物理化学英文课件：chapter06 Reaction Equilibrium in Ideal Gas Mixtures

1、Chapter 6Reaction Equilibrium in Ideal Gas MixturesPhysical ChemistryChapter 6Chemical Potentials in an Ideal Gas MixtureChemical Potential of a Pure Ideal Gas(4.36)isothermal, pure ideal gasisothermal, pure ideal gas(6.1)pure ideal gas, Po1 bar(6.2)(4.86)*one-phase pure substancePhysical ChemistryC

2、hapter 6Chemical Potentials in an Ideal Gas MixtureFig. 6.1 T is fixedP/Po - o0123RT-RT-2RTFor a pure ideal gasPhysical ChemistryChapter 6Chemical Potentials in an Ideal Gas MixtureFig. 6.2 An ideal gas mixtureIdeal gas mixture at T and PPure gas mixture at and Tmembrane (1) (2) The mixture is separ

3、ated by thermally conducting rigid membrane permeable to gas i only, and ideal gas mixture(6.3)Physical ChemistryChapter 6Chemical Potentials in an Ideal Gas MixtureFig. 6.2 Ideal gas mixture at T and PPure gas mixture at and Tmembrane ideal gas mixture(6.3)ideal gas mixture(6.4)*The fundamental the

4、rmodynamic equationNo intermolecular interaction, no effect on from other gases in the mixture.Physical ChemistryChapter 6Chemical Potentials in an Ideal Gas MixtureFig. 6.1 (modified)Pi/Poi - i o0123RT-RT-2RTFor an ideal gas mixturePhysical ChemistryChapter 6Ideal Gas Reaction EquilibriumFor the id

5、eal-gas reaction(4.36)the equilibrium condition(6.4)*Physical ChemistryChapter 6Ideal Gas Reaction Equilibrium(6.5)Physical ChemistryChapter 6the equilibrium conditionIdeal Gas Reaction Equilibrium(6.6)(6.7)Physical ChemistryChapter 6Ideal Gas Reaction Equilibrium(6.7)(6.8)Physical ChemistryChapter

6、6the equilibrium conditionIdeal Gas Reaction Equilibrium(6.9)(6.10)Physical ChemistryChapter 6(6.11)*Ideal Gas Reaction Equilibrium(6.12)(6.11)*(6.13)*(6.14)*(6.15)Physical ChemistryChapter 6(6.10)Ideal Gas Reaction Equilibrium(6.15)(6.9)Since depends only on T, for a given ideal-gas reaction is a f

7、unction of T only.At a given temperature, is constant for a given reaction. the standard equilibrium constantthe standard pressure equilibrium constantPhysical ChemistryChapter 6Ideal Gas Reaction Equilibrium(6.19)Since is dimensionless, the standard equilibrium constant is dimensionless. has dimens

8、ions of pressure raised to the change in mole numbers for the reaction as written. the equilibrium constantthe pressure equilibrium constant(6.13)*Physical ChemistryChapter 6Ideal Gas Reaction Equilibrium(6.23)(6.13)* the molar concentration(6.21)* ideal gas mixture(6.22)Physical ChemistryChapter 6I

9、deal Gas Reaction Equilibrium(6.23)n/molsame dimension as Po(6.24)(6.13)*Physical ChemistryChapter 6Ideal Gas Reaction Equilibrium(6.24)(6.13)* the standard equilibrium constantthe concentration equilibrium constant the standard equilibrium constantthe standard pressure equilibrium constantPhysical

10、ChemistryChapter 6Ideal Gas Reaction Equilibrium(6.23)(6.25)(6.26)(6.27)Physical ChemistryChapter 6vant Hoff EquationFrom (6.14)(6.31)(6.9)(6.32)Physical ChemistryChapter 6vant Hoff EquationFrom(6.31)(6.33)(6.34)(6.32)Physical ChemistryChapter 6vant Hoff Equation(6.36)*(6.34)(6.32)Physical Chemistry

11、Chapter 6Gibbs-Helmholtz EquationPhysical ChemistryChapter 6Gibbs-Helmholtz EquationWhen it is applied to changes Physical ChemistryChapter 6Differentiation of lnKPo with respect to temperature givesvant Hoff EquationFrom (6.14)(6.36)*The differentials are complete because K and G depend only on tem

12、perature, not on pressure. Using Gibbs-Helmholtz equationPhysical ChemistryChapter 6vant Hoff Equation(6.36)*(6.37)(6.38)(6.39)Physical ChemistryChapter 6vant Hoff Equation(6.36)*(6.40)The vant Hoff equation is an expression for the slope of a graph of the equilibrium constant (specially, lnK) plott

13、ed against the temperature. It may be expressed in either of two ways:Physical ChemistryChapter 6Ideal Gas Reaction EquilibriumThe equilibriumextent of reaction the reaction quotient(6.41)The reaction goes to rightThe reaction reaches equilibriumThe reaction goes to left(6.19) the equilibrium consta

14、ntThe extent of reactionPhysical ChemistryChapter 6Simultaneous EquilibriaA system with several simultaneous reactions that have species in common.(6.47)(6.48)Physical ChemistryChapter 6Simultaneous EquilibriaAt 600 K, CH3Cl(g) and H2O(g) react to form CH3OH, and then form (CH3)2O with a simultaneou

15、s equilibrium shown:(1)Starting with equal amount of CH3Cl and H2O, find the equilibrium amounts of all species. (2)Physical ChemistryChapter 6Simultaneous EquilibriaSuppose that a system initially contains 1 mole of CH3Cl(g) and H2O(g), x moles of HCl and y moles of (CH3)2O are formed at equilibrium.(1)(2)1-x1-x+yx-2yxx-2yy1-x+yPhysical ChemistryChapter 6Simultaneous EquilibriaSuppose that a system initially contains 1 mole of