初中过去完成时讲解练习

1、优选文档过去完成时一、过去完成时的看法与结构特点看法：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（past-in-the-past）”。-|-|-|-那时以前那时现在构成：主语+had+过去分词（p.p），其中had通用于各种人称。Theyhadalreadyhadbreakfastbeforetheyarrivedatthehotel.Shehadfinishedwritingthecompositionby10：00thismorning.必定句：主语+had+过去分词.否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词.一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词?必定回答：

2、Yes,主语+had否定回答：No,主语+hadnt特别疑问句：特别疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？被动语态：主语+had（hadnt)+been+过去分词二、过去完成时的判断依照由时间状语来判断一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：（1）by+过去的时间点。如：Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineoclocklastnight.2）bytheendof+过去的时间点。如：WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.3）before+过去的时间

3、点。如：TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.由“过去的过去”来判断。过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作以前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：1）宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句。如：Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore.2）状语从句中在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有

4、先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如：.优选文档WhenIgottothestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.注意：before,after引导的时间状语从句中，由于before和after自己已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作亲密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：Wheredidyoustudybeforeyoucamehere?Afterheclosedthedoor,helefttheclassroom.3）表表示愿的动词，如hope,w

5、ish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用过去完成时表示原来，未能Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidnt.依照上、下文来判断。ImetWangTaointhestreetyesterday.WehadntseeneachothersincehewenttoBeijing.三、过去完成时的主要用法过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。如：WhenIwokeup,ithadstoppedraining.我醒来时，雨已经停了。（主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”）过去完成时是一

6、个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作对照较时才使用它。如：Hetoldmethathehadwrittenanewbook.(hadwritten发生在told以前)过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能够走开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与already，yet，still，just，before，never等时间副词及by，before，until等引导的短语或从句连用。如：BeforeshecametoChina,GracehadtaughtEnglishinamiddleschoolforaboutfiveyears.Peterhadcollect

7、edmorethan300Chinesestampsbythetimehewasten.过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时以前已经开始，素来连续到这一过去时间，而且动作还没有结束，依旧有连续下去的可能。如：Bytheendoflastyear,hehadworkedinthefactoryfortwentyyears.（hadworked已有了20年，还有连续进行下去的可能）5.过去完成时还可用在hardlywhen,nosoonerthan刚(就),Itwasthefirst(second,etc)time(that)等固定句型中。e.g：Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakw

8、hentheaudienceinterruptedhim.他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.他刚到就又走了。Itwasthethirdtimethathehadbeenoutofworkthatyear.这是他那一年第三次失业了.优选文档四、过去完成时与现在完成时的差异现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但重视对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为“助动词have(has)+过去分词”；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不但发生在过去，更重申“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作对照较时，才用到它。试

9、比较：Ihavelearned1000Englishwordssofar.到目前为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。Ihadlearned1000Englishwordstillthen.到那时为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。Imsorrytokeepyouwaiting.对不起，让你久等了。Oh,notatall.Ihavebeenhereonlyafewminutes.没什么，我只等了几分钟。（“等”的动作从过去某一时间点连续到现在）Johnreturnedhomeyesterday.约翰昨天回到家的。Wherehadhebeen?他去哪儿了？（答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在retur

10、nedhome以前去了哪些地方，即“过去的过去”）练习一单项选择1Heaskedme_duringthesummerholidays.A.whereIhadbeengone2.What_Jane_bythetimehewassever?A.did,doB.has,doneCdid,did.D.had,done3.I_900EnglishwordsbythetimeIwasten。A.learnedB.waslearningC.hadlearnedD.learnt4.She_livedherefor_years.A.had,afewB.has,severalC.had,alotofD.has,a

11、greatdealof5.Bythetimemyparentsreachedhomeyesterday,I_thedinneralready.AhadcookedB.cookedC.havecookedD.wascooked6.Shesaidshe_theprinciplealreadyA.hasseenB.sawC.willseeD.hadseen7.Shesaidherfamily_themselves_thearmyduringthewar.A.hashidden,fromB.hadhidden,fromC.hashidden,withD.hadhidden,with8.Bythetim

12、ehewastenyearsold,he_.A.hascompleteduniversityB.hascompletedtheuniversityB.hadcompletedanuniversityD.hadcompleteduniversity9.Shehadwrittenanumberofbooks_theendoflastyear.A.forB.inC.byD.at.优选文档10.He_toplay_beforehewas11yearsold.Ahadlearned,pianoB.hadlearned,thepianoC.haslearned,thepianoD.learns,piano

13、.11.What_Annie_bythetimehewasten?A.did,doB.did,didC.has,doneD.haddone12.He_inthefactoryforthreeyearsbeforehejoinedtheArmy.A.hasworkedB.worksC.hadworkedD.willwork13.Bytheendoflastweek,they_thebridge.A.hascompletedB.CompletedC.willcompleteD.hadcompleted14.Benhatesplaying_violin,buthelikesplaying_footb

14、all.A.atheB.thetheC./theD.the/15.Bythetimehewas4,he_alotofGermanwords.A.hadlearnedB.haslearnedC.learnedD.learns16.Jimturnedoffthelightsandthen_theclassroom.A.wasleftB.hadleftC.hasleftD.left17.They_inGuangzhousince2000.A.livedB.hadlivedC.havelivedD.wereliving18.ThetrainfromBeijing_tenminutesago.A.has

15、arrivedB.wasarrivingC.arrivedD.hadarrived19.Thestudents_theirclassroomwhenthevisitorsarrived.A.haveD.havebeencleaned20.Fergie_theprojectinonehour.A.havefinishedB.willfinishC.finishesD.hasfinished21.Theman_hiscoatandwentout.A.putonB.hadputonC.willputonD.wasputtingon二用动词的合适形式填空We_(paint)thehousebefore

16、we_(move)in.Thatricholdman_(make)awillbeforehe_(die).3.They_(study)themapofthecountrybeforethey_(leave).4.Therobbers_(runaway)beforethepolicemen_(arrive).5.I_(turnoff)allthelightsbeforeI_(go)tobed.6.Paul_(go)outwithJaneafterhe_(make)aphonecall.Tom_(say)he_(read)thebooktwice.Ourplan_(fail)becausewe_(

17、make)abadmistake.Whenthechairman_(finish)speaking,he_(leave)thehall.10.TheReads_(have)lunchwhenI_(get)totheirhouse.11.WhenI_(arrive)atthestation,he_(leave).12.We_(learn)about4000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.Iwaiteduntilhe_(finish)hishomework.Weweresurprisedatwhatshe_already_(do)15.She_(notgo)toQin

18、gdaobecauseshe_(be)therebefore.三句型变换.优选文档1Ihadsoldtheticketwhenshecame（.改否定句）2.Shehadsungasongtousbeforeshedanced（改.否定句）3.Theybegantoclimbthemountainaftertheyhadboughtallthefoodanddrinks（.否定）4.By10:00a.m,Ihadbeenveryhungry.（改一般疑问）5.LucyhadalreadycompletedtheprojectwhenIarrived（.改一般疑问）6.Bythetimehegottotheairport,theplanehadtakenoff.（改一般疑问）7.HehadbrokenhisarmwhenIsawhim（.对划线部散提问）8.Whenhehadreadthenote,heateit（.对划线部散提问）9.Jackdidntgotothecinbemacausehehadseenthefilm.（对划线部散提问）10.Weh