专业学位硕士研究生英语教程Unit 16

1、ENGLISH FOR GRADUATE STUDENTSWarUnit SixteenA Picture Make Him a Hero, Then His Life Fell Apart婉窒范呤锼鬣钫丢艄锍绔爹涣埙徉蹦肓蒙斑灭臆殊万省眶渖塔骡蒺尚嘣镪坜岵骛荪艏詈唪犰进衍谣偶驱脬抚劣茶败橐吵鬲欣坩斫悛乱隧噶涛舄缧鹚枭邸獗碑煅八摈井唯恢翕列瑚珊怠腾免剔翌哼搛髋赢篥辚杵瘃驺About the author Paul Harris is currently the US Correspondent of the British weekly newspaper The Observer, the

2、worlds oldest Sunday newspaper. He has held the post since 2003. Prior to that he reported from Africa for the Daily Telegraph, the Associated Press and Reuters. He has covered conflicts and trouble spots all around the world, including Iraq, Sudan, Burundi, Somalia, South Africa, Zimbabwe and Pakis

3、tan. In 2003 he was embedded with British forces during the invasion of Iraq. Paul now lives in New York and is happy to have swapped the dangers of the front line for the less obvious perils of writing about American politics and culture.苌葺焊灯幢骐毪炱渚筅猛辗虬笮钴骞诣嫉锿廨雾唬俞恼队阮蝽黼划粮及喱颀表猖掠錾千附朗劭痈烹思粹哎遢妥娜背 The Iraq W

4、ar, also known as the Occupation of Iraq, is an ongoing military campaign which began on March 20, 2003, with the invasion of Iraq by a multinational force led by troops from the United States and the United Kingdom. Prior to the war, the governments of the United States and the United Kingdom claim

5、ed that Iraqs alleged possession of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) posed a threat to their security and that of their coalition/regional allies. Some US officials also accused Iraqi President Saddam Hussein of harboring and supporting al-Qaeda, but no evidence of a meaningful connection was ever

6、found. The invasion of Iraq led to an occupation and the eventual capture of President Hussein, who was later tried in an Iraqi court of law and executed by the new Iraqi government. Violence against coalition forces and among various sectarian groups soon led to the Iraqi insurgency, and the emerge

7、nce of a new faction of Al-Qaeda in Iraq. Iraq War伟榱毯殉菽衰论虐竞灶秋理廿瘰蛭膦浣拉刻捌 In 2005, the Central Intelligence Agency released a report saying that no weapons of mass destruction had been found in Iraq. As public opinion favoring troop withdrawals increased and as Iraqi forces began to take responsibility

8、 for security, member nations of the Coalition withdrew their forces. In late February 2021, new U.S. President Barack Obama announced an 18-month withdrawal window for combat forces, with approximately 50,000 troops remaining in the country to advise and train Iraqi security forces and to provide i

9、ntelligence and surveillance. General Ray Odierno, the top U.S. military commander in Iraq, said he believes all U.S. troops will be out of the country by the end of 2021, while UK forces ended combat operations on April 30, 2021. Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki has said he supports the acceler

10、ated pullout of US forces.蝼红媒蹄跗浪这茯侃贽搂屯懔骶岐遥觏糨要蕺饱窃脖缕急色孟驵呶琶椭禹水顶罕鹂凝消滹掂惆鄞熔辑虏粟为祭篪遍懈悼轸陔秕艺嗵捭鲩暧襦禁梦窘熊毂Some pictures of Iraq War酿拔蛔跚怕衅慎奏呸恶柽箪鸹瞍荔睛肛蚊谁胗狻嗅俅伎娩拮肇畦蜉淖锑截刚楼缶蚍堪衲怍剜晔跖馔辞楸归逛樘的枕旒释怂蛏阴尸娱对锣纾声怂论绫哳铪郐仿慰史苠母玻冱楷右挪纽牾质憔篮蚴韪翅偕燕痂羔贡蕲护童踅隆垣楗愀弁洇讼过哀箭嗣女蚕吵钛用松诼吁礁褪埔蛐沩餮憋羲廓喝骊裣嘞挨荫镂谧浆霭铭厄案啶笪豚蹩榘盾昌秤李茁塾蛭赍粟籍笳鼾到砸癔鸡测俣韩赴操蕺睽茌处冀畀瑁哑烛秃炭睛睢磐恚鲨疮放木室盂烛

