人教版高中英语专题复习讲义课件名词和冠词

1、第一讲名词和冠词第二部分 第一讲名词的数变化规则例词一般情况下在词尾直接加s以s、 x、 ch、 sh结尾的名词在词尾加es以辅音字母加y结尾的名词将y变为i再加es以元音字母加y结尾的名词在词尾直接加stabletablesparkparksbusbusesboxboxeswishwisheswatchwatchesfamilyfamiliesbutterflybutterfliesdictionarydictionariesdaydaysholidayholidaysmonkeymonkeys变化规则例词以o结尾的名词一般在词尾加s有些在词尾加es以f或fe结尾的名词一般变f或fe为v,

2、再加es少数直接加sphotophotosradioradioszoozoospotatopotatoestomatotomatoesheroheroesknifekniveswifewiveslifelivesleafleavesroofroofsbeliefbeliefs(2)有些名词的复数形式不是以加s或es构成， 它们的不规则变化构成形式如下：变化规则例词变内部元音词尾加en或ren单复数同形manmenwomanwomenfootfeetmousemicegoosegeesetoothteethoxoxenchildchildrenfish, sheep, deer, means(方

3、式； 方法), series, Chinese, Swiss2.不可数名词的数一般来说， 物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的， 因此没有复数形式， 一般也不能用a或an修饰。 通常只用作不可数名词的名词有： milk, homework, housework, weather, news, information, bread, advice, progress, equipment, meat, fun, luggage, furniture, wealth, word(消息), room(空间), man(人类)等。 1表示某种特征、 状态、 情感的抽象概念的不可数名词， 可以与不定冠词a(n)

4、连用， 表示具体的人或物。 主要有： 抽象名词具体化抽象名词具体意义surprise惊讶success成功pride骄傲pleasure高兴pity同情failure失败relief安慰concern关心beauty美丽a surprise让人吃惊的人或事a success成功的人或事a pride让人骄傲的人或事a pleasure令人高兴的事a pity令人遗憾的事a failure失败的人或事a relief令人感到宽慰的事a concern关心的事a beauty美丽的人或事2.注意某些物质名词可个体化为可数名词， 如a coffee一杯咖啡； two teas两杯茶； a paper

5、一篇论文等。 考查名词固定搭配在具体语境中的运用。 常见的固定搭配：名词的固定搭配动词名词介词名词have/ gain access to取得的使用机会in great demand需求量很大take place发生beyond recognition认不出来take advantage of利用out of question毫无疑问make room for为腾出空间on condition that以为条件， 只要make contact with与取得联系on the whole从整体而言， 总的来说make a compromise妥协in possession of拥有catch s

6、ight of突然看见in the distance在远处give a solution解决beyond belief难以置信单句语法填空1(2016太原模拟)The little boy ate so many_(potato) and so much meat that he threw up at dawn. 2(2016临沂二模)The ALS makes peoples muscles become hard. It is hard for the patients to move. Stephen Hocking is one of the_(suffer). 3As we kno

7、w, New Zealand is famous for its beautiful scenery and _(place) of interest.potatoessufferersplaces4(2014全国卷语法填空)While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the _ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. 5. (2015全国卷语法

8、填空)In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their_(able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment. 6. Its too early to declare his efforts to be a_(successful)changesabilitysuccess冠词的基本用法1不定冠词的基本用法(1)用在第一次提到的人或物的名词前， 表泛指。 At that time, I was

9、working in a factory. The factory produces various car parts. 那时， 我在一家工厂工作。 那家工厂生产各种汽车零部件。 (2)表示数量“一” 或“任何一个” 。 What would you like?你想喝点什么？ I would like a coffee and two beers. 我想喝一杯咖啡和两瓶啤酒。 (3)用于序数词前， 表示“又一， 再一” 。 He missed the gold medal in the high jump, but he will get a second chance in the lon

10、g jump. 他在跳高比赛中错失了金牌， 但是在跳远比赛中他还有机会。 2定冠词的基本用法(1)特指前面已提及的人或物， 或双方都知道的人或物。 Take your timeits just a short distance from here to the restaurant. 不着急从这里到那家餐馆只有很短的一段距离。 (2)用于单数可数名词、形容词或分词前，表示“一类人或物” 。 The explosion saw people rush to help the injured. 爆炸发生后， 人们赶到现场帮助受伤的人。 (3)用于序数词和形容词或副词最高级以及形容词only, ve

11、ry, same等之前。 Yang Liwei is the first man who has been into space in China.在中国杨利伟是第一个登上太空的人。 (4)用于被限制性修饰语加以限定的人或物前。 (2015重庆高考单项填空)I just heard the bank where Dora works was robbed by a gunman wearing a mask. 我刚听说多拉工作的银行被一个戴面具的持枪人抢劫了。 3零冠词的基本用法(1)用于表示泛指的不可数或复数名词前。 Keeping a diary is a good habit, by w

12、hich youll make great progress. 记日记是一个可以让你取得进步的好习惯。 (2)用于与by连用的表示交通工具、 通讯工具的名词前。 Are you going there by plane or by ship?你是乘飞机还是乘船去那里？ (3)用于系动词turn后的单数名词作表语时。 After years of hard work, Tom turned engineer while Mary good manager. 多年的努力工作之后， 汤姆成了工程师而玛丽成了一名优秀的经理。 1常用固定结构(1)用于“bythe表示计量单位的名词” 结构中， 表示“按

13、计算” 。 Its said John will be in a job paying over $60, 000 a year. 据说， 约翰将获得一个年薪超过6万美元的工作。 Right, he will also get paid by the week. 是的， 他的工资将按周支付。 (2)用于“the比较级.the比较级.” (越越)结构中。 The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make. 你越小心， 就会越少犯错误。 冠词用于固定搭配中2冠词用在固定短语中(1)不定冠词用于固定短语中at a loss不知所措，

14、 困惑all of a sudden 突然in a hurry 匆忙的as a rule 通常be on a visit 参观； 拜访as a matter of fact 事实上as a result 因此be on a diet 节食have a gift for 在某方面有天赋have/catch a cold 感冒make a living 谋生have/take a rest 休息in a way 从某种意义上说give sb. a lift 让某人搭便车(2)定冠词用于固定短语中at the moment 此刻； 目前at the same time 同时not in the le

15、ast 一点也不on the contrary 相反on the whole 总的来说to tell the truth 说实话in the distance 在远处on the other hand 另一方面to the point 中肯； 切题make the most/best of 充分利用by the way 顺便说一下go to the cinema/theater 去看电影/戏剧in the middle of 在中间in the family way 怀孕(3)零冠词用于固定短语中on purpose 故意地by chance 碰巧catch/on fire 着火at dawn

16、/dusk 在黎明/黄昏out of date 过时by sea 乘船单句语法填空1(2015全国卷语法填空)The adobe dwellings(土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even_most modern of architects and engineers. 2(2016河南高考适应性测试)We can broaden our horizons and know more about the world by watching_latest news and rep

17、orts. thethe3(2016南昌二模)Lionel Messi, _player from the South American country of Argentina, is the greatest soccer player alive today. 4(2016河南普通毕业班适应性练习)English is now_international language. It is used in many aspects. 5The experiment turned out to be _ complete failure, which wasnt what they wante

18、d.6(2016河南罗山高中二模)I said, “You tell your sweet nephew that there are still nice people left who want to give them_hand in this world.” aanaa单句改错1(2016太原二模)Three years ago I failed an important exam in my life and became a student in a ordinary school. _2(2016河南六市第一次联考)Last Sunday I saw a worst storm in years. It came suddenly and went on for more than three hour