新西兰简介全英文讲解课件

1、新西兰简介全英文新西兰简介全英文2.1.1“God Defend New Zealand” is one of the national anthems of New Zealand, together with “God Save the Queen”. Although they have equal status, “God Defend New Zealand” is the anthem that is in common use and is popularly referred to as the national anthem. “God Defend New Zealand”

2、 was written as a poem in the 1870s by Irish-born, Victorian-raised immigrant Thomas Bracken of Dunedin. A competition to compose music for the poem was held in 1876 with a prize of ten guineas. The winner of the competition was the Tasmanian-born John Joseph Woods of Lawrence, New Zealand, who comp

3、osed the melody 2. National anthem of New Zealand2.1.1“God Defend New Zealand” 2.1.1melody in a single sitting the evening after finding out about the competition. In 1976 a petition was presented to Parliament asking for it to be made the national anthem, and, with the permission of Queen Elizabeth

4、 II, it became the countrys second national anthem on November 21, 1977, on equal standing with “God Save the Queen”.2. National anthem of New Zealand2.1.1melody in a single sittinWhere is New Zealand located? New Zealand is located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, midway between the Equator and t

5、he South Pole. It is part of the Pacific Islands, or Oceania, which refers to a grouping of thousands of islands in the Pacific Ocean. It is also considered part of Polynesia, one of three major divisions of the Pacific Islands. Its nearest neighbor is Australia, which is approximately 1,600 kilomet

6、ers west to it. Similar in size to Japan or Britain, New Zealand occupies a land area of 270,500 square kilometers. The northern and southern extremities of the country are 1,600 kilometers apart, but no part of this country is more than 120 kilometers from the sea. Where is New Zealand located?Wher

7、e is New Zealand located? 2.2Map of New ZealandWhere is New Zealand located?2.2Map of New ZealandWhere is 1. North Island2.2 One of the features which make the North Island different from the South Island is the many volcanoes on the island. Although only 10% of the land area of the North Island is

8、occupied by mountain ranges, most of them were formed by volcanic activities, largely due to the fact that New Zealand is located within a region with active tectonic plate movement. Altogether there are four main active volcanic mountains in the North Island Mount Egmont, Mount Ruapehu, Mount Ngaur

9、uhoe and Mount Tongariro. Mount Egmont is the best known extinct volcano in New Zealand because of its symmetrical shape. 1. North Island2.2 One oMount Ruapehu is the highest mountain in the North Island (2,797 m), which is still alive. Closely related to the repeated volcanic activities are the ric

10、h resources of geothermal power in the North Island. Here, plenty of hot springs and geysers could be found as a result of the underground heat. The longest river in New Zealand is the 425-kilometer Waikato in the North Island. As a typical mountain river, it rises on the east side of Mount Ruapehu

11、and passes through Lake Taupo. Lakes also abound in the North Island. Again, the reason for their formation has to do with volcanoes. 2.31. North IslandMount Ruapehu is the highest mThe largest lake in New Zealand is Lake Taupo. It is 40 kilometers long and 27 kilometers wide. Formed in the crater o

12、f an extinct volcano, Lake Taupo is one with many hot springs and spectacular scenery. 2.31. North IslandLake Taupo The largest lake in New Zealan2. South Island New Zealands landscape is renowned for its variety and, in particular, its mountainous nature. In fact, the most impressive mountains in N

13、ew Zealand are in the South Island. The Southern Alps are a range of mountains that extend almost the whole length of the South Island. The west slopes of the Alps are close to the sea, so there is only a narrow coastal plain. In contrast, there are wide flat plains in the east of the Alps. Far more

14、 rain falls on the west slopes, whereas the east plains often experience hot dry weather. The Southern Alps include 18 peaks above 3,000 meters. The most famous ones are Mount Cook (3,764 m), the highest mountain in New Zealand, Mount Tasman (3,497 m) and Mount Dampier (3,440 m). 2.3 South Island2.

15、South Island New Zeal2.3 Different from the volcanoes and hot springs in the North Island, the South Island is famous for its more than 360 glaciers. Among them, the 29-kilometer long Tasman Glacier is the largest and most impressive. Glacial activity in the Southern Alps has resulted in the formati

16、on of many lakes. As many of these lakes are surrounded by extremely rugged mountains, they are famous for the grandeur of their alpine settings. Lake Te Anau is the largest lake in the South Island and Lake Wakatipu the second largest. Most of the rivers of the South Island originate in the glacial

17、 lakes of the Southern Alps and flow generally southeastward to empty into the Pacific Ocean. The Clutha River (336 km) is the largest river of the island. 2. South Island2.3 Different from the v2.3Mount Cook 2. South Island2.3Mount Cook 2. South Island3. Coastline and bays2.3 The North Island coast

18、line is characterized by many bays, harbors, and inlets. The coastline there is particularly irregular in the region of Northland, a 330-km-long peninsular extension to the northwest of Auckland. The South Island coastline is more regular in parts, with the exceptions at the north and south ends of

19、the island, where the coastline is broken with many bays and harbors known as sounds. They were formed because the glaciers carved deep valleys a long time ago, which were filled to form fiords when the sea levels rose. The best-known sounds are the Milford Sound and the Marlborough Sound. 3. Coastl

20、ine and bays2.3 2.3Both the North and South Islands tend to have better swimming beaches on the east coast and the further north you go. The west coasts of both islands are rugged and have many cliffs, but there are still suitable swimming and bathing beaches here. New Zealand also has some great su

21、rf breaks in both islands. The most famous break is situated west of Hamilton in a small town called Raglan, which is known for its unusually long surf rides. Milford Sound3. Coastline and bays2.3Both the North and South IsWhat are the types of climate in New Zealand?2.3 New Zealand has mild tempera

22、tures, moderately high rainfall, and many hours of sunshine throughout most of the country. Its climate is dominated by two main geographical features the sea and the mountains. New Zealand has a typical maritime climate, affected by the surrounding oceans. Apart from inland alpine areas in the cent

23、ral South Island, where the winter temperature can drop as low as -10, the country does not experience great extremes of heat or cold. New Zealands mountains have a major influence on the weather. Prevailing westerly winds bring ashore moist air from the Tasman Sea. Forced to rise by the western slo

24、pes of the mountain ranges, the air cools and releases its moisture in the form of heavy rain and, at higher altitudes, snow. What are the types of climate 2.3As a result, the southwestern coast of the South Island is one of the wettest places on earth. Eastern coasts, in the shadow of the Southern

25、Alps, are much drier and in some years may experience serious summer drought. In general, the country experiences high rainfall. The average annual rainfall is between 640 mm and 1,500 mm, evenly spread throughout the year. Annual sunshine hours What are the types of climate in New Zealand?2.3As a r

26、esult, the southweste2.3Most places in New Zealand receive abundant sunshine, with an average of over 2,000 hours a year. While its climate is generally a temperate one, New Zealands weather is very changeable. A brisk rain shower can be expected even when the sun was shining a minute ago. The tempe

27、rature can also change from quite warm to rather chilly during the same day. It is said that four seasons can occur in one day.What are the types of climate in New Zealand?2.3Most places in New Zealand 1. Plants2.4 New Zealand is a very green country. With its high rainfall and abundance of sunshine

28、, this country enjoys an enormous diversity of plants. Among them, 1,500 species can be found nowhere else in the world, which constitute 80% of all of the plant life of New Zealand. Most of the native trees and shrubs of New Zealand are evergreen, and most of the lowland plains are covered with gra

29、sses. The kauri is the largest New Zealand tree, growing mainly in the northernmost parts of the country.Kauri1. Plants2.4 New Zealand2. Animals2.4 One of the unique animal species in New Zealand is the wingless bird. It is said that New Zealand drifted away from the landmass before the arrival of m

30、ammals. Birds, therefore, flourished in the absence of their predatory mammals. Many bird species in New Zealand became flightless or semi-flightless, since they didnt need wings to fly away from predators. Many of these birds became extinct. Some flightless birds have survived, however, including t

