使役动词的用法及练习

1、英语中拥有使役意义的动词许多,跟人们经常说的使役动词不是一个观点.往常我们说使役动词,指的是make,have,let这三个动词,它们在后接不定式作宾语补足语时要省去不定式符号to的特定用法.但拥有使役意义的动词数目上远不只这些,用法也较灵巧,现将其分类表达以下,以饷读者.(注：英语动词意义丰富,在此仅限于“使役”意义.)1使役动词have,let,make（常用于复合构造）have的用法1).have+宾语+省to不定式：表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系.并且还能够与神态动词will,would连用,不用于被动构造.Therichladyhadthesing

2、ereatwithhisservants.Iwillhavehimcomeandhelpyou.2).have+宾语+此刻分词：表示让某人或物连续进行某动作或处于某状态中,宾语和宾补是一种主动关系.亦可转变为“劝告,鼓舞”宾语干某事.Thetwocheatshadthelightsburningallnightlong.Hehaduswaitingforhimthreehoursyesterday.IhavethemalltalkingtoeachotherinEnglish.我鼓舞他们用英语谈话.3).have+宾语+过去分词：表示主语的主观意志,即主语让他人为自己达成某事,宾语和宾补是动宾

3、关系.还能够表示主语遭到到来利或不测的事.TomsaidhehadhadhisTVsetrepaired.Tomhadhiswalletstolenonthebusyesterday.“他人”在句中一般不出现,这是它与构造1）的差别所在.试比较：Haveyouwashedyourclothes?你洗了衣服了吗?（自己洗）Haveyouhadyourclotheswashed?你叫人洗了衣服了吗?（他人洗）4).have+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语作宾补Pleasehaveyourticketsready.TheEmperorhadnothingon.IamsureIllhavehiminth

4、eargument.的用法1).let+宾语+省to不定式：表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系,少用于被动语态.有时也可指一种假定.let后不可以接此刻分词,过去分词作宾补.Letthemstayintheclassroomanddotheirexercisesthemselves.LetABbeequaltoCD.假定AB等于CD.2).let+宾语+副词/介词短语作宾补Letmeinandletthemout.Wholetyouintothebuilding?3make的用法1).make+宾语+省to不定式：表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补

5、之间是一种主动关系.此构造常用被动构造.make后不接此刻分词作宾补.Theteachermadethenaughtyboystandthereforanhour.Thenaughtyboywasmadetostandthereforanhour.2).make+宾语+过去分词,此构造中的宾语指人经常用到反身代词.Heraisedhisvoicetomakehimselfheard.CanyoueasilymakeyourselfunderstoodinEnglish?Theywillmakeanimportantplanknowntothepublicsoon.3).make+宾语+形容词,

6、宾语亦但是从句.Thenewsmadeherhappy.Hemadeitclearthatheobjectedtotheproposal.2“半使役动词”amaze,astonish等“半使役动词”在英语语法上仍是一个没有被认可的观点或术语,而不过认可了其v-ing形式和v-ed形式作为形容词使用.但这种词汇数目较大,使用频次高,业已成为学习和考察中的要点,难点,易混易错点,并且在教课一线已经宽泛地被教师和学生所接受.半使役动词之因此得名,一则它们的意义都有“使某人感觉”,再则是为了与具有特别用法的使役动词let,have,make等差别开来.常有的半使役动词amaze（使某人感觉惊呀）,as

7、tonish（使某人感觉诧异）,bore（使某人感觉厌烦）,complicate（使某人感觉复杂）,confuse（使某人感觉诱惑）,disappoint（使某人感觉绝望）,delight（使某人感觉快乐）,discourage（使某人感觉灰心）,distinguish（使某人感觉明显）,excite（使某人感觉喜悦）,encourage（使某人感觉激励）,exhaust（使某人感觉疲备）,frighten（使某人感觉惧怕）,interest（使某人感觉风趣）,inspire（使某人感觉刺激）,move（使某人感觉激动）,please（使某人感觉快乐）,puzzle（使某人感觉不解）,sati

