2022届高考英语一轮复习重难语法课2主谓一致学案北师大版

1、重难语法课(2)主谓一致语境中体悟用法朗读下面短文，体会、领悟主谓一致遵循的规那么有哪些？具体使用条件是什么？My sealmate, James, whose parents have been teaching English in Guangzhou for ten years, comes from the United States, which is one of the most developed countries in the world. H。as well as his parents enjoys living in Guangzhou because neither

2、 James nor his parents find it difficult to adapt to the 1 ife in China. In their opinion, many a custom here is“ easy to understand and ten years is enough for them to get used to all the customs.together nith James, extremely like3 English but physics seems rather difficult for us. Besides, both h

3、e and I are very fond of reading story books, and the Arabian Nights is one of the most interesting books that have been read by us.Our class is united as a big family. Now ihe class are preparing for the coming sports meet, so large quantities of our recent time have been spent on it. What we need

4、is15 a qualified coach because being trained properly is of great importance. We each are al 1 aware that each of us plays an important role in our class. We have decided to hold a celebration if getting a good result but when and where we are going to hold it hasnt been decided.用法体悟主谓一致一般遵循三个原那么：语法

5、一致、意义一致与就近一致。遵循语法致原那么,主语为复数名词parents,故谓语动词用复数形式have been tcachingo注意关系代词whose作定语修饰parents,不影响主语。遵循语法一致原那么，主语为My sealmale,故谓语动词用单数形式comeso注意James 为同位语。遵循意义一致原那么,主语为关系代词which,指代的是前面的the United States, 形式上是复数，但意义为单数，表示一个国家，故谓语动词用is。遵循语法一致原那么，主语后接as well as等词或短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式与 主造保持一致。遵循就近原那么，由neither .nor

6、连接并列主语时，谓语动词的单、复数由邻近的 主语而定。遵循语法一致原那么，“many a(很多)+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。遵循意义一致原那么，表示时间的复数名词作主语时，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用 单数形式。第九句:difference前加a遵循语法一致原那么，主语后面接说明主语的修饰语together wilh,谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响，仍保持同主语一致的关系。遵循意义一致原那么，以-ics结尾表示学科的名词作主语时，通常表示里数意义，谓 语动词用单数形式。遵循语法致原那么，当主语是both. and连接的并列结构时，如果主语指的是两 个或两个以上的人或物，那么谓语动词用

7、复数。遵循意义一致原那么，复数形式的专有名词作主语，通常作为整体看待，谓语动词用重 fio谓循语法一致原那么，在“oncof+复数名词+定语从句”结构中，如果前有the only, the very, the等限定词时，定语从句的谓语动词用单邀形式；如没有这些限定词和修饰语， 定语从句的谓语动词采用复数形式。遵循意义一致原那么，集体名词class如果作整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式；如果作 个别成员看待，谓语动词用复教形式。遵循语法一致原那么，当“（large） quantities。十可数名词复数或不可数名词”作 主语时，谓语动词用复数。当what引导主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的数应根据窟区二

8、致的原那么来决定。遵循语法一致原那么，非谓语动词（动词的-ing形式、不定式）作主语时，谓语动词一 般用单数形式。!循语法一致原那么，当each作同位语时，不影响主语与谓语之间的关系，如wocach are, aro由主语wc的形式决定；当“。ach+of+名词/代词”作主语时，谓语动词用里遨 形式。遵循语法一致原那么，从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用里数形式。系统中整合规那么主谓一致指谓语动词必须在人称和数上与句子的主语保持一致。主谓致一般遵循三个 原那么：语法一致原那么，意义一致原那么与就近一致原那么。语法一致原那么是指主语和谓语在单复 数形式上保持一致；意义一致原那么是谓语动词的单、复数取决

9、于主语所表达的概念；就近一 致原那么是当主语是两个或两个以上的并列名词或代词时，谓语动词与最近的名词或代词在人 称和数上保持一致。三个原那么语法主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式：反之，谓语动词用复数形式。many a+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。致由and或both .and .连接并列名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。主语后接 with, along with, together with, like, except, but, besides, as well as, including, no less than等词或短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式与主语保持一致。one

10、, everyone, each one, each . and .作主语时，谓语动词用单数。不定代词either, neither和由every-, some- , no- , any-等构成的复合代词作主语时，谓 语动词用单数。（none后的谓语动词根据情况可用单数，也可用复数）意 义致由and连接的两个名词作主语，如果主语是同一个人、同一件事或同一个概念（and后面无冠词）， 那么谓语动词用单数形式。family, class, group, team, company等集体名词作主语时，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用 单数形式；如果表示其中的成员，谓语动词用复数形式。police （警察

11、），people等形式上是单数，但通常被用作复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式。blind, old, young, poor, rich等形容词与Ihe连用，表示一类人，在意义上是复数，谓语动 词用复数形式。news, maths, physics, politics（政治）等词的形式是以-s结尾，但意义上是单数，作主语时谓 语动词用单数形式。表示时间、距离、重量、金钱的名词作主语，通常被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。“the+姓氏名词的复数形式”表示“某夫妇/一家人”。作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。就近致there be句型或here be句型中有并列主语时，谓语动词be在数上与最近的主语保

12、持一致。由 either . or（或者或者）,neither . nor（既不也不，两者都不）,not only . butalso（不但 而且），or （或者），whetheror（是 还是），not . but （不是 而是） 等连接的并列名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的单更数形式与最近的主语保持一致。集训中明晰考点考点1谓语动词只用单数的情况（1）主语是单数，谓语动词用单数；（2）many a/more than one/the number of +名词作主语时，谓语动词只用单数；（3）单个动名词、不定式、从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数；（4）表示时间、距离、金额、重量等的复数名词作主

13、语时，谓语动词常用单数形式；不定代词 someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, no one, nobody, nothing, everyone, everybody, everything, either, neither, the other, another, one单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数。. （2020 ,浙江 1 月 高考）Something significant is happening to the worldpopulation - it is aging. The median (中位数的)ag

14、e of an American in 1950 (be) 30 today it is 41 and is expected to increase to 42 by 2050.解析：was主语为age,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式；根据in 1950可知，此处的时态为一般过去时，所以填was。. (2020 ,浙江 7 月高考)And, as more children were born , more food (need).解析：was needed food和need之间是被动关系，因此用被动语态；由上文的were born 可知此处用一般过去时；且food在此处为不可数名词，作主语

15、时谓语动词用第三人称单数 形式。因此填was neededp. (2020 ,新高考全国卷 I )Often, only a small part of a museums collection(be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.解析：is主语是a small part,谓语动词用单数；此处说明事实，并且根据后一句 的时态可知用is。. (2020 ,江苏高考改编)If you look at all sides of the situation, you* 11 find probably a sol

16、ution that (suit) everyone.解析：suils分析句子结构可知thal everyone是Ihal引导的定语从 句，根据if条件句中的look和主句中的youll find可知,that从句应用一般现在时。 再根据先行词是单数名词a solution可知，suit用第三人称单数形式。. (2016 ,全国卷 II )Leaving the less important things until tomorrow (be) often acceptable.解析：is 单个的动名词短语 Leaving the less important things until tom

17、orrow 作主语，所以谓语动词用单数形式；此处表示客观情况，用一般现在时。考点2谓语动词只用复数的情况(1)主语是更数，谓语动词用及数；(2)a number of/many/a good many/quite a few+名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数；(3)集合名词如people, police, cattle等，形式上是单数，但意义上是复数，作主语 时谓语动词用更数；(4)主语为“the+形容词”表示一类人时，谓语动词常用复数。. （2020 ,新高考全国卷 I ）The parts of a museum open to the public （call） galleries or

18、 rooms.解析：are called分析句子结构可知，句中缺少谓语，主语the parts与动词call 之间为被动关系，且此处说明事实，故用般现在时的被动语态。（2019 , 全国卷 I ）0f the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six (be) stable, one is increasing, cind nine kick enough data.解析：are分析句子结构可知，本句由多个分句并列组成。其中设空处所在分句的主 语为six,为复数概念，谓语应用复数形式，本句表达

19、一般事实，应用一般现在时，故填are。(2021 ,邯郸模拟)A great number of children whose parents had died in the earthquake (be) sent to live with families in other cities.解析：were a great number of+.作主语时，谓语动词用复数，又因had died提示 这里用一般过去时，故答案为were。(2021 银川模拟)The cowboy rounded up the cattle that (be) eating grass here and there.

