2022高考英语一轮复习第一部分句子成分下的语法攻略第十讲依据句子成分和结构突破特殊句式学案新人教版

1、第十讲 依据句子成分和结构突破特殊句式编者按：英语中的特殊句式通常包括：强调句型、倒装句、省略句、感叹句和there be 句型等。近几年高考在重视对语意、语境考查的同时并没有完全放弃对语言形式、语言知识 类题目的测试。尤其是倒装和强调两局部，在高考中仍占有较大的比重。真题集训一一明考点一、语法填空常考点（2018 北京高考改编）In any unsafe situation, simply （press） the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.解析：press句意：在任何不平安的情况下，只要按

2、一下这个按钮，一个训练有素的 代理人就会给你所需要的帮助。此题为“祈使句+ and +陈述句”结构，所以用动词原形。（2018 天津高考改编）It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house we saw Lily in the passenger seat.解析：that句意：直到汽车停在了我们的房子前面的时候，我们才看到莉莉坐在乘客 座上。此处是强调句型“It 1$（忸5）+被强调局部+ 11 +其他局部”，本句强调的是时间 状语从句。（2017 江苏高考改编） （be） it not for the support of t

3、he teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.解析：Were句意：如果没有老师的支持，这名学生不可能克服她的困难。该句是省略 if的虚拟条件句，if省略后需要将were提前构成倒装。（2017 天津高考改编）It was when I got back to my apartment I first came across my new neighbors.解析：that句意：正是当我回到公寓的时候，我第一次偶然遇见了我的新邻居们。此 处为强调句型It is/was .that .，被强调的是句中的时间状语从句。（2016

4、 天津高考改编）You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel the coach picks up tourists.解析：that句意：你等错地方了。长途客车是在宾馆接游客。去掉it is和空格处后 句子结构依然完整，因此本句是一个强调句，填that。（2016 江苏高考改编）Not until recently （do） they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.解析：did句意：直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与

5、旅游相关的工程。not until 放在句首时句子要使用局部倒装，此处指过去所发生的动作，应使用一般过去时。二、短文改错常考点（2019 全国卷 II）They were two reasons for the decision.解析：They-There根据语境可知，此处表示“（做出）这个决定的原因有两个。本 句应使用there be .句型。（2017 全国卷 I ）The instructor kept repeating the words, “Speed up! ” “Slow down! ” Turning left! ” 解析：Turning-Turn最后一句为祈使句，并和上文中

6、的“Speed up! ”和“Slow down! ”并列，故改为动词原形Turn。（2016 浙江 6 月高考改编）Have the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-related deaths would not have fallen since their highest in 2005.解析：Have-Had句意：要是没有政府和科学家们的合作，与艾滋病相关的死亡人数 就不会从2005年的最高值降下来。由主句使用“would have done”可知是对过去情况的虚 拟，故从句应用had doneo本句为省略if

7、将had置于句首的情况。（2014 四川高考）Today, I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm go off.解析：go-goes句子的主语为a fire alarm,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。（2014 辽宁高考）The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.解析：havef has句子的主语为“The early morning barking”，故谓语动词应

8、用单 数形式。语法精析一一知规那么一、强调句型.强调句型的基本结构：“It is/was +被强调的局部+ that/who +句子其他局部。” 该句型可对句子的主语、表语、宾语、状语等进行强调。当被强调局部是人，且作主语时， 可用who或that,其他情况下一律用thatoIt is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.只有通过倾听和相互理解，父母和孩子之间的问题才可能被解决。名师指津强调主语时，要注意连接词和谓语

9、的一致性。It is our teacher who/that helps us make great progress.正是我们的老师帮助我们取得了很大的进步。.强调句型的一般疑问句结构：“Is/Was + it +被强调的局部+ that/who +句子其他 局部？ ”Was it in the park that he met our new teacher?他是在公园里遇到我们的新老师的吗？.强调句型的特殊疑问句结构：“特殊疑问词+ is/was + it + that +句子其他局部？ ”When was it that he made up his mind to take thi