8、sfy（使某人感觉满意）,surprise（使某人感觉惊诧）,shock（使某人感觉震撼）,strike（使某人感觉震动）,tire（使某人感觉疲倦）,upset（使某人感觉疑惑不解）,等等.半使役动词的主动式用法：something+Vt.+somebody如：Whatsurprisedhimmostwasherbravery.HisbravedeedsmovedChina.Theexamresultsatisfiedhisparents.Theboysbehaviorupseteverybodyaround.半使役动词有两个或三个派生形容词,一个加-ing,一个加-ed,有时还有一个加其余

9、后缀组成如：interest-interesting,interested;astonish-astonishing,astonished;please-pleasing,pleased,pleasant;satisfy-satisfying,satisfied,satisfactory.半使役动词的v-ing和v-ed两个分词形容词的用法也有规律一般而言,作定语时,v-ing分词形容词修饰事物,v-ed分词形容词修饰人或许人的心理活动,表情等；作表语或宾语补足语时,v-ing分词形容词指事；v-ed分词形容词指人或拟人用法.并且作表语的v-ed分词后接事经常有一个介词.如：Thefilmwe

10、sawlastnightwasveryinteresting.Wewereallinterestedinthefilm.Thefrighteninghurricanemadethegirlveryfrightened.Theteacherwassatisfiedwiththeanswerofhisstudents.3使役意义状态动词get,leave,set,send,keep,drive,etc.常用于复合构造中使成为/变得某种状态或结果（get的用法跟have很靠近）Icantgettheoldradiotowork.我没法让那旧收音机工作起来.（接带to不定式作宾补）Canyoureal

11、lygetthatoldcargoingagain?你真能让那旧车运行起来吗?Thefarmergothisplantingdonebeforetheraincame.那农民在雨季前达成了栽种.Hegothiswristbroken.他折断了手段.（主语发生了不幸的事）Shesoongotthechildrenreadyforschool.她快速使孩子们做好了上学准备.使保持/处于某种状态Leaveyourhatandcoatinthehall.把帽子和外衣放在大厅里.Didyouleavethedoorsandwindowsfirmlyfastened?你把门窗牢牢锁上了吗?Alwaysle

12、avethingswhereyoucanfindthemagain.总应把东西放在能再次找到的地方.Wholeftthatwindowopen?谁让窗户开着?Dontleavehimwaitingoutsideintherain.别让他在外面雨中等候.Leavesomebody/somethingalone.不要干预某人或某事.Leavewellalone.事情已经够好了,不要再去管它了.使某人或某物处于或达到某种特别的状态或关系setsomebodyathisease使某人安适/舒坦/心情放松setsomethinginorder使某物有条不紊setsomebodyfree/atlibert

13、y使某人获取自由,开释（罪犯等）Itstimewesetthemachinegoing.是我们发动机器的时候了.Thenewssetmethinking.这信息使我堕入了深思.Hesetthefarmlaborertochopwood.他让农场工人去砍伐木材.IhavesetmyselftofinishthejobbytheendofMay.我信心于五月尾前达成那工作.setathieftocatchathief.以毒攻毒；令贼捉贼send使某人或某物急剧地挪动Theearthquakesentthecrockeryandcutlerycrashingtotheground.地震将杯盘刀叉震落

14、在地上.Mindhowyougo-younearlysentmeflying.当心点,你差点将我撞飞了.Sendthatfellowabouthisbusiness/packing.叫那家伙滚开.Thegoodharvestsentthepricesdown.丰产使物价下跌.使某人处于某状态,迫使某人做某事Failuredrovehimtodespair/desperation.失败使他无望.Youlldrivememad/tomywitsend.你会把我气疯的./你会使我穷尽对付的.Hungerdrovehimtosteal.=Hewasdrivenbyhungertosteal.他为饥饿所

