英语语法英语句子成分分析

1、英 语 语 法 英 语 句 子 成 分 析Modified JEEP on 2020.句子是照一定的语规律组的，表达一完整的义。一个句一般由部分构，即主语部和谓语分，这两部也叫做子的主要成。句子次要成包括宾语，语，状，表语等。子成分句子中起一功用的 成部分1）主：是一句的体，是句述说的对，常用词，数词或词担任 一般放句首。如：Students study. (生学习)We are friends.(们是朋 )这两句中单词 students 是个名词，we 是代，它在句中主语。2）谓：是对主语以陈述表示主语的为或状，常用动词者动词 组担任放在主语的面。如Students study. (生学习)

2、We are friends. (们是朋)这两句中单词 study are 都是动，study 叫做意动，are 叫做 be 动词，它们在中作谓。3）宾：表示行为对象，由名词或者词担任放在及物动或者介 之后。：They are teachers. ( 他们是老。)I play with ( 我和一起玩。这两句中单词 teachers 名词，词 him 是词，它在句中作宾。4）定：是用来说或者限名词的成分常用形词或者相当形容词短语或句担任。形词放在词之前，相于形容的短语或从放在名 的后面如：This is a red sun.(这是个太阳.)He is a tall boy.他是个个子男孩。这两

3、句中单词 red 和 tall 都形容词它们作定语）状是用来说明词，形词，副词或个句子成分。常由词担任修饰动时可以放在词之前也可以放在词之后修饰形容词副词时 在它们前。如：The students study hard. 些学生学习力。 )I often write to him. (常给他信。)The bag is too heavy. 个书包重了。)这三句中单词 hard 和 often 饰的都动词，第三话中单 too 修饰 的是形词，它们都状语。）表：用来说明语的性或状态。一由名词者形容词担。如： This table is long. (个桌子长的。)通常情下,主语和语前的分是定语，语

4、前的分是状语，间词作语 放在句后面。句子成分分如下：（定语 主语 （状语 谓语 （定语） 宾语 （状语）如：(The tall) boy (often) go (to big) zoo.(The happy) child went (his) home yesterday.请分析面句子的结说出各成分1）I have two sisters. （有两个姐。）2) They dont swim very well.他们游不太好。）3) Do you go school day （你每天去学吗）4) I really want a cup of tea. 我真的要一杯茶。5) Miss Smith

5、teaches English very well.（密斯先教英语非常 好。）语法其并没有一些想象的么可怕，其里面有多趣味。第一讲 英句子成WARM-UP：1)The teacher in the classroom. 2)Sang manysongs and happily. 3)She attracts. people living in country. 5)All the books on desk over 以上这形式都不能成英语子。英语句(sentence)=语+谓语（核心主动词）英语句成分歌英语句八呀八大块补语跟宾语表语跑状语的置它自由自，浑身的病真呀真不，I八大成分的概和构成主

6、谓宾真呀真实在定语同（语）专把词踹。 忽右忽随心所欲摆前后乱它还会加塞（ RAP）1主名词代形)句子的体，是谓语述，说的对象。If you want the rainbow you have to put with rain. 不经历雨，怎么见虹。The secret of success is start from scratch and keep on scratching.成功的诀在于从磨开始，要坚持不断练。充当主的形式：1名词2）代3）名短语4）名词从句）数词6）不定 式7）-ing 式8）词短语少见）形式主（名词从句不定式动名词）（第六讲语和宾语）2谓：表示主语行为或行的活动。I h

7、ave a dream.You dont always want what need, or need what you want.所需之未必皆所欲所欲未皆所需。谓语形：动词（英句子的魂）3宾：行为或活的对象接受者或受响者。You dont find opportunitiesyou make them.你找不机会。你得创造机。You probably t hear opportunity knock if your television is always on.如果你开着电视，就可能不到机会的门声。充当宾形式：1）名2）代词3）词短语4名词句5）词6）不定式 7）-ing 形式形式宾（名词

8、从句不定式动名词）（第六讲语和宾语）4表：说明主语身份和况。(跟系动词)Time is money.Three clock always too or early for anything want do.你想做么事，三点总是太或太迟。构成形：1）名词2）形词3）词4）数词）不定6）ing 形7）过 去分词8）副词9）介短语10）小词11）名词句5补：补充说明（由动类别来决定构成形：1）名词2）代3）形词4）数词5不定式6）-ing 形7）过 去分词8）介词短语9副词小品词10）名从句主语补Tom was monitor.宾语补I made monitor.表语补I am sure to su

9、cceed.6.定语：名词性形式行范围定。7. This is beautiful There are only two kinds of musicgood and bad.自古音分两种，好和坏的构成形：1）限定2）形容词3名词4）数词）不定6）-ing 形7） 过去分8）词短语9）副10）系从句8.同位语对被修饰对进行补说明或进一解释。Puff, the magic dragon, lived by the 构成形：1）名词2）代3）名短语4）数词）不定6）-ing 形式7） 名词从9.状语：饰词，短语从句和句。位置：由自在1）修性状语：修动词，容词，副词（时间地点，肯定否定， 度，频，方

10、式，伴，原因目的，比较）。Can you feel the love tonightHome never so good as when you come back from getting away from it.只有出又回家时，才最感切。2）连性状语：连上下文顺序，递进转折，步，结果，论，比 较）。First comes spring, then summer.Ive never been to America, therefore I don t know much about it.3)述性状：修饰整个子，表说话人的看或态度Frankly speaking, the food is

11、not good.II成分关系1补跟着宾语表跑：补语跟宾语和表语后面构宾补和表补把有宾的句子变成动语态 则宾补变成了主补To love makes us happyto love ourselves makes lonely.（补）We are made happy to love others we are made lonely to love ourselves.（主补）爱他人我们幸福，自己使们孤单。2定，同位（语专把名踹：定语，位语修饰名性形式Experience is the teacher.（定语所修饰形式为词）They are going to Melbourne, the be

12、autiful city in southern Australia.同位语所修的形式名词）3谓动词由状语饰When you reach for the stars, you may not quite get one, you won come up with a handful of sand either.你想摘天上的星星可能一也摘不下；也不会无所获。1、主：(1)由词、代词人称代用主格、动词定式、名词等充当说明动作是“谁”发出。如：The painter painted a nice picture. ( 画家画了一幅亮的画。) / They fought against SARS b

13、ravely. ( 他勇敢地与非搏斗。 / To see is to believe. 耳听为虚见为实. /Helping animals is to help people. 帮助物就帮助人。)(2)动不定式或动词做主时可用 it 替,而不定式或动词移至语或语之后如：It very comfortable to have a Class A during the long journey. ( 长途旅中能有个甲座位简太舒服了。)/ Eating too much is bad for health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.) (

14、得太多你的身体不。 (3)口中常见主语 “主-系”省略：(It nothing. )没什么。(It) doesnt matter. (那没有关。) / (I) thank you. 谢谢 你。)(4)反问句的附加句 ,主语须是代：The man looksworried,doesnt he 这个人看上去很着急不是 ) Tigers dangerous animals, t they 虎是危的动物是吗 )(5)祈句一般省略语。加语时往往用指定某人。 Keep thekeyboards clean, children. (子们请持键盘清洁。 ) (省略了语)/ You go there and f

15、etch me a glass of water. 你给我弄杯水 来。)(6)主一般在句首但在问中会处于第位和句；倒装句及 there be 句型主语动词之后。：Computers are in this factory. ( 算机生产这家工厂。) Where are 他们在哪儿 / Does boy like staying home (个男孩欢呆在里吗)(7)主与谓语必须持单、数的一致 而语与表语或语之间有这一要求。Neither nor Rose has passed the exam. (Jim Rose都没有过考试。) / The Chinese people are a hardw

16、orking brave people. (中华民族是个勤劳勇敢民族。(8)主可以由从句当 ,详见主语从句”。2、谓：(1)由“不及物动词”、及物动+宾语”或“系动词+表语”等构成说明主语 表示的物“干什么”或怎么样。如：He travelled in for the time.(他次在太旅行。 ) /Who teaches you English this 今年谁教你们的语) / The pizza has gone bad. 块烤馅已经变坏。 /(2)谓动词必须反出人称单复数、时等信息,谓动词往由下列词语依序排构成：情动词+态助动+语态助词+主要动词不一定部出现)(见词的时和语态构成) 记

17、住：谓语部第一 个动词往是变形动。如：I am sorry I am making so much noise but I have to. ( 不起我发出了大的声音但只能这。) / He cant have finished readingthe 800long novel. 他不可能完了那长达 800页小说。)/ Something must be done stop fowl from spreading out. 该采取措施止禽流感延。)(3)谓动词切忌用 行动词1 + 原动词”、“be + 原形动词”。记住使下列正确形：态动词+原形动词如：Youd better go over le

18、sson.（你最 好复习一课。） will/ would+形动词如：They should have there once.（他们该去过儿。）现在分或者过分词。如：What are you doing this evening（今晚打算做什么/ Many trees have cut down since 1970s.自从20世纪 70代大批木被砍伐。过去分词。如：Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.意思同上）般时问句和定句中do/does/did+形动词。：He does notenjoy himself much. （他日过的不。） / Di

19、d of you see dinosaur eggs你们当有谁见过恐蛋吗）为动词1+行动词 不定式、动词、现分词过去分等形式 。如：He made up his mind to be vet.他拿定意要做个兽。）/ Feeling good yourself is essential to feeling good about life.自尊自是享受生活根本。 / They wake theother family members, calling,Merry Christmas!”（们叫家庭的其成员,呼喊：圣诞乐！）/ The kings of ancient Egypthad strong

20、 tombs for themselves.古代的埃及国王人给他 们自己建坚固的坟。）(4)不用形容词、词、代、副词、介短语等立作谓语,必须此之 加连系词。(5)谓动词单复数式：单形式的动词： is,was,has,does 以“动词+s”；复数式的词有：are,were,have 以及动词原。其他动词分 单、复。谓语部第一个动词形式单数形复数形一般现时 be(是)词；现在某时态和语态助动词 am (单一); are ( 单); is 单三;are一般过时 be(是)词；过去某时态和语态助动词 was (一); were (二); was;(单 )were一般现时 have(有)动；现在完时态