31、he kiwi, a nocturnal bird that is the national symbol, and the kakapo, the worlds largest parrot. Almost all the mammals in New Zealand are all introduced from other parts of the world, with the exception of only two species of bats.2. Animals2.4 One of the uniqu2.4New Zealand is also the only habit

32、at for a type of lizard like reptile called tuatara. New Zealand has abundant and diverse marine life, including the snapper, flounder, blue cod, hapuku, tarakihi, swordfish, and shark, as well as edible shellfish such as the oyster, mussel, paua (abalone), and toheroa. 2. AnimalsKiwi2.4New Zealand

33、is also the onlHow is the population distributed in New Zealand?2.5By world standards, New Zealand is lightly populated, with a resident population of about 4.24 million people in 2007. About three-quarters of the population live in the North Island. New Zealand is known for its scenic landscapes of

34、 snowcapped mountains and rolling green pastures. And its economy is stillbased on the land. However, the majority of New Zealanders live in urban areas, with a proportion of 85.4% of its population. The capital of New Zealand is Wellington. The largest and most cosmopolitan city is Auckland. Auckla

35、nd How is the population distribuWhat are the major ethnic groups and their languages?2.5 About 80% of New Zealanders are of European descent. They are often known by the Maori name Pakeha. They are usually described as the largest ethnic group, but in fact they are ethnically mixed. People of Engli

36、sh, Scottish, and Irish descent comprise the largest groups in that order, but there are also people of German, Australian, Scandinavian, Croatian, and Dutch descent. Maori, the original inhabitants of New Zealand, are the largest non-European group. They are a Polynesian people, whose ancestors fir

37、st settled the islands in about the year of 1100. Their share of the population declined rapidly in the 19th century, after European colonization of the islands, but it rebounded dramatically during the 20th century from less than 5% in 1900 to about 14.5% in 2006.What are the major ethnic grou2.6Pa

38、cific Islanders and East Asians account for about 6.5% and 6.6% of the population respectively. Large-scale Pacific Islander immigration began in the 1960s. These immigrants came mainly from Tonga, the Fiji Islands, Tokelau, Niue, the Cook Islands, and, most of all, Samoa. East Asian immigration dat

39、es back to the 1860s, when gold rushes attracted thousands of Chinese to come. English and Maori are the official languages of New Zealand. Most of the people speak English with a New Zealand accent, which resembles the Australian accent. The Maori language was recognized as an official language in

40、1987. What are the major ethnic groups and their languages?2.6Pacific Islanders and East 2.6A small percentage of the total Maori population is considered fluent in Maori, but the language is being revived in early-childhood programs known as kohanga reo (“language nests”).What are the major ethnic

41、groups and their languages?Maori 2.6A small percentage of the t2.6 Christianity is the predominant religion in New Zealand. Anglicans traditionally have formed the largest single denomination. The next largest Christian groups are Presbyterians and Roman Catholics. Membership in the major Christian

42、churches has been declining steadily in recent decades. Membership in some smaller sects, such as the Pentecostal church, has meanwhile increased, as has the number of New Zealanders professing no religion or refusing to state their affiliation. Many Pakeha claim the religious affiliation of their f

43、amilies but are not active churchgoers. In general, religious practice is stronger among Maori and Pacific Islanders than among Pakeha.What are the main religions in New Zealand? 2.6 Christianity is the 2.6The Maori Christian churches, the Ringatu Church (founded in 1868) and the Ratana Church of Ne

44、w Zealand (1918), have relatively small but consistently active membership. According to census figures, other significant minority religions include Hinduism, Buddhism and Islam.What are the main religions in New Zealand? Major Christian denomination distribution 2.6The Maori Christian churche3.1Tr

45、ue or FalseMultiple ChoiceDiscussion 3.1True or FalseMultiple Choic1. New Zealand is situated in the Northern Pacific Ocean, halfway between the Equator and the North Pole.2. New Zealand is made up of two large islands: the North Island and the South Island, and numerous smaller islands.3. New Zeala

46、nd is the first country to get the new day because it is just east of the International Date Line.4. The mountain range which runs almost the whole length of the South Island is called the Southern Alps.5. The Clutha River is the longest river of New Zealand. FTFTFTrue or False3.1( )( )( )( )( )1. N

47、ew Zealand is situated in 6. New Zealand often has earthquakes because a fault line runs the length of the country.7. Since its climate is generally a temperate one, New Zealands weather is not changeable.8. New Zealand is sometimes referred to as an “ultimate storehouse for discontinued zoological

48、models”.9. About three-quarters of the population live in the South Island.10. A large percentage of the total Maori population is considered fluent in Maori.TTFFF3.1True or False( )( )( )( )( )6. New Zealand often has earth1. New Zealand is situated about 1, 600 km _ . A. northwest of Australia B.

