酒精分类 标准及用途

1、酒精分类、标准及用途Ethanolclassification,standardand酒精广泛应用于食品、化学、医药、染料等行业，酒精又是十分重要的清洁能源。通常，酒精按含杂质多少分为：无水酒精、食用酒精、工业酒精。Ethanolwidelyappliestomanyindustriessuchasfood,chemistry,medicine,dyeandetc.Ingeneral,ethanolisdividedtoanhydrousethanol,edibleethanolandindustrialethanolaccordingtoitsimpuritycontent.一、无水酒精An

2、hydrousethanol无水酒精产品质量执行中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T678-2002化学试剂一无水乙醇标准。TheproductquantityofanhydrousethanolexecutethestatecriteriaofthePeoplesRepublicofChinaGB/T678-2002名称Name优级纯Guaranteereagent分析纯Analyticallypure化学纯Chemicalpure乙醇的质量分数Massfractionofethanol(CH3CH2OH)/%299.8299.7299.5密度Density(20)/(g/mL)0.7890.79

3、10.7890.7910.7890.791与水混合试验Testmixwithwater合格Qualified合格Qualified合格Qualified蒸发残渣的质量分数Massfractionofevaporationresidue/%W0.0005W0.001W0.001酸度(以H+计)Acidity(byH+)/(mmol/100g)W0.02W0.04W0.1碱度(以OH-计)Alkalinity(byOH-)/(mmol/100g)W0.005W0.01W0.03水分的质量分数Massfractionofwater/%W0.2W0.3W0.5甲醇（CH3OH）的质量分数Massfra

4、ctionofmethanol（CH3OH）/%W0.02W0.05W0.2异丙醇（方3）2CHOH的质量分数Massfractionofisopropanol（CH3）2CHOH/%W0.003W0.01W0.05羰基化合物（以CO计）的质量分数Massfractionofcarbonylcompound（byCO）/%W0.003W0.003W0.005易炭化物质合格合格合格ReadilycarbonizablesubstanceQualifiedQualifiedQualified铁（Fe）的质量分数W0.00001Massfractionofferrum(Fe)/%锌(Ze)的质量分数

5、Massfractionofzinc/%W0.00001还原高锰酸钾物质(以O计)的质量分数/%Massfractionofreducingpotassiumpermanganatesubstance(byO)/%W0.00025W0.00025W0.0006用途：化学试剂、化学原料、防腐剂、消毒、燃料、有机溶剂等。Application:chemicalreagent,chemicalmaterial,preservative,disinfection,fuel,organicsolventandetc.二、食用酒精Edibleethanol食用酒精产品质量执行中华人民共和国国家标准GB10

6、343-2002适用于谷物、薯类、糖密为原料，经发酵、蒸馏而制成的含水酒精，为食品工业专用的食用酒精。TheproductquantityofedibleethanolexecutesthestatecriteriaofthePeoplesRepublicofChinaGB10343-2002,whichappliestotheaqueousethanolmakefromgrains,yamsormolassesasrawmaterialandthroughfermentationanddistillation.Itistheappropriativeedibleethanolforfoodi

7、ndustry.食用酒精GB10343-2002标准EdibleethanolGB10343-2002Standard一、感官要求Senserequirements项目Item特级Extragrade优级Finegrade普级Commongrade具有乙醇香，无异味无异臭气味SmellHasethanolaroma，objectionalodornonoobjectionalodor口味taste纯净、微甜pure,subtlysweet纯正、微甜pure,subtlysweet较纯正Comparativepure理化要求Analyticalrequirements指标名称tem单位Unit(

8、GB10343-2002)特级Extra优级Fine普级Common色度ChromaW号No.101010酒精含量Ethanolcontent2%(v/v)96.095.595.0硫酸试验SulfuricacidW号No.51060氧化时间Oxidationtime2Min403020总醛（以乙醛计）Totalaldehyde（byWacetaldehydemg/l1330甲醇MethanolWmg/l250150正丙醇NormalpropylalcoholWmg/l235100异丁醇+异戊醇Isobutanol+isoamylolWmg/l1230总酸（以乙酸计）:alacid（byacet

9、icacid）mg/l71020总酯（以乙酸乙酯计）Totalester（byethylacetate）Wmg/l101825不挥发物NonvolatilematerWmg/l102025重金属(以Pb计)Heavymetal(byPb)&mg/l1氰化物(以HCN计)Cyanide(byHCN)Wmg/l5*用途：白酒、饮料、乙酸乙酯、丁醇、丙酮、医药等。Application:distilledspirit,drink,ethylacetate,butanol,acetone,medicineandetc.三、工业酒精工业酒精产品质量执行中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T394.1-94适用于

10、谷物、薯类、糖密为原料，经发酵、蒸馏而制成的含水工业酒精。其杂质指标比食用酒精宽松。按其生产的酒精不得用于食品、饮料。TheproductquantityofindustrialethanolexecutesthestatecriteriaofthePeoplesRepublicofChinaGB/T394.1-94,whichappliestotheaqueousethanolmakefromgrains,yamsormolassesasrawmaterialandthroughfermentationanddistillation.Itsimpurityindicatoriseasiert

11、hanedibleethanol.Theethanolthatproducedfollowingthisstandardcannotbeusedforfoodanddrink.工业酒精GB/T394.1-94标准IndustrialethanolGB/T394.1-94standard项目Item指标Index优等品High-classproduct一等品First-rateproduct合格品Qualifiedproduct粗酒精Crudeethanol夕卜观Appearance无色透明液体淡黄色液Colorlessandclearliquid体Faintyellowliquid色度/号Ch

12、roma/No.W10气味Smell无异臭noobjectionalodor乙醇Ethanol(20,(V/V)%296.0295.5295.0295.0硫酸度验号SulfuricaciddegreesCheckNo./minW10W80W氧化时间Oxidizationdegrees/min23021525醛（以乙醛计）W530Waldehyde(byWacetaldehyde)/mgL1杂醇油(以异丁醇+异戊醇计)Fusel(byIsobutanol+isoamylol)/mgL-21W10W80W甲醇Methanol/mgLW800W1200W酸(以乙酸计)acid(byaceticacid)/mgL1W10W20酯(以乙酸乙酯计)ester(byethylacet