21、的助动 have (单); have ( 单二; has (单三);have一般现时行为动词助动词 do (单一单二); does 单三 )do实意动和连系动词一般现时动词（否和疑问除外）原形动单一、二);动词+s /es (三 )原形动其他各态语态的谓动词单复数式相同记住：语、谓语单数必须持一致。（见“4、名词或代作主语时和语之间单复数的一问题：”） Air and is necessary to us all.(空气和对于我大家是必不少的。(6)一问句和反意句的回不使用行为词 ,应该使“是”动词、情动词、助词(be,will,have,do 及变形)。：The Olympic Games

22、isheld every other year, it Yes, it is.( 奥运会每两年举一次 , 是吗是。)3、宾：(1) 名词、词(人称词要用格 )、不式、动词、宾语)句充当,表示动的承受者是谁”或者“何物”。： The angel also came toJoseph and told him the same thing.( 那天使同样来约瑟夫前并且告他同样的事。)(代词和词充当个宾语 ) / He told me the company could not afford to pay him so money.( 他告诉我公司付不起那么多钱。不定式宾语 ) / They enj

23、oy watching football games so much that they forget their lessons.(他们如喜爱看球以至于常忘记了们的功课。)(动名作宾语) / think to a childrens doctor very rewarding.( 我认 为当个童医生是很得的。)(句作宾语)(2) 有及物词或介才有宾语,不及动词没宾语,如果及到事,则必须在不物动词后面合适的词。Listen to the radio. (listen 不及物动词故加 to) / Can hear anything exciting(能听到什么 令人兴的消息吗)(3) 语一般在及

24、物词或介词的面 但是在问句中,如果语是疑问词则宾语放在句首。词的宾如果是疑问,则可以放在介后或句首。：What did see (看见了什) / What does he write letterwith 他用什写的信 / With what he write a letter ( 他什 么写的)(4)“动+副词+语”结构中,如果语是代,则代词必放在“动”“”之间。如Please put the shoes away. (请把鞋收起来) / Pleaseput away shoes. 请把鞋子收起来 ) / Please put them away. 请把它们起来。)(5) 词后面双宾语可以采

25、用两结构：词+间接宾语(人+直接语(物)。如： He often gives me some help. 他常常我。 词+直接宾语+词间接宾语。注,一般情况词用 to,动词是make, buy, borrow ,介词用 ： Please make a kite. 请给我做风筝。) Please make kite for me.(6) “动词+宾语+补”结构,如果语是不定式动名词宾语从句,则常用 it 做形宾语而将实的宾语到补语后面。如：I found the rather difficult. 我觉这工作相难做。) / found rather difficult to do the job

26、.(7) 语可以从句充 ,详见“宾从句”。4、表：(1) 明主语身份、质、状况等义的成 ,通常由形容词副词、词短语、名、代词等充。如： became doctor after he left highschool.(高中毕业他上了医。) / The rubber wheels are overthere.(胶轮子在那。 ) / He not feel eating anythingtoday because he has a bad cold.(他天不想吃任东西因 为他得重感冒。) / Who is 呀)(2) 语只能在连系词 (如：be,look,become,turnget,grow,fe

27、el,seem) 之后对表语行提问句子除外。(3) 词做表一般用格 ,口语常用宾如：Its I. (Its me.)是。(4) 能作表的形容有：sorry,afraid,alone,asleep,awake,ill,well,sure,interested 等等He was terribly sorry for his carelessness.(很为他的粗而歉疚。) / Please make no noise here; the baby is 请要发出响,婴儿熟睡呢。 / I am only interested sitting aboat and doing nothing at al

28、l!(我是对独坐孤无所事感兴趣。 / I am not alone in thinking so.( 并只有我这样想的。(5) 语也可由从句当 ,详见表语从”。5、定：(1) 饰名词代词的分 ,常由容词、词(含有格)、代词(物主、示、疑、不定、介词语、不式(短语当,在三阶段学习了定语句做定的知识。如Put it in top 它放在最层的抽里。) / France Switzerland European countries. ( 法国和瑞士欧洲国家。) His mother and father are both collegeteachers.(的父母是大教师。 / This is the

29、 day that I can never forget in my life.(这是我一辈子难的日子 )(2) 词做定时一般在被修饰的词前面,而且一定的次序冠词/物代年龄/形状大小/温度色彩来源质地/材料目的/用途被修饰名词(中心)athemyhisold,young,red,yellow,blue,Chinese,English,American,wooden,woolen,glass,silk,papermeeting,tennis,sports,reading,swimming,box,shoes,room,piglong,short,round, squarebig, large,small, littlehot, cold,warm, cool(3) 时副词(now,then,today,yesterday,.) 、点副词(here,there,back,in,out,home,.作定时放在被修的名词面。如：I could not find my way out, so stayed all along. 我找不到去的路所以就直呆在那儿 )(4) 词短语饰名词只能放在名的后面 The monkey in cage was caught ( 子里的子是昨天逮的。)(5) 容词修复合不代词时 ,往往置。如He remem