49、southeast of Australia C. northeast of Australia D. southwest of AustraliaMultiple Choice3.21. New Zealand is situated abo2. The largest Lake in New Zealand is _ . A. Lake Te Anau B. Lake Taupo C. Lake Wakatipu D. Lake WanakaMultiple Choice3.22. The largest Lake in New Zea3. The highest peak in New

50、Zealand is _ . Multiple Choice3.2A. Mount Tasman B. Mount Cook C. Mount Dampier D. Mount Ruapehu3. The highest peak in New Zea4. The following are the volcanic mountains in the North Island EXCEPT _ .A. Ruapehu B. Mt. Cook C. Ngaurohoe D. TongariroMultiple Choice3.24. The following are the volca5. T

51、he most serious potential natural disasters in New Zealand are _ .A. storms and earthquakes B. volcanoes and floods C. earthquakes and volcanoes D. floods and stormsMultiple Choice3.25. The most serious potential 6. _ is the flightless bird which has become a symbol of New Zealand. A. Emu B. Kiwi C.

52、 Weka D. PukekoMultiple Choice3.26. _ is the flightless 7. What percentage of the population of New Zealand is of European (mainly British) descent?A50% B67% C73% D80%Multiple Choice3.27. What percentage of the popu8. The following are the reasons for the uneven distribution of the population of New

53、 Zealand EXCEPT _ . A. the concentration of mineral resources in the north B. the milder climate in the north C. the expansion of North Island industries D. the availability of land suitable for specialized farmingMultiple Choice3.28. The following are the reaso9. What is the most common religion in

54、 New Zealand? A. Christianity. B. Islam. C. Buddhism. D. Judaism.Multiple Choice3.29. What is the most common rel10. New Zealanders speak English with a distinctive _ accent.A. British B. New Zealand C. Irish D. Scottish Multiple Choice3.210. New Zealanders speak EngliDiscuss the reasons why the New

55、 Zealand government encourages people to immigrate to their country.Discussion3.3 New Zealand is committed to increasing its population by approximately 1% per year. The history of New Zealand is a history of immigration. New Zealand is a lightly populated country. New Zealanders are constantly movi

56、ng out of their home country to other parts of the world for various purposes.H ints:Discuss the reasons why the NeEthnic Diversity in New Zealand4 FURTHER READINGMori migration After the Second World War the demand for labour in the cities led many Mori to move from the country into the city. In 19

57、66, 38% of Mori lived in rural areas down from 74% in 1945. In 1986 only 21% of Mori lived rurally, with 57% in the main urban areas. Inequalities of income, occupation and housing became more obvious once Mori and Pkeh were in the same location. Moving to the city also cut Mori off from many aspect

58、s of the informal economy such as the exchange of kaimoana (seafood).Ethnic Diversity in New ZealanNew immigrants A shortage of workers saw the reintroduction of assisted-passage schemes for British migrants, which lasted from 1947 to 1973, and the recruitment of smaller numbers from the Netherlands

59、 and southern Europe. Immigrants from the Pacific, closer to home but less familiar to Pkeh, were also encouraged to enter the country. Workers, and sometimes also their families, from Samoa, Tonga and other Pacific islands arrived in increasing numbers from the 1950s. 4-1New immigrants4-1 European

60、and Pacific workers usually had different qualifications and skills, and often did different kinds of jobs. Some European migrants did encounter prejudice. Yet the contrast in public perceptions and treatment of these groups was striking. Echoing earlier treatment of ethnic minorities, “Islanders” w