英语划分句子成分练习题

1、英语划分句子成分练习题及答案（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。（二）主语：主语是一个句子所表达的主体，一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或神情动词后边。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。比方：Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（名词）WeoftenspeakEnglishinclas

2、s（.代词）One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls（.数词）Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure（.不定式）Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（动名词）Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词化的形容词）WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided（.主语从句）Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage（.it作形式主语，真切的主语为后边的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或拥有的特色和状态。

3、动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语此后。谓语的构成以下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2、复合谓语：（1）由神情动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：Wearestudents.（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特色和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）此后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从

4、句表示。比方：OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican（.名词）Isityours（代词）Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词）Thespeechisexciting（.分词）Threetimessevenistwentyone（数词）HisjobistoteachEnglish（.不定式）Hishobby（爱好）isplayingfootball.（动名词）Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（介词短语）Timeisup.Theclassisover（.副词）Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表

5、语从句）（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后边。比方：Theywenttoseeanexhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.（代词）HowmanydictionariesdoyouhaveIhavefive（.数词）Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（名词化形容词）Hepretendednottoseeme.（不定式短语）Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（动名词短语）Ithi

6、nk（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（宾语从句）宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），比方：Lendmeyourdictionary,please（.2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），比方：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完满。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。比方：HisfathernamedhimDongming.（名词）Theypaintedtheirb

7、oatwhite.（形容词）Letthefreshairin.（副词）Youmustntforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou（不.定式短语）Wesawherenteringtheroom.（现在分词）Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介词短语）Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（从句）（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以低等成分表示：Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容词）Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadev

8、elopedcountry（.分词）Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.（名词）HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised（.代词）Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短语）Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（动名词）HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish（.介词短语）（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特色的句子成分，叫做状语。可

9、由以下形式表示：Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副词及副词性词组）Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介词短语）Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（不定式短语）Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分词短语）Waitaminute.（名词）Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（状语从句）状语种类以下：Howaboutmeetingagainatsix（时间状语）Lastnightshedidntgotothedance

10、partybecauseof（the原因rain状.语）Ishallgothereifitdoesn（条件状t语rain）.MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.（地点状语）Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare（.方式状语）Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand（.陪同状语）Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.（目的状语）Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（结果状语）Sheworksveryhardthou

11、ghsheisold（.退步状语）Iamtallerthanheis.（比较状语）练习一一、指出以下句子划线部分是什么句子成分：Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.Hehandedmethenewspaper.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.Thereisgoingtobe

12、anAmericanfilmtonight.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.DoyouhaveanythingelsetosayTobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.WouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddressHesatthere,readinganewspaper.Itis

13、ourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.Henoticedamanentertheroom.Theapplestastedsweet.二、用符号划出以下短文各句中的主语（）、谓语（）、宾语（）：Ihopeyouareverywell.Imfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandImhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntilda

14、rk.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesntof

15、tenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.三、用符号划出以下短文各句中的定语（）、状语（）、补语（）：MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.Itsgre

16、at!Americanseatalotofmeattoomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idont,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina

17、Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.四、选择填空：()1._willleaveforBeijing.A.NowtherethemanB.ThemanherenowC.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow()2.Theweather_.A.wetandcoldwetandcold()3.Theappletasted_.A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet()4.Hegotup_yesterdaymorning.A.latelyB.late

18、C.latestD.latter()5.Theactor_attheageof70.A.deadB.diedC.dyedD.deaded()6._wereallverytired,butnoneof_wouldstoptotakearest.A.We,usB.Us,weC.We,ourD.We,we()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch_.A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly()think_necessarytolearnEnglishwell.A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis()9.Thedog_mad.A.looksB.islo

19、okedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked()willneverforgettheday_Ijoinedthearmy.A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.where练习一：一、1、主语，定语；2、间接宾语；3、谓语，状语；4、定语；5、状语，状语；6、定语，表语；7、宾语，状语；8、谓语，主语；9、谓语；10、主语，表语；11、谓语，宾语；12、状语；13、形式宾语，真切宾语；14、宾语、定语；15、插入语，状语；16、宾语(间宾+直)；17、状语，状语；18、形式主语，表语，宾补；19、宾补；20、表语二、略三、略四、15CBDBB610ACBAB练习二：一、1

20、、简单句；2、复合句；3、简单句；4、简单句；5、并列句；6、复合句；7、并列句；8、复合句；9、简单句；10、简单句二、Ihopeyouareverywell（复合句）.Imfine,buttired（简单句）.RightnowitisthesummervacationandImhelpingmyDadonthefarm（并列句）.Augustisthehottestmonthhere（简单句）.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.（并列句）Sometimeswegoonworkingafte

21、rdarkbythelightsofourtractors（简单句）.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat（并列复合句）.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm（简单句）.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim（复合句）.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest（简单句）.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden（简单句）.Itdoesntoftenraininthesummerhere（简单句）.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarde