2022届高考英语一轮复习重难语法课1时态与语态学案北师大版

1、重难语法课(1)一一时态与语态语境中体悟用法朗读下面短文，体会、领悟加黑局部的时态、语态。I am Li Fan, chai rman of the Students，Union. I am wri ling to draw your attention to some improper behaviour in our campus: littering and scribbling. It has been making our school dirty and unpleasant. I always feel ashamed whenever I sec this. 11 is cle

2、arly not appropriate for a student to 1 i tter and scribble about. Last week, the Students* Union held a meeting to seek some solutions to these problems. We were having ; a heated discussion when our headmaster came and joined us. After the meeting, the headmaster said that the school had made effo

3、rts to improve this situation and more dustbins would be placed around. Recently, the Students Union has set up specific rules against such behaviour. At the same time, all of us should develop good habits and behave ourselves. Wc believe that, with the joint efforts of both teachers and students, o

4、ur school will become1 a more enjoyable place in the near future.用法体悟现在进行时,表示现在正在发生的动作。现在完成进行时,表示从过去开始一直延续到现在并有可能继续下去的动作。一般现在时,表示经常性或习惯性动作。一般过去时,表示在过去某个时间里（last week上周）所发生的动作。过去进行时,表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作。过去完成时,表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。过去将来时,表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态。另外此处 主语duslbins为动作的承受者，所以用被动语态。现

5、在完成时,表示过去发生的某一-动作对现在造成的影响或结果。一般将来时,表示在将来某一时刻要发生的动作或存在的状态。系统中整合规那么(一)动词的基本形式1. 一般现在时第三人称单数形式的构成a lot of people.构成规那么原形单数形式一股在动词后直接加-Shelphelps以-s, -x, -ch, -sh等结尾和以“辅expressexpresses音字母+。”结尾的动词加esmixmixes8. (2021 太原阶段性测评)Furthermore, the amount of s 1 eep has changed (change) greatly over the past 15

6、 years.单句改错Jack lives in a small town in England.He usually stayed in his own country during the holidays, stayedstaysLast summer, I went hiking in the Yel low Mountain wi th my friends. Everything goes well at first but something terrible happened later, goeswentWhen my English teacher told me that

7、 I had chosen as a competitor, I devoted my sei f to the preparations, had 后力 |J beenWe can chat a lot online or face to face, which really worked, workedworksIt was at the Red Store that I found a broken rocking chair and put it in the back of my truck. The seat is split into two, from front to bac

8、k, iswasThis morning, I, together with my parents, go to the second-hand book market near my home, gowent.语法填空(2022 届高三广州调研)We al 1 know clean water is important for good health. But now we also know we should watch we keep our water in. Plastic bottles hardened with a dangerous material 2 (call) BP

9、A can release a chemical into our water that harms our bodies. Since 2011, many countries 3 (ban) plastic with BPA from use in food containers and feeding bottles. But are other non-BP/ pkistics safe?Plastic labeled BPA-free might use other chemicals that have 4 (harm) effects on heal th. 5 (Study)

10、have shown that low levels of those chemical s might have the same effects as BPA. So, what should people do? The 6 (good) material to drink from is glass, 7 has no chemicals that can poison water.Another good choice 8 a water container i s a stainless steel (不锈钢)bottle. Stainless steel bottles are

11、better than aluminum (铝)bottles, which are covered with thin plastic 9 (protect) the metal from acids (酸).There are many good food-grade stainless steel water bottles on the market.If you do decide to use a reusable plastic water bottle, avoid 1() (keep) it in the sun. Sunlight and hot liquid speed

12、up the release of chemicals into your drinking water.语篇解读：用BPA硬化而成的塑料瓶在存放水时会释放一种对身体有害的化学物质，- 些标明不含BPA的塑料也可能使用了对健康有害的其他化学物质。存放水的最正确材料是玻 璃，不锈钢也是不错的选择。what考查宾语从句。根据下文中的“Plastic bottles”可知，此处表示我们现在 应该留意存放水的地方。分析该句结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作介词in的宾 语，表示“的事物，故用what引导该宾语从句。called考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，a dangerous materia