20、解析：were Ihal指代先行词callle,在定语从句中作主语，故谓语动词用复数，根 据语境可知用一般过去时，故填were。考点3多个名词作主语时谓语动词的单复数视具体情况而定(Dand连接两个名词作主语时，假设表示不同的人或物，概念是复数，谓语动词用复数：假设 连接的两个名词是同一人、同一物、同一概念，如a singer and dancer, bread and butter, going to bed early and getting up early 等，或前面有 many a/more than one/every/each 修饰时，谓语动词用单数；(2)with/as wel

21、l as/along with/togother with/rather than/including/plus/besides/in addition to/except连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的形式由该结构前的名词 或代词的形式决定，即采用就远原那么；)not only but also /or/eithcr or . /neither nor /there be 连 接并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数由靠近它的名词或代词决定，即采用就近原那么。(2021 ,皖南八校模拟)一Where are the specialists to be from tomorrow?Many a G

22、erman expert and many a British specialist (invite) to be present.解析：has been invited句意：“明天到场的专家们来自哪里？ ”“很多德国和英 国的专家已经被邀请出席了。”由语境可知，这个句子强调对现在的影响，且专家们是被邀 请,故用现在完成时的被动语态。又因many a/an+.+and+many a/an + . ”作主语时， 谓语动词用单数，故答案为has been invitedo.(2021 甘 肃诊断)Tcd, a British boy, along with his parents(invite)

23、to visit a Chinese cal 1igraphy exhibition in London last Saturday.解析：was invited句意：上周六，英国男孩Ted和他的父母一起被邀请参观了在伦 敦举办的中国书法展。本句中的主语为Ted,与invite之间为被动关系，且时态为一般过 去时,故填was invitedo(2021 望江模拟)Ei (her my teacher or our headmaster (be) to hand out the prizes to those gifted students in the meeting hall.解析：is句意

24、：要么是我的老师，要么是我们的校长要在会议厅给那些有才华的学生 颁奖。当either. or .连接两个主语时，谓语动词采用就近原那么，这里靠近be的主 语为单数名词our headmaster,故答案为is。(2021 济宁模:f以)The father, along with his four children, (go) to hangzhou. When they wi11 be back has not been fixed.解析：has gone to句意：这位父亲和他的四个孩子去杭州了。他们什么时候回来还 没有定下来。along with连接并列主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持主

25、谓致，根据下 一句可知,说话时他们不在现场。故填has gone to。考点4同一主语在不同情况下跟不同形式的谓语动词(1)some/none/plenty of/a lot of/lots of/百分数，分数+of/thu rest of/the majority of/part of+名词，谓语动词的单复数由名词的单复数形式决定；the rest/the remaining 作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由它们所表达的单复数含义决定；(2)单夏数同形的名词，如 means, species, series, aircraft, crossroads, sheep, deer 等作主语时，谓语动

26、词的单复数由该名词的单复数含义决定；(3)集合名词，如 family, class, team, audience, army, public, population 等以单数 形式出现时，假设看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数，假设强调该集体的成员，谓语动词用复 数；(4)all作主语，指人时，谓语动词常用复数：指情况时，谓语动词常用单数：none作主语 时，假设指不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；假设指人或可数的物，谓语动词单复数皆可。(2020 ,天津 5 月高考改编)A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged

27、in this city (be) in favour of the proposal for health care reform.解析：were句意：去年进行的一项调查显示，这个城市80%的中年人赞成医疗改革的 提议。当“几分之几(百分之几)+of+名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词的“数”应该与of 后面的名词保持一致。the middle-aged是“定冠词+形容词”结构，指一类人，表示复数 意义。句中时间状语是last year,主句用一般过去时，因此从句也应该用一般过去时。(2021 汕头模拟)The class (be) watching TV when I entered thero

