英语句子成分英语句子结构讲解总结练习

1、英语句子成分和英语句子构造解说及练习句子成分意义充任词类例句主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么名，代，数，不定WestudyinHuangQiaoMiddle事式，动名词，短语或School.句子谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或怎动词或动词词组Sheisdancingunderthetree.么样宾语表示动作行为的对象同主语BothofuslikeEnglish.表语与联系动词连用，一同组成谓同主语Herfatherisachemist.语，说明主语的性质或特点Hiswordssoundreasonable.定语用来修饰名词或代词形，代，数，名,Wehaveeightlessonseveryday.副

2、，介词短语或句子状语修饰动词，形容词，副词，表副词，介词短语或句Heworksveryhard.示动作发生的时间，地址，原子TheyheldapartyinHollywood.因，目的，方式，结果等宾语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词，名词，介词Shealwayskeepsthehouse补足语短语等clean.主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补协助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可以无！简单句的五个基本句型主语不及物动词主语及物动词宾语主语系动词主语补语Sheishappy主语动词间接宾语直接宾语ShegaveJohnabookShecame.ShelikesEnglish.Sheboughtabookfo

3、rme.主语动词宾语宾语补语ShemakeshermotherangryTheteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.主谓宾名代动词名代we-saw-you.we-did-thework.主系表名代系动词形容次名词代词youarebeautifulyouseemsworried.youareastufent.同样点都三部分，主语也同样不一样动词和系动词，时态同样，否认式不一样动词加助动词，系动词不用表语能够是形容词，宾语不可以只有宾语有补足语2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或许

4、“什么”。往常用名词或代词担当。如：ImMissGreen(.我是格林小姐)2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担当。如：Jackcleanstheroomeveryday.(杰克每日打扫房间)3、表语在系动词以后,说明主语的身份或特点,回答是“什么”或许“怎么样”。往常由名词、代词或形容词担当。如：MynameisPingping.(我的名字叫萍萍)4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。往常由名词或代词担当。如：Hecanspelltheword.(他能拼这个词)有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接

5、宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：Hewrotemealetter.(他给我写了一封信)有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前组成短语,放在直接宾语后边,来重申间接宾语。如：Hewrotealettertome.(他给我写了一封信)5、定语修饰名词或代词,往常由形容词、代词、数词等担当。如：Shanghaiisabigcity.(上海是个大城市)6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,往常由副词担当。Heworkshard.(他工作努力)7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,往常由形容词或动词充任。Theyusuallykeeptheirclassroomclean.(他们往常让教室保持洁净)/

6、Heoftenhelpsmedomylessons.(他经常帮我做功课)/TheteacherwantedmetolearnFrenchallbymyself.(老师要我自学法语)8、同位语往常紧跟在名词、代词后边,进一步说明它的状况。如：WhereisyourclassmateTom(你的同学汤姆在哪里)主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast（名词）Helikesdancing.（代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Seeingisbelieving.（动名词）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式

7、）Whatheneedsisabook.（主语从句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真实主语）(一）指出以下句中主语的中心词Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.Thereisanoldmancominghere.Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.Todotodayshomeworkwithouttheteachershelpisverydifficult.谓语（pr

8、edicate）：是对主语加以陈说，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或许动词词组担当，放在主语的后边。WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.(二).选出句中谓语的中心词Idontlikethepictureonthewall.A.dontB.likeC.pictureD.wallThedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summerDoyouusuallygotoschoolbybusA.DoB.usuallyC.goD.busTherewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisaf

9、ternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon3.表语（predicative）：系动词以后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特点。Heisateacher.（名词）Youdontlookit.（代词）Fiveandfiveisten.（数词）Heisasleep.（形容词）Hisfatherisin.（副词）Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.（形容词化的分词）Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.（表语从句）常有连系动词“存在”类:表示存在或拥

10、有某种特点或状态.这种连系动词重申“存在”。常有的有:be(是),look(看起来),feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是),appear(似乎、显得),prove(证明是),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来)等。比如:Thestorysoundstrue.Thoseorangestastegoodstar.2.“连续”类:表示某种状况或状态的连续。这种连系动词重申“连续”。常有的有:remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保持),continue(连续、依旧),stand(处于某状况或情况)等。比如:Whydontyouputthemeatinthef

11、ridgeItwillstayfreshforseveraldays.Itsalreadyteninthemorning.Thestoreremainsclosed.Whatsthematter3.变“化”类:表示由一种状况或状态变化成另一种状况或状态。这种连系动词重申“变化”后的状况或状态.常有的有:become(变为),turn(变为),grow(变得),get(变得)等。比如:Putthefishinthefridge,oritwillgobadinhotweather.(三)挑出以下句中的表语Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.Whyisheworriedabou

12、tJimTheleaveshaveturnedyellow.SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.tiredworriedyellowinterestedfirst宾语：1）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或许代词担当。放在及物动词或许介词以后。如：IlikeChina.（名词）Hehatesyou.（代词）HowmanydoyouneedWeneedtwo.（数词）Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（动名词）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）Didyouwritedownwh

13、athesaid（宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾AreyouafraidofthesnakeUnderthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3）双宾语-间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney(四)挑出以下句中的宾语Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastc

14、lassSomeofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming.hishomeworkEnglishyourpronunciationnewwordstogoswimming宾补：对宾语的增补，全称为宾语补足语。Weelectedhimmonitor.（名词）Weallthinkitapitythatshedidntcomehere（名.词）Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容词）Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.（介词短语）Dontlethimdothat.Hisfatheradvisedhi

15、mtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（带to不定式）Dontkeepthelightsburning.（此刻分词）Illhavemybikerepaired.（过去分词）（省to不定式）扩展：主补：对主语的增补。Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(五)挑出以下句中的宾语补足语Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.Heaskedhertotakethebo

16、youtofschool.Shefounditdifficulttodothework.TheycallmeLilysometimes.IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnowtoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-roomtotaketheboyoutofschoolLilygetonthebusplayingfootballontheplayground划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语Pleasetellusastory.Myfatherboughta

17、newbikeformelastweek.Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.Didheleaveanymessageforme定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。Yanlingisachemistryteacher.（名词）Heisourfriend.（代词）Webelongtothethirdworld.（数词）Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（形容词）Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)Thewomanwithababyinh

18、erarmsismysister.(介词)TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.（此刻分词）Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.（过去分词）YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定语从句）(六)挑出以下句中的定语TheyuseMr.,Mrs.withthefamilyname.WhatisyourgivennameOnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.Themandownstairswast

19、ryingtosleep.familygiventhirdsomedownstairs7.状语：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。表示时间、地址、原由、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和退步。（以下例句按上述次序摆列）Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidntstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuc

20、h.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.(七)挑出以下句中的状语Therewasabigsmileonherface.Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.onthefaceEverynightwhenhewaselevenunderherarmfastWiththemedicinebox八、同位语当一个观点词在前，后边的词、词组或许句子是在解说前者时，并且二者的语法功能同样，后者就是前者的同位语。Mr.Black,ourEnglishteacher,isagoodtennisplayer.我们的英语老师布莱克先生是个优异的网球手。Football,theonlyinterestinlife,hasbroughthimmanyfriends.足球-他独