13、l和动词call 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用call的过去分词形式作后置定语。have banned考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据该句中的时间状语“Sine。2011 ” 可知，该句应用现在完成时，又主:语many countries为复数，故填have banned。harmful考查形容词。空处修饰名词effects,故用harm的形容词形式harmful, 表示“有害的”。Studies考查名词的复数。根据该句中的“have shown”可知，该句主语应为复数， 且此处study作“研究，调查”讲，是可数名词，故用study的复数形式。best考查形容词的最高级。上文介绍了两种对身体有

14、害的塑料存水容器，结合该 句中的“The”并根据语境可知，此处表示用来喝水的最好的材料是玻璃。故用形容词的最 高级形式。which考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中 作主语，先行词为glass,故用which引导该从句。for/as考查介词。根据本句句意可知，此处表示用途，故用for或者as。to protect考查动词不定式。该句意为：不锈钢瓶比铝瓶好，铝瓶上覆盖着薄薄 的塑料以保护金属不被酸腐蚀。空处表示目的，故用动词不定式。keeping考查动名词。avoid doing sth.为固定用法，意为“防止做某事”。IV.短文改错Dear Tim,Realiz

15、ing I might have behaved rude when receiving your gift at my birthday party, r m wr i t i ng to say sorry. I* m grateful to have received such nice a gift. According to Chinese tradition, I say “thank you“ that day. But I didnt tear up the package in your presences. I forgot Americans are used to op

16、en the package of a gift for the moment its received. It wasnt unti1 my mother mentioned it when I realized my inappropriate behavior. So, please forgive me for your thoughtlessness. This incident serves as reminder that I must learn more about culture differences.Li Hua答案：第一句：rude-rudely第二句：such-*s

17、o第八句:reminder 前加 a; culture-*cultural第三句:say-*said第四句：presences-*presence第五句：open-*opening;去掉 the moment 前的 for第六句:when-*that第七句：your-*mywashwasheswatchwatchesdodoes以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y 为i再加esrelyrelies2.现在分词的构成构成规那么原形现在分词一般情况下直接加-ingbuybuying以不发音的字母-e结尾的，去掉。再加-ingcontinuecontinuingrideriding以重读闭音节结尾，且

18、词尾只有一-个 辅音字母的，双写这个辅音字母再加-ingputputtingoccuroccurringpreferpreferring少数以-ie结尾的，变ie为y,再加-ingdiedying1 ielying以-oe, -ee, -ye结尾的，直接加-ingagreeagreeingdyedyeing3.规那么动词的过去式、过去分词的构成而在美式英语中那么为traveled, traveledo类似的动词还有quarrel, model, dial, signal 等。构成规那么原形过去式过去分词一般情况下加-edhelphelpedhelped以不发音的-e结尾的直接加-dlike1

19、iked1 ikedlivelivedlived以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词，变y为i再加edtrytriedtriedstudystudiedstudiedcrycriedcried以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个 辅音字母的，双写这个辅音字母再加-edstopstoppedstoppednodnoddednoddedpermitpermittedpermitted名师指津在英式英语中，travel的过去式和过去分词为travel led, travel led,（二）一般时态时态谓语动词形式（以do为 例）一般用法例句一般现在时do/does表示现在的经常性、习惯 性动作或存在的状态Im

20、 tall.(2)1 get up early every day.一般 过去时did表示过去某个时间发生的 动作或存在的状态，也表 示过去经常或反复发生的 动作。一般过去时只强调 过去We had a test yesterday.We often played together when we were children.一般 将来时0wi 11/shal 1 + 动词原 形be (am/is/are) going to+动词原形be(am/is/are) about to +动词原形 /bc(am/is/arc) on the point of+动名词be (am/is/are) to

21、+ 动词原形表示将来某一时刻的动作 或状态，或将来某一段时 间内经常发生的动作或存 在的状态一Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.一All right. I will call him later. Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.The train is about to start.They are to meet at the gate of the school.过去将来时 shou Id/wou 1 d + 动词 原形was/were (go i ng/abou t)

