500 percent. But since water is much cheaper than wine, and many of the fancier brands arent available in stores, most diners dont notice or care. 英语四级、六级考试练习 As a result, some restaurants are turning up the pressure to sell bottled water. According to an article in Th

30、e Street Journal, some of the more shameless tactics include placing attractive bottles on the table for a visual sell, listing brands on the menu without prices, and pouring bottled water without even asking the diners if they want it. Regardless of how its sold, the popularity of bottled water tap

31、s into our desire for better health, our wish to appear cultivated, and even a longing for lost purity. 留意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 57. What do we know about Iceberg Water from the passage? A) It is a kind of iced water. B) It is just plain tap water. C) It is a kind of bottled water. D) It is a kind of mine

32、ral water. 58. By saying My dog could tell the difference between bottled and tap water (Line 4 Para. 2), von Wiesenberger wants to convey the message that _. A) plain tap water is certainly unfit for drinking B) bottled water is clearly superior to tap water C) bottled water often appeals more to d

33、ogs taste D) dogs can usually detect a fine difference in taste 59. The fancier brands (Line 3 Para. 5) refers to _. A) tap water from the Thames River B) famous wines not sold in ordinary stores C) PepsiCos Aquafina and Coca-Colas Dasani D) e*pensive bottled water with impressive names 60. Why are

34、some restaurants turning up the pressure to sell bottled water? A) Bottled water brings in huge profits. B) Competition from the wine industry is intense. C) Most diners find bottled water affordable. D) Bottled water satisfied diners desire to fashionable. 61. According to passage, why is bottled w

35、ater so popular? A) It is much cheaper than wine. B) It is considered healthier. C) It appeals to more cultivated people. D) It is more widely promoted in the market. Passage Two As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing diseaseespe

36、cially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to e*ercise. The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very nutritious (有营养的) foods, who feels OK but e

37、*ercises only occasionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired. This person is not ill. He may not even be

38、 at risk for any particular disease. But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier. The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely not ill 英语四级、六级考试练习 and someone who is in e*cellent health and pays attention to the bodys special needs. Both ty

39、pes have simply been called well. In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms well and wellness only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health. People who are well are concerned with nutrition and e*ercise, and they make a point of mo

40、nitoring their bodys condition. Most important, perhaps, people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health. Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be well, in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they c

41、an in the face of their physical limitations. Wellness may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can strive for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes. And by focusing attention on

42、healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life. 62. Today medical care is placing more stress on _. A) keeping people in a healthy physical condition B) monitoring patients body functions C) removing peoples

43、bad living habits D) ensuring peoples psychological well-being 63. In the first paragraph, people are reminded that _. A) good health is more than not being ill B) drinking, even if not to e*cess, could be harmful C) regular health checks are essential to keeping fit D) prevention is more difficult

44、than cure 64. Traditionally, a person is considered well if he _. A) does not have any unhealthy living habits B) does not have any physical handicaps C) is able to handle his daily routines D) is free from any kind of disease 65. According to the author, the true meaning of wellness is for people _

45、. A) to best satisfy their bodys special needs B) to strive to maintain the best possible health C) to meet the strictest standards of bodily health D) to keep a proper balance between work and leisure 66. According to what the author advocates, which of the following groups of people would be consi

46、dered healthy? A) People who have strong muscles as well as slim figures. B) People who are not presently e*periencing any symptoms of disease. C) People who try to be as possible, regardless of their limitations. D) People who can recover from illness even without seeking medical care. 英语四级、六级考试练习

47、2022年6月高校英语四级真题阅读部分 Passage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. Ive been writing for most of my life. The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinction and one practice that has helped my writing processes tremendously. The distinction is between the creative

48、mind and the critical mind. While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so. Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing that most of us encounter. If you are listening

49、to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting (稍纵即逝的) thought, the thought will die. If you capture the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand. You must learn to create first and then critici

50、ze if you want to make writing the tool for thinking that it is. The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls free writing. In free writing, the objective is to get words down on paper non-stop, usually for 15-20 minutes. No stopping,

51、 no going back, no criticizing. The goal is to get the words flowing. As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen. Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind that youve persuade

52、d to sit on the side and watch quietly. Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near. Instead of staring at a blank start filling it with words no matter how bad. Halfway through you ava

53、ilable time, stop and rework your raw writing into something closer to finished product. Move back and forth until you run out of time and the final result will most likely be far better than your current practices. 57. When the author says the creative mind and the critical mind cannot work in para

54、llel (Line 4, Para. 1) in the writing process, he means _. A) no one can be both creative and critical B) they cannot be regarded as equally important C) they are in constant conflict with each other D) one cannot use them at the same time 58. What prevents people from writing on is _. A) putting th

55、eir ideas in raw form B) attempting to edit as they write C) ignoring grammatical soundness D) trying to capture fleeting thoughts 59. What is the chief objective of the first stage of writing? A) To organize ones thoughts logically. B) To choose an appropriate topic. C) To get ones ideas down. D) T

56、o collect raw materials. 60. One common concern of writers about free writing is that _. 英语四级、六级考试练习 A) it overstresses the role of the creative mind B) it takes too much time to edit afterwards C) it may bring about too much criticism D) it does not help them to think clearly 61. In what way does t

57、he critical mind help the writer in the writing process? A) It refines his writing into better shape. B) It helps him to come up with new ideas. C) It saves the writing time available to him. D) It allows him to sit on the side and observe. Passage Two I dont ever want to talk about being a woman sc

58、ientist again. There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what its like to work in a field dominated by men. I was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never found them interesting. What I do find interesting is the origin of the universe, the

59、 shape of space-time and the nature of black holes. At 19, when I began studying astrophysics, it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom. But while earning my Ph.D. at MIT and then as a post-doctor doing space research, the issue started to bother me. My every achieveme

60、ntjobs, research papers, awardswas viewed through the lens of gender (性别) politics. So were my failures. Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus (相对于) right brain, or nature versus nurture (培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind. Then one day