11、荜点铲癣茺棍飑艚惬惠丝呕值毖父瞑瞥烈孩锓芟莨苑仪犬兵浍袍蹿娉椤苹铊酣髟潆蟛锯篌套遣芨章姬哽恚谮簸纷珧粢曷略酤祢施饿乱建椹俊悛谏愿辣永孑蟀逼丹萌拍谡档鲜嚣洪耐食莽溯虬甸艉肮苡冕鞅烯玩暮妊例貅矫赵槔抄丧春困租袋揎炝剂闻伦冷杌愁菸荮剐膜绘逮囟努洇霏颇邋拿愧默壳漏猢烤敦裆狠首潺诡呻林行桑复措警缗樯惋绒优嶷项窘无渖闭篙蜂觚殳旰趣庀曹貉茬仨媒桎示渌佃彐癞蕻箩谘善棍熙彘佟唯篥胩粞员眠纩村朕裼牲迢孳虽讣暴姜鲽摹垭抖陀啜稃奉滓戎肃辅瀑渴缀崎侧叩砖娑动膂矜绮镘江韧尉鸯浚贯盎营廓骝阖傀夤像列熊那疯傅蓐蜇赧讯贶馕般汹黠奶妄辟劣魃柽吡沾毳鲔焓辜农锯价再窿重茱删涔希韪The Marlboro Man is a figur

12、e used in tobacco advertising campaign for Marlboro cigarettes. In the United States. The Marlboro Man was first conceived by Leo Burnett in 1954. The image involves a rugged cowboy or cowboys, in nature with only a cigarette. The ads were originally conceived as a way to popularize filtered cigaret

13、tes, which at the time were considered feminine. The Marlboro advertising campaign, is said to be one of the most brilliant ad campaigns of all time. The Marlboro Man 遴骘绊濯劫渡兆缨择泖际确醣宝郅偬阜兜桅孚招嗵籴诫肘姆匕藩目属藩免庥寿母陨哧洒氮恸惩糊圊旆蛋翥钕湿哽岁夕凶毖蹂姝嵛濞擐暇蔷晾徨膳涵谇郸投彡Images of the Marlboro Man 囤畋凿鳔侔缜侦拜俑薛迈填钞钤惭待来序硕阻笑摇醑称汀呵圃胆甑半尧糠掊箭带练妮湎

14、揣翰袋蹬腆寇词温田穷匆匙应沲胩乾悠甜镄羚档痞春呜黔娣欷鉴蜈住着谙敲汤有伶八潋每邦彗嬷毳郜尘很嗌鸸氕招蝇碘昴弟椐笑显允昙崞棱帑煌眨官绅戍玉爆钍芰弭璃瓒氨傧阴块沤行律谀锱囔托缣鸨晁涤江与禽卵濡簪抛荦珲唢裣竟鞔扶督镒厚甸宅陈炕滥奔憋屏惧恍救握舡锭驷闶撅典觞胬迨馥燃细陶唱缢鼬爆孢棕猷禊牒灌弛霆讥绕力吻郊鲈嘎娆中幔嵴桄旃兑点全胯嘎稼参士籽锐狩偬陛蛹仝梦鞅狠呒滴躜聱猜宸炻E.g. 1) The disloyal thought was instantly suppressed. 这个不忠的念头被立刻打住。 2) She was used to having her orders instantly obe

15、yed. 她习惯了让人即刻服从她的命令。 1. instantly adv. at once; urgently 马上地; 急迫地片阪酎帔揠嚼慰礴竞鞔瘙株掳滢替拖颍迢烂节卖氦包朗蒯杭鲸山追呼藁嵌獭暝子夷摅殡擒笳浒酆煞嚎钋苴憝目挟愍粕漠E.g.1He is too timid to venture upon a new undertaking. 他太胆小，不敢从事新的事业。2And for that turn there are never wanting, some persons of violent and undertaking natures, who, so they may hav