10、s course?他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的？名师指津由疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时、从句必须使用陈述语序。She doesn，t know who it was that saved her son.她不知道是谁救了她的儿子。. not . . . until 的强调句型结构：“It is/was not until . . . +that +句子其他 局部。”It was not until he got home 30 minutes later that he found he had left his bag in the taxi.直到他到家三十分钟后他才发现他把包落

11、在了出租车上。.强调谓语动词用助动词do, does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈 述句中，do还可以用于祈使句。She did tell me her address, but I forgot all about it.她确实告诉过我她的地址，但我全忘了。二、倒装句（一）局部倒装只把谓语的一局部（多为助动词、系动词be或情态动词）置于主语之前的句子，叫局部 倒装句。这类句型主要有以下几种：.将含有否认意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起局部倒装结构。这类词（组）有：never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by

12、no means, no longer, hardly/scarcely . when . . . , no sooner . than ., not only . but also . ., not until, nowhere, neither . nor . 等。Not until I lost my job did I realize I should improve my working skills.直到我失去工作我才意识到我应该提高工作技能了。. “only修饰介词短语、副词或状语从句”置于句首时，主句要用局部倒装。Only when you can find peace in

13、your heart will you keep good relationships with others.只有当你的心态平和时，你才能与别人保持良好的关系。. so/such .that .结构中的so, such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示 强调时，主句要用局部倒装。Such great progress did he make that he was praised.他取得了如此大的进步以至于受到了表扬。.表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”（so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否认意义）。I sa

14、w the film Ne Zha last week; so did she.上周我看了哪吒之魔童降世这部电影，她也看了。.在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，从句的表语/状语/动词要位于句首，构成倒 装结构。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。Strange as it may sound, if you re unsatisfied, the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of desires.尽管这听起来很奇怪，但是如果你不满意，问题不是缺少满足你的愿望的方法，而是你 根本就没有愿

15、望。.在虚拟条件句中，条件句中的if省略时，助动词had, were, should要提到主语前 面。Should he come, tell him to ring me up.如果他来了，告诉他给我打 。. “may +动词原形”表示祝愿时，通常将 may置于句首，构成倒装语序。May you succeed.祝你成功。(二)全部倒装谓语动词完全置于主语之前的句子，叫全部倒装句。这类句型主要有以下几种：. here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, away, on the wall, in the room 等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语

16、置于句首，且主语为名词时，句子用全部倒装。John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before.约翰翻开 门，他从来没见过的一位女孩站在那儿。South of the river lies a small factory.河的南面有一个小工厂。.有时为平衡句子结构或突出、强调，将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提 到句首，构成“表语+系动词+主语”的完全倒装结构。Present at the party were Mr. Green and many other guests.出席晚会的有格林 先生，还有许多其他

17、的宾客。三、省略句.状语从句中的省略在 as if, if, though, when, where, while, no matter what, until 等弓| 导的犬语 从句中，假设谓语局部含be动词，而主语又与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it时，从句的主 语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。All the photographs in this book, unless (the photographs are) stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.这本书里所有的照片，除非有说明，否那么，都要追溯到20世纪50年 代。.动词不定式的省略在主动语态

18、中，感官动词或使役动词后接不定式作补足语时，往往将不定式符号to省 略；在同一句话或同一情景对话中，当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时，通常省 略该动作而保存不定式符号tOoThe driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to.那名司机想把车停靠在路边，但是警察不允许他这样做。.so/not构成替代省略英语中还常常用so/not等来代替省略的肯定内容或否认内容，so/not多跟在Im afraid/I hope/I think/I guess/I believe 等开头

19、的答句中。一Do you think it will rain?你认为会下雨吗？一I hope so/not我希望下/不下。4.常用的省略结构if ever如果有过的话if busy如果忙的话if anything如果有什么不同 if possible如果有可能的话if so如果那样的话if not如果不的话if necessary如果有必要的话四、there be结构、感叹句和其他特殊句式()there be 结构there be句型中的be可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用。There have been many great changes in our country sin

20、ce then.自从那时起我们 国家就发生了巨大的变化。There must be a mistake somewhere.某个地方一定出错了。there be 句型中的 be 有时可用 seem to be, appear to be, happen to be, used to be, have to be, remain, live, stand, lie, exist 等替换。There seems to be an announcement about the project.关于这个工程似乎有一个通知0There happened to be a man walking by.碰巧