28、om.解析：were class作主语，强调每一个成员的个体行为时，谓语动词用复数。一徵 来说，一些具体行为，如看电视、吃饭等都属于每一个成员的个体行为，故此处应为wcro。(2021 石家庄模拟)This new species (identify) as part of the sauropod family of dinosaurs.解析：was identified根据语境可知，动作已发生，时态用一般过去时，又因identify 和species为动宾关系，故用被动语态。species是单复数同形的名词，根据this可知， 这里是单数，故答案为was identifiedo(2021

29、黄山模拟)All my family (like) watching TV together every Sunday evening.解析：like根据every Sunday evening可知，表示经常反复发生的动作，用一般现 在时。family是集体名词，这里侧重个体成员，谓语动词用复数。故答案为like。自测中查漏补缺I.单句语法填空(2021 柳州模拟)When the publisher introduced the The Legend of the Condor Heroes, it was referrod (refer) to as a Chinese version o

30、f Gamo of Thrones (权 力的游戏).(2021 ,内江三模)The same belief in the value of cultural exchanges is shared/has been shared (share) by the two festivals.Part of the reason why releasing balloons is permilied (permit) in so many places is that some balloons do break down eventually.(2021 南昌模拟)Facial recognit

31、ion technology has been extended (extend) into many areas of school 1ife so far.(2021 南宁模拟)The word was created (create) about 50 years ago by former Vogue editor, Diana Vreeland, who used it to describe young people* s impact on fashion and music.(2021 淄博模拟)Leaving the less important things until t

32、omorrow is (be) often acceptable.It is reported that many a new house is being built (build) at present in the disaster area in Gansu Province.The only thing you can do i_s (be) to control your attitude.II.单句改错I am thankful that there is good, honest, and kind people around still.is-areHowever, too

33、much exposure to phones are bad for people in terms of health. arc isMs Brown, its you that has changed my life and made my dream come true. hashaveWhats more, in the process of fighting, we get close to success, as the saying goes that failure are the mother of success.aref is. As the economy grow,

34、 more opportunities are appearing than before. grozgrowsIn my opinion, cheating in exams are wrong.are- isin.语法填空(2021 湖南名校联考)Chinese people are proud of their food. However, when foreigners talk about Chinese food, they express opinions your expectations.As I grew up in the UK, the Chinese food I w

35、as used to eating was 2 I now recognize as Guangdong food because most Chinese immigrants to the UK camo from Guangdong. The typical dish 3 (order) there would be pork in sweet and sour sauce. When most British people attempted 4 (pronounce) words in Chinese, they actually made the sound of Cantones

36、e. So hearing Mandarin (普通话)is kind of _5 huge shock to some British people, who think it sounds completely different from the words they have heard!British people, s 6 (think) on Chinese food is probably changing, though. Chinese-American chef, Ken Hom, who 7 (work) on British TV for over 30 years,

37、 says: Chinese food in the 1980s in the UK was mainly sweet. Now more regional (地 方的)Chinese food from Sichuan, Hunan and other areas of China 8 (see). These various cuisines become successful here and 9 (taste) Chinese dishes also broaden their appeal to the British. ”But what do foreigners think w

38、hen they come to China and eat real Chinese food? In my experience, the impression usually is 10 (amazing) good.语篇解读：作者从自己的经历出发，讲述了中国菜系在英国的开展状况，从最初英国人 认识的粤菜到如今的川菜、湘菜等，地方菜系已经被英国人认可。boyond考查介词。依据下文的内容可知，外国人对中国菜的看法会出乎你的预料。 beyond (sb. * s) expectations ”超出(某人的)预期”。what考查表语从句。从句中的谓语recognize是及物动词，其后缺少宾语，因此 用what引导。recognize sth. as .意为“认为某物是”。ordered考查非谓语动词。空处作后置定语修饰dish,且dish与动词order之间 为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。rdered。to pronounce考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非