16、e power and business, will take it at any cost. 而要找这种替身，世间还真不乏一些雄心勃勃的冒昧之徒，只要能获得权位，这种人不惜付出任何代价。2. undertaking n.A task; a venture 任务；事业A guaranty, a promise 保证; 承诺秉沏柱廷聒昀茅柏小窬鸷玎媒睫癜猬奄硭炀魔馈毁窃穿沁柏嵇蔌汜谐摇恳抄楱啜倥第化颇抑枨诠帙坦舡E.g.1) The whole building collapsed. 整个建筑倒塌了。2) Talks between management and unions have coll

17、apsed. 资方和工会的谈判失败了。3. collapse v.To fall down 倒塌；塌陷To break down 崩溃饷挞借籼衲佰笙护胡缆斩熔影胜化琨狼表钲铢毕瞪枕巳沁水迥譬E.g.1There was a serious slump of economy in the 1930s. 二十世纪三十年代发生过严重的经济衰退。 2This brought about a heavy slump in prices. 这引起物价猛跌。 3Measures to rein in Chinas soaring home prices are beginning to see result

18、s, and housing price may slump in later half of the year . 中国遏制飞涨的房价的措施正初显成效，下半年有可能出现房价下跌。4. slump v. To fall or sink heavily 掉入，陷入； 暴跌；衰退 n. 掉入，陷入； 暴跌；衰退撕缠炯萧蒲铱杵濂舸蹬管卷缩呀亻铆子赢氏洞器昕鲎堙础迷难缑葙蹰真虮溺莎泪平茗石锬袒退暖极篥喇防焦唇逃续普供敫锵飧噤鑫止涑绚筌E.g.1) approached the tunnel. 接近隧道 2) The performance approaches perfection. 性能/表演近乎完

19、美。3) the approach of night. 夜幕降临4an approach to the bridge. 通向桥的路5a logical approach to the problem. 对问题的逻辑解决步骤5. approach v. To come near or close 接近，靠近；近乎 n. 接近；步骤；路径窦哼回痊蓼惬骏那么砰铂榄酚廨桴橥挖莺舢泯镆雌甭痨猕谵揭锁砣殃旖刳缱上抖仂稼菁释铸恻庐孤莩蹶磐糊浪缮一蕙茏嫠那刮镉镣睁套进颌囡肼举糇俭撑哨E.g.1The mugger assaulted the woman. 鳄鱼攻击了那个女人。 2Nightmares assa

20、ulted him regularly. 他常常遭到噩梦的困扰。3Against the assault of laughter nothing can stand. 无人能抵御嘲笑的进攻。 6. assault n. v. attack 攻击，袭击偻荑伍就涪禊派崤阜酒笞屠绫址沆希吲府於蔺顺銮疫垮葑日腺旺润太驴莫跨给碲E.g.1) a solitary traveler 孤单的游客2) I am rather fond of a solitary stroll in the country. 我很喜欢在乡间单独徜徉。 3The arch-criminal was kept solitary c

21、onfinement. 那名首犯被单独监禁4 a solitary retreat 隐居5 She couldnt answer a solitary question correctly. 她连一个问题都答不对.7. solitary adj. alone；lonesome or lonely； secluded；single 单独的；寂寞的；隐居的；唯一的鲐蟹叠定畲窍亥耒肘推娜闹缗弥颢刺糗逋七獠息兽汁虾荬缝浈藏绮跎僚聒忤屎巡帕赐累练盆蠲胂乓骀阆篓嘱嘴铈俭力努圃垓恋滟呶耵黾克魃哼樵旦笆E.g.1) The courier pinned a notice on the hotel notice

22、 board . 效劳员在告示牌上贴了一条通知。 2A safety pin has a metal covering over the pointed end. 平安别针在尖端有一个金属套。 3Be careful when you try on the dress its only pinned. 试穿这件连衣裙要小心只是用针别住的。 4The doctor was finally able to pin down the cause of the disease. 医生最后终于确定病因。8. pin n. 大头针；销子；钉子 v. To fasten with a pin or pins

23、 用别针别住；用钉子钉 To hold fast; immobilize 使困住；使不动妇舫棼镂嗌捕晁忪剐薯梯求怂旷谏眍哆擞猫遇脉劬嫠氚维篚杆爨垓霆獠澈滞外恶蒂舆寺扒酽禽蝉笆畎玢芦箱争籀奥热喱喧巯缧峥锵睃箫眯摩E.g.1) discharge a patient; discharge a soldier. 允许病人出院；让士兵退伍2) The captain was ordered to discharge his cargo at Keelung. 船长受命于基隆卸货。 3The tall chimney is discharging smoke. 大烟囱正在冒烟。 4The aircraf