15、迫而盗窃.使某人或某物保持某种状态Youshouldkeepthechildrenquiet.你要使孩子们静下来.Thecoldweatherkeptusindoors.严寒的天气使我们待在家里.Ifyourhandsarecold,keeptheminyourpockets.假如你手冷,把它们放在口袋里.Willtheykeepmeinprison/custody.他们会监管/拘禁我吗?ImsorryIvekeptyouwaiting.很不好意思让你久等了.Thedoctorsmanagedtokeepmegoing.医生们想法让我活下去.4使役意义动向动词以致,以致（能接直接宾语,双宾语,

16、复合宾语）Whatcausedhisdeath?什么以致了他的死亡?Thishascausedusmuchanxiety.这给我们带来了极大的忧愁.Whatcausedtheplantstodie.（=whatmadethemdie.）什么使得这些植物枯死.Hecausedtheprisonertobeputtodeath.(=hehadthemputtodeath.)他使得这些罪犯被处死.迫使,逼迫（宾语后常接介词短语、副词及不定式等）forceoneswaythroughacrowd从人群中挤出一条路来.forceawayin/out/through冲进/出/过forceanentryin

17、toabuilding强前进入一建筑forcethewaruponhim逼迫某人作战forcesomeoneintodoingsomething逼迫某人做某事forcesb./oneselftoworkhard迫使某人/自己努力工作英语中使役动词的用法较复杂中部分一haveletmake,上边仅就常有常用类作一小结为重,以供大家参照,还有一些种类可能未被总结出来,初使役动词练习一、单项选择1Ihaveheardbothteachersandstudents_wellofhim.AtospeakBspokenCtohavespokenDspeak2TheyareAinstallgoingtoBh

18、avethetoinstallserviceman_Ctoanbeelectricinstalledfan.Dinstalled3TheyllAtohaveyoubearrested_ifyoudontBarrestpayCyourtaxes.arrestedDbeingarrested4TheyknowAgrowherveryBwell.grewTheyChadwasseengrowingher_upDtogrow5IsAtheCthethisone,one,fridge_youitrepairedrepairedwishtohave_?Bthat,repairedDwhich,repair

19、edit6Whenvisitingaforeigncountry,t_.AmakingunderstandmeodCtomakemyselfunderstandIsometimesfounditBtomakemyselfdifficulundersto7-Goodmorning,CanIhelpyou?-IdlikeAbeweighedtohaveBthistobepackageweighed_，madamCtoweighDweighed8Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldnotmakehimself_.AhearBhavingheardChearing

20、Dheard9JaneAtowasmadewashto_thetruckBwashingforaCweektobeasapunishment.washingDwash10ThemissingAplayingboysBweretolastbeseenplaying_nearCtheriver.playDplaying11Thepoliceweretoldthatsomeboyswereseen_onthestreet.AplayingBtobeplayingCplayDtoplaying12PaulAtodoesntlearnhaveBtobelearnmadealwaysworksClearn

21、edhard.Dlearningwasabsentthismorning,shehadherteeth_.AfillingBfilledCtofillDfill14Themanagerdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_thenextdoor.AcarryoutBcarryingoutCcarriedoutDtocarryout15IfodelsACyou_.totowanttobechosenchoosebuyanBDexpensivecamera,tochoosefromforchoosingwehaveseveralm16Theexaminerd

22、mittedtotheAshowingmadeus_ouridentificationtextcenter.BshowCshowedinordertoDtoshowbea17WewereAcleantoldtohaveBtoourreadingcleanroomC_aftercleaningschool.Dcleaned18Theymadeafire_uptheroom,assoonastheirleadercameback.AwarmBwarmedCtowarmDwarming19IAoftenleavenoticedBtheleftboy_schoolCleavingaloneveryDs

23、oon.tonoticepeoplesgovernmentdoesitbesttohavingthelivingstandardofthepeople_.ArisenBraiseCriseDraised21-Yourbrotherlookstired,Whatswrongwithhim?-Well,thatsbecausehisbosshadhim_allday.AworksBtoworkCworkingDworkedhopesthatMr.SmithwillsuggestagoodwaytohaveherwrittenEnglish_inashortperiod.AimprovedBimprovingCtoimproveDimprove23DidyouAtooknoticethethecandylittleandrunboy_away?BtakingthecandyandrunCtakethecandyandrunDwhentakingandr