22、to+动词原形表示从过去某一时间来看 将要发生的动作或存在的 状态He said he wou1d be here at nine oclock.（三）进行时态时态谓语动词形式（以do为 例）用法例句现在进行时am/is/are doing说话时正在发生的事现阶段正在发生的事Im chatting with you.与always等连用表示 赞扬、厌烦等语气Im learning to drive these days.He is always helping others.过去进行时was/were doi ng过去某一阶段正在发 生的事 表示委婉语气 过去某一时候正在发 生的事I was

23、learning to drive last summer.I was wondering if you could give me a lift.Hc was reading this time yesterday.将来进行时will/shall be doing将来某一时刻或某一段 时间里正在进行的动作At this time tomorrow, I* 11 be taking a test.（四）完成时态时态谓语动词形式（以do为例）用法例句现 在 完 成 时have/has done到现在为止已发生或完成且 对现在有影响从过去某时刻直延续到 现在用于特定句型中，如This is the

24、 first time that 等I have finished my work.IhavelearnedEnglish for 6 years.This is the first time that I have been here.过 去 完 成 时had done到过去某一时刻之前已完成， 即过去的过去从过去某一时刻一直延续到 另一个过去时间用于特定句型中,如This wasthe first time that 等Hesaid he hadfinished it.He said he had 1ived there for 3 years.This was the first tim

25、e that he had been here.将 来 完 成will have done将来完成时表示到将来某一时 间，某一动作将会完成By this time of next year, all of you will have become college students.(五)各种时态下的被动语态的构成现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般式am/is/ are donewas/ were donewill/shall be donewould/ should be done进行式am/is/are being donewas/wcre being done完成式have/hasbeen

26、donehad been donevi 11/shal 1have been donewou1d/ shouldhave been done(六)被动语态的用法及关注点.不知道或没有必要指明动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态；需要强调或突出动作的承 受者或事件本身时也常用被动语态(by短语有时可以省略)。.只有及物动词才有被动语态。.主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况。(1)表示主语的某种属性特征或功能的动词，如read, write, sell, wash, clean, cook, catch, draw, cut, photograph, peel 等，常与 well, badly, easily

27、, smoothly 等副词 连用，用主动形式表示被动意义。The book sells well.这本书卖得很好。(2)系动词 appear, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, prove 等后接形容词作表语， 用主动形式表示被动意义。Her voice sounds beautiful.她的嗓音听起来很美妙。(3) open, close, lock, move, keep 等动词常与 won* t, can, t, wouldnt, hardly, scarcely等连用,及表示开始“结束”的动词,如：begin, start, finish, end等，

28、 常用主动形式表示被动意义。This drawer wonI lock.这个抽屉锁不上。集训中明晰考点考点1 一般时态(1)对于一般时态的考查以其基本用法为主；主将从现：主句是一般将来时，时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句一般要用 一般现在时；（3）一些特定的时间状语往往能够决定句子用何种时态。如：every +时间段，sometimes, usually, on Sunday 等常和一般现在时连用；.ago, the other day, in 2018, last week, just now等常和一般过去时连用；tomorrow, next week, inH段时间等常和一般将来时

29、 连用。（2020 全国卷 I ）China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Change-4 probe （探测器）一 the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess （touch） down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.解析：touched 句子主语是 The unmanned Chang* e-4 probe,谓语动词是

30、 touch。根 据时间状语last meek可判断用一般过去时。touch down意为“（飞机等）降落，着陆”。（2020 ,全国卷【）This really excites scientists, “ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ubecause it （mean） we have the chance to obtain infoimation about how the moon is constructed. M解析：means根据直接引语中的excites, have可判断用一般现在时；主语是it,故

31、 谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。（2020 全国卷 H）This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers （carry） special significance.解析：carries由上文中的is可知，用一般现在时：句子主语是动名词短语 decorating with ,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。（2020 ,全国卷HI）When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary（传奇的）artist, they

32、smiled and （point） down the river.解析：pointed and连接两个并列谓语动词，前后时态应一致。（2020 ,新高考全国卷 I ）The 80, 000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, （form） the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.解析：formed根据语境可知，应用一般过去时。（2019 全国卷 II）Picking up her aLifetime Achievementv award, p