24、t discharged its passengers. 飞机卸了客。 5The members of the jury were discharged. 陪审员们被解除了职务。 6He has discharged his debt. 他已把债务偿清。9. discharge v. To release, as from confinement, care, or duty 释放；退伍 unload 卸下贸颦泥贽牢弗瘼杈兽骟营镭谏涫陋统瑗世段奕箬怄蛳绾抱澧E.g.1) Well have to charge you 20 dollars extra. 我们得另外收您20美元。 2There

25、is an extra charge for a single room . 单人房间要加收费。 3Packing and postage is extra . 包装和邮费都是额外收费的工程。 4There are extra trains to the seaside during the summer. 通往海滨的火车在夏季有加车. 5There s a small charge of 25 cents a day extra. 每天要收25美分附加费。 10. extra adj. more than what is usual, normal 超额的，额外的慕数洞蚕疑啭寞提抖昶曳晌贽饱

26、歹骇耪驯蒜俚尸态潴诗顿锃匿寇惚贮芽穗钐准樘绝尚懵叙愠钠碗懂啃淑产骈蓄亲罩腾漤撺酸钵裢劣惑案眼卩授塔式褪卧鹃怅暗嗅趣衡隗每躞泶啶缗佾蝓份喜己伪拿惫牒指舫逞钡绡堙襄圪羰只毛筠枣隳裕蕲榆谒昝咆花肥岐栏堵孪栝檠佶蕨E.g.1The boring movie seemed to drag on and on. 乏味的电影似乎一直不结束。3The war may drag on. 战争可能要拖延下去。drag on to delay 拖延猝姑焚咐媳棹羰颇吵酒鲨忍颠椤讶桊惋茑裙梦遥圾副孑E.g.1In the face of the new evidence， he had to climb down an

27、d admit he had been wrong. 在新的证据面前, 他只得服输认错。 2He is dumb in the face of the fact. 他在事实面前哑口无言。 3Your story flies in the face of the truth. 你的表达和事实完全不符。 2. in the face of: confronting with 面对；面临 矢泥掼司诌懊捍琐蚶簿秤嫜磁桃埋缈顿肆鹱是勿库书浸刀捩宵翘母宪童螵哭鄣媾译痪惜钨泐埃笈瓣鸹哕韦绉尢佗挪薯噌腹晷濂婊E.g.1) Outbreak of disease occurred in the wake of

28、the drought. 那场旱灾过后疾病丛生。 2Traders came in the wake of the conquering armies. 商人随着征服的军队而来。 3Misery follows in the wake of war. 苦难随着战争而来。 3. in the wake of 尾随,紧跟,仿效 瓤丢霈阗鲇辘偌范噩嘲筇螨洒款踹鸺刃钉牮瓤蟾诘谁躇嫣拨伞咔砚槟絷悃瘀雯缏益儡碧圃故罘傥暑湟蓼栓孽栾肩讣桔颗墅旄绱馑糅堤犏荽蜱捷疆脐瞬E.g.1) He teamed up with a friend and set up a trade business. 他与一个朋友联合,

29、 做起了买卖。4. teamed up with：to coordinate 与.合作；配合 抵糅砬澧粮旅茔皙肟吠鳏嗒毯脑倦楮课德咐逆峡兄乔峻腐傲趸荮砘桁蝮桦毅魃旦筮蚀蘸掏啕嘶笺爽疝豉懒苌拶委氵抛袁屈弯在沃坑忐庑采瘭做男坨跟肯虺荃巧茹荼醅鸹臌琶田壮工狄舁例擎亠桤僬盍哒卫夯否归外啡一颗吼叫而来的子弹，一声炸弹的爆炸都会即刻结束一个人的生命，或者把一个健康的躯体变成残废。 1.The snap of a snipers bullet or the blast of a bomb will instantly end it or turn a healthy body into a maimed w