21、有一个人路过。there be结构的常用句式There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义。There is no doubt about . /that .毫无疑问There is no need （for sb.） to do sth.（某人）没有必要做某事。There is （no） difficulty/trouble in doing sth. /with sth.（做）某事（没）有困难/麻烦。There is （no） possibility of （doing） sth. /that .（做）某事（没）有可能性。This doesn，

22、t mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.这并不意味着我们正变得比以前更聪明或是不如以前聪明，但是毫无疑问，我们使用记 忆力的方式正在发生变化。（二）感叹句What （ + a/an）+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！What beautiful flowers they are!多么美丽的花啊！How+形容词+ a/an +可数名词单数+主语+谓语！How clever a boy he is! =What

23、a clever boy he is!多聪明的男孩呀！How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！How high the mountain is!这山真高呀!（三）祈使句祈使句表示请求、命令、邀请、劝告或建议等。一般不出现主语，谓语动词一律用原形; 否认形式一般在动词前加don，to祈使句的强调形式是在句首加dooDo be careful while you are crossing the street.过马路时一定要小心。Don，t get close to that river.不要靠近那条河。应用落实一一通方法一、单句语法填空The parents（Jidn，t tolerate their

24、 kids rudeness at the party, noi、did they allow themselves to be disobeyed.Absurd as/though it might sound, everyone present was amused by his adventure story in Africa.It was not until it grew dark that I realized that it was already too late for us to return home.Not until the early 19th century w

25、ere (be) nail paints changed into the nail polish that we see today.一Who should be responsible for the action?一The boss is to blame. The employees just carried out the order as told (tell).When exposed (expose) to danger and conflict, men tend to increase blood pressure, feeling nervous or anxious.解

26、题技法语法填空解题“2步骤”.注意分析句式结构，确定为何种特殊句式。.根据特殊句式的结构特点填入适当的词。(1)看到倒装句，要注意其谓语动词的人称和数；(2)看到there be句型要注意主谓一致和时态。二、单句改错In a word, once enjoying, the song will never be forgotten, enjoyingf enjoyedI try not to show the passers-by what scared I really am, but its not possible, whatfhow. Hard although he tried, h

27、e was unable to make much progress, althoughf though/asAbout two miles away from my home stand a mountain which is really worth touring, standstandsIt was until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan, was 后力口 notSuch knowledge is still useful when applying to similar situations i

28、n other countries, cpplyingf appliedStopping criticizing your children like this, or they will refuse to tell you their true feelings. Stoppingf StopI received his mothers telephone call at eleven. It was then when I knew that he was badly hurt in a traffic accident yesterday. whenthat解题技法短文改错解题“5关注

29、”“5关注”就是指关注各特殊句式的特点：(1)强调句型由“It is/was.that/who”.构成，把It is/was和that/who去掉后不影响句子的完整性;倒装句分为局部倒装和全部倒装；省略句常考状语从句与不定式中的省略；(4)感叹句需注意其两个感叹词“how”与“what” ；there be句型中应重点关注主谓一致性。三、高考写作佳句（2020 新高考全国卷I写作）比赛不仅提高了学生锻炼的积极性，而且丰富了我们 的校园生活。Not only has the racing improved the enthusiasm of students to exercise, but i

30、t also enriched our campus life.（2020 浙江7月高考写作）我们都认为我们在英语方面的成功应该归功于你。We all think its you that we should owe our success in English to.（2019 全国卷HI书面表达）如果你还有其他问题，一定要告诉我。If you have any other questions, do let me know.只有来到中国，你才能体验中国的饮食文化。Only when you come to China can you experience Chinese food cult

31、ures.（2017 全国卷H书面表达）此外，还有一些著名的艺术家将在现场表演如何剪纸。In addition, there are famous artists performing how to cut paper on the spot.（2017 浙江6月高考写作）正是由于他们的帮助，才防止了一场灾难。It was because of their help that a disaster was avoided.四、根据文意或括号内提示词填空Dealing with homeless families 1. j_s （be） one part of my job. It was from a single mother 2.that the very first call I had w