33、roud Irene （declare） she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.解析：declared根据设空处后的从句中谓语动词had的时态可知，本句表达发生在过 去的事情要用般过去时。考点2进行时态(1)考查以基本用法为主；(2)常和现在进行时连用的一些特定的时间状语有now, at present, at this time等。(2018 匕京高考改编)Susan had quit her well-paid job and (work) as a volunteer in the neighborhood wh

34、en I visited her last year.解析：was working句意：去年“我”去看望苏珊的时候，她己经辞去了那份高薪的 工作，正在社区做志愿者。根据句意可知，此处强调过去的时间正在进行的动作，因此用过 去进行时。(2017 天津高考改编)1 (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.解析：was driving句意：我正开车去伦敦，就在那时我突然发现我走错路了。be doing . when .”正在做 ，这时突然 ”，此时主句用过去进行时，when后面的 句子用一般过

35、去式。For the past four days I (take) part in a disability arts festival as a member of a choir (合唱团)set up specially to perform at this festival.解析：have been taking此处强调“一直在参加”，用现在完成进行时。考点3完成时态(1)一些特定的时间状语往往能够决定句子用何种时态。如：by the end of last year, before I came here 等常和过去完成时连用；during/in/over the last (pa

36、st) few yeeirs(months, weeks .), in recent years, so far, up to now 等常和现在完成时 连用；by引导时间状语从句的时态规律：by +过去时间，句子用过去完成时； by+将来时间，句子用将来完成时； by +现在时间(now),句子用现在完成时。its the first time that 后面从句用现在完成时；it was the first time that 后 面从句用过去完成时。(2020 浙江 7 月高考)By about 6000 BC, people (discover) the best crops to g

37、row and animals to raise.解析：had discovered根据时间状语by about 6000 BC(到大约公元前6000年为止) 可知，空格处的谓语动词需用过去完成时，故填had discovered。(2020 7 月天津高考改编)The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early1990s and (remain) around that level ever since.解析：has remained句意：医学院的数量在20世纪90年代早期到达了 18所，自那 以来一直保持在这个数量左右。根据句中的时间

38、状语ever since(自从以来)可知，需 用现在完成时,而句子主语是the number of medical schools,所以谓语用第三人称单数。. (2020 ,江苏高 考改编)Instead of getting down to a new task as I (expect), he examined the previous work again.解析：had expected句意：他没有像我期望的那样着手做新的工作，而是又检查了一 遍先前的工作。根据句意可知，expect动作发生在examined之前，表示“过去的过去”， 用过去完成时。. (2019 ,全国卷 I )In

39、 recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing.解析：have reported根据句中时间状语In recent years可知，应用现在完成时。(2019 ,全国卷 II )1 love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I (make) over the

40、 years.解析：have made分析句子结构可知，I (make) .为省略了引导词的定语从 句，先行词friends为复数概念。设空处在从句中作谓语，主句为一般现在时，根据时间状 语over the years可知，此处应用现在完成时。(2018 ,全国卷 IDDiets have changed in China and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country (grow) more corn than rice.解析：has grown由时间状语Since 2011可知此处语境表示的是从过去的某个时间开 始，一直持续到现在，

41、故用现在完成时。且主语the country是单数，故填has growno考点4被动语态. (2020 全国卷 I) This really excites scientists , w Carle Pieters, a scientist at Biown University, says, ubecause it means wc have the chance to obtain information about how the moon (construct). ”解析：is constructed整句话的时态为一般现在时，且the moon与construct (组成， 构成)之

42、间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。(2020 ,全国卷HDThe artist was sure he wou 1 d (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor* s chief minister, the old man laughed.解析：be chosen主语h。和动词choose之间是被动关系，空格前有would,故用“b。+过去分词”。（2020 ,浙江 1 月高考）People tend to focus on the first factor. However, greater attention should （place） on longevity （长寿）.解析：be placed结合句意可知，此处attention与place构成被动关系。又因空前 是情态动词should,故填be placedo（2020 ,天津 5 月高考改编）一The machine is working again!Yes,