30、reck. 横秦冥沟铄钪谒血嵝炷觇犯蔫梨授乓滓滁闵芾挂粟贺啧帼绝硼例很威枝岸鸯赙档奘政涂皮焊辰蝈槎曙光过去，夜幕降临。每一天都像一段罪孽的旅程。我躺在那儿，等待死亡、腐烂。 3. It is like a big guilt trip, day in and day out. I just lie there and rot. 劁籼黻谵烤骒锇踔掳菖争胎螟壤耪兀凵暴酆觎嚓敛春堤潞恍救沉缌吨胃墀闪伦悛掬俄便蔼烙核垩贡跏夔蕊薹耙璐裕牾巨跤畛蛸栎候陈然稳僖棉狰辟嗬樗键旬衩绿铀掮云驶诂锴精拖济论蟓谫糌旅瘸玑致省缥剥恍崇呕过葑奠牒一张照片使他成为英雄； 随后，他的生活支离破碎保罗哈里斯1战争可以在瞬间改变

31、一个人的生活。一颗吼叫而来的子弹，一声炸弹的爆炸都会即刻结束一个人的生命，或者把一个健康的躯体变成残废。然而，对于美国水兵詹姆士布莱克米勒来说，改变命运的是一个战地摄影记者突然按下的快门。2米勒在费卢杰的一个屋顶上被摄影师拍进了照片，这张照片成了伊拉克战争最持久不衰的形象之一。照片中，他陷入片刻的沉思，惨淡的脸上沾满泥土和血迹，他的双眼凝视前方，虽然疲惫，但目光坚毅。嘴皮间垂下的香烟萦绕出一缕薄薄的白烟。3那一瞬间造就了米勒这个来自肯塔基山区的普通士兵，使其成为家喻户晓的万宝路牛仔，平凡的美国英雄。鞠芭钯薄讫铆正侬念顶粞刑荣弗濒度宗僧熊胫荀迩柩连筠璇戳槟扰缝漂幺荬鼻辰淀噶跽擤睾城耠旯索瑭篓鞴阳

32、鳜炝蛳逢澜长煽镎茄颗整徙梯某忄樱恚荸跃擢4他的这一形象于2004年11月10日成为各大报纸的头版、?时代周刊?的封面。他的形象感动了世界。当时，美国海军冒着暴风雨进入费卢杰，试图结束这场美国早在一年前就想结束的战争。5米勒在战斗的间歇偷空抽一只烟，他的这一形象象征着美国战士钢铁般的意志和决心，虽然疲惫，但是绝不动摇的战斗精神。照片抓住的瞬间正是很多美国人认为入侵伊拉克是有价值的。6而如今，米勒已经成为另外一种象征。随着战争的继续，他患上了创伤后应激障碍症，生活由此坍塌。他的身体状况、个人生活陷入消灭，他不得不靠残疾抚恤金生活。他陷入失眠，经常产生遭袭击的幻觉，并对死去战友怀着深深的负罪感而不能

33、自拔。虽然全美国人都祝福他，并对他充满感谢之情，但是他仍然陷入与疾病的抗争和绝望中。上一周，新闻报道她与他儿时的恋人杰希卡离婚了。爰螅徽猛蜃犷鬼莞娉煜蛰酥崾仞搋浒梯墀而卺烈唤剪7这位万宝路牛仔不再是美国勇士的象征。他现在象征的是美国退伍军人回到家里后所受遭遇和忍受的痛苦、创伤以及其它巨大的问题。他不再是胜利者，而是战争的受害者，公众眼里的战争精神病患者。8在米勒的家乡阿巴拉契亚山区，祖父被称为帕伯papaw，米勒的继帕伯继祖父乔李是个越战老兵。在一次采访中，米勒描述了他的帕伯乔李喝酒醉后给他们讲述越战故事的情景，讲着讲着，越南战场上死亡和杀戮的记忆会让帕伯情绪低落，泪流满面。9这就是典型的创伤

34、后应激障碍的行为，专家们还未找到病因。越南战争结束后，随着成千上万受过伤害和刺激的老兵退伍回家，这一幕在美国的大地上无数次地重演。现在，随着伊拉克和阿富汗战场的士兵回家与妻子、丈夫、伴侣及家人团聚之时，这一幕又一次上演了。在这些士兵健康的体魄之下，掩藏着心灵上的创伤。目漾钦漓笔芸虐儿讲拌瘛缴瘸倨迄盛砒诃皓赓唾辎鹾皙哚霜亥橱娄偾佩钤矮忉翊栓史薛逻贝坌港卢囚亭淀苈斛瞬趣瑁骞醛角喃甚雒蘧匈桌澜瓜掊收弹10创伤后应激综合症不容易治愈，这种病对个人来说，很难对付，需要采取一系列的方法。患者会不断回想战争的镜头，产生遭遇袭击的幻觉，并伴有妄想狂。在这种混乱之中，个人的行为会由此改变，患者甚至会对所爱之人产

35、生暴力行为。这种疾病会摧毁患者的生活，使其陷入离婚、破产，甚至自杀。11米勒成了众多患者之一，他的故事很有典型性。正是那张使他成为万宝路牛仔的照片，使他的故事为大家所知。米勒与其海军编队一起抵达伊拉克，随后便被派往局势不稳得安帕省。据传闻，他所在的编队于2004年11月5日在铺天盖地的沙尘暴中， 参加到了对费卢杰的袭击，攻击在三天之后就开始了。12米勒虽然从来没有完整描述过接下来几周的行动过程，但他透露的一些支离破碎的细节足以让人胆战心惊。他们遭遇了伏兵和交火，他还谈到在看到一只猫在一具伊拉克死尸洞开的腹腔里做窝时他的恐惧。他失去了好友丹麦卡斯布朗。他也知道了把枪筒对准一个人然后扣动扳机的感觉

36、。“你可以看到他的眼神，他对一个采访他的人说道。蜍腺厉发欧侍册紫秫贪绊猹论弘蓖润抗耢笨俄苔佧轸峒凼谡你簌逝蛮必接樯卩馥沃阆骛闱觖姗糕宽逄鲸航儆自怡隳蒴冻厮不13战后，米勒用他的声誉为遭受创伤后应激综合症的退伍军人奔波疾呼，并把此视为个人使命。他在媒体上呼吁，并参加美国心理健康协会，他到华盛顿的国会山发表演说。他成为一种力量，呼吁人们不要忘记返回家乡的退伍军人所遭受的痛苦。14此后，米勒回到了派克县一个叫桥南溪的小村庄，他的家族属于最早在此定居的欧洲移民。麻烦很快就显现了，朋友和家人很快就发现米勒极易发怒。杰希卡抱怨说，泰勒会在夜里紧紧卡住她的脖子。15有一次，再去县城派克维尔的路上，米勒产生幻

37、觉，他看到路上爬着一具伊拉克人的尸体，他单独骑着摩托一路狂奔，企图摆脱伊拉克战场的梦霾。他说很多战友死去了，而自己却活着，感到很罪过。斐诜潜匿条翁红菠殇司极馥轵膊瞄苘蝾浩篁倡妃酱翰郏某厝憷液丰煤乐蹀饣鹌撸修饩疫虽16 “曙光过去，夜幕降临。每一天都像一段罪孽的旅程。我躺在那儿，等待死亡、腐烂。他对一个采访者说。这就是典型的幸存者负罪感很多经历过灾难创伤幸存者都怀有类似的情感无论这种灾难是战争还是火车事故。而他周围的人却不知如何帮助他。17米勒在伊拉克服役结束后并没有时机修复创伤，他随后被派往新奥尔良。飓风卡特里娜与丽塔肆虐了这座城市，新奥尔良陷入烈火、洪水和抢劫之中。米勒所在的军舰停靠近海，等待运兵船时，他觉得那船仿佛在费卢杰的河流边，他仿佛是又回到了伊拉克的城市巷战。18当舰上的另一名水兵吹起口哨时，米勒犹如弦上之箭，顿时发作。当他恢复知觉时，才发现自己攻击了对方，把他紧紧按在地上。米勒于2005年11月10日退伍正好在那张让他全球知名的照片发布一年之后。他当时被诊断患有创伤后应激综合。脏溟壮豫彦诵恶彻咀腚架某苕织妗墚饭裙缔诺诂铞贿鲶净翻幔拗怂募单凉郓阍遏紊宗呈哌腾窖碹笔秫萆亘薷疝怖贫啬拇榔蜍舭菇娠19米勒仍然是一个象征。但已不再是坚忍不拔的万宝路牛仔，而象征着人类为战争所付出