汽车英语精品课件

1、汽车英语第1页，共25页，2022年，5月20日，9点39分，星期四 UNIT 1 AUTOMOTIVE BASICS TEXT A The Basic Components of an AutomobilePROFESSIONAL ENGLISH第2页，共25页，2022年，5月20日，9点39分，星期四 UNIT 1 AUTOMOTIVE BASICS TEXT A The Basic Components of an Automobile Engine Chassis Body Electrical Equipment本次课学习内容第3页，共25页，2022年，5月20日，9点39分，星

2、期四本次课学习目标掌握汽车主要部件的英文名称掌握各类汽车的英文名称掌握常用术语（ PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS）了解翻译的标准第4页，共25页，2022年，5月20日，9点39分，星期四NEW WORDScomponent kmpunntn.成分，组成，部件，零件chassis sin.底盘transmission trnzminn.变速器，传动, 传动系统，传送，发射lubrication lu:brikeinn.润滑Ignition igninn.点火, 点燃Ignite ignaitv.点火, 点燃boost bu:stv.升压，推进，增加，增压，提高filter fi

3、ltn. 滤清器，滤波器, 过滤器carburetor k:bjuretn.化油器combustible kmbstbla.易燃的第5页，共25页，2022年，5月20日，9点39分，星期四radiator reidieitn.散热器, 冷却器，辐射体hollow hlua.空心的, 虚伪的；n.洞, 窟窿, 山谷；circulate s:kjuleitv. (使)循环, (使)流通defroster di:frstn.除冰(或霜)装置sludge sln.软泥, 淤泥hood hudn.发动机罩 styling stailin.花式样streamlined stri:mlainda.流线型的

4、, 现代化的sedan sidnn.轿车, 轿子enclosed inklouzda.封闭的, 密闭的pick-up pikpn.拾波器，皮卡（轻型货车），传感器第6页，共25页，2022年，5月20日，9点39分，星期四gross grousa.总的, 毛重的; n.总额coach koutn.四轮大马车, 长途客车, 教练rigid riida.刚硬的, 刚性的, 严格的axleksln.轮轴, 车轴articulated :tikjuleitida.铰接(的), 有关节的capacity kpsitin.容量, 生产量, 才能, 能力commuterkmju:tn.长期月票使用者luxu

5、rious lgzjurisa.奢侈的, 豪华的suspension sspennn.悬架，悬浮, 悬浮液, 暂停, 中止, 悬而未决differential difrenln.差速器，微分；a.微分的，差动的第7页，共25页，2022年，5月20日，9点39分，星期四clutch kltn.离合器hydraulic haidr:lika.液压的，水压的，水力的isolate aisleitv.隔离, 孤立, 绝缘，查出（故障）course k:sn.过程, 经过, 进程, 方针, 路线, 跑道, 课程manoeuvre mnu:v=maneuvre v.策划, 调动, 演习, 操纵，机动（动

6、作）；n.策略, 调动drum drmn.鼓, 鼓声；v.击鼓pedal pedln.踏板第8页，共25页，2022年，5月20日，9点39分，星期四spark-ignition engine 点燃式发动机compression-ignition engine 压燃式发动机storage battery 蓄电池ignition coil 点火线圈charging circuit 充电电路combustion chamber 燃烧室passenger compartment 乘客室，乘客舱window defroster 风窗除霜器motor oil 机油( =engine oil )sheet

7、 metal 钢板，金属板PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS第9页，共25页，2022年，5月20日，9点39分，星期四trunk deck 行李箱盖multi-purpose van (MPV) 多用途厢式车commercial vehicle 商用汽车power train 传动系，动力装置propeller shaft 传动轴 ( = drive shaft )torque converter 液力变矩器gear ratio 传动比flexible joint 柔性接头axle shaft 半轴road wheel 车轮brake lining 制动器摩擦衬片第10页，共25

8、页，2022年，5月20日，9点39分，星期四The Basic Components of an Automobile Todays average car contains more than 15,000 separate, individual parts that must work together. These parts can be grouped into four major categories: engine, body, chassis and electrical equipments.Engine The engine acts as the power uni

9、t. The internal combustion(易燃的） engine is most common: this obtains its power by burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder. There are two types of engine: gasoline (also called a spark-ignition engine点燃式发动机 and diesel (also called a compression-ignition engine压燃式发动机). Both engines are called

10、heat engines; the burning fuel generates heat which causes the gas inside the cylinder to increase its pressure and supply power to rotate 轮流，旋转a shaft connected to the transmission 1.第11页，共25页，2022年，5月20日，9点39分，星期四 All engines have fuel, exhaust, cooling, and lubrication systems. Gasoline engines a

11、lso have an ignition 点火，点燃system. The ignition system supplies the electric spark火花 needed to ignite the air-fuel mixture in the cylinders. When the ignition switch开关 is turned on, current flows from the 12-volt伏特 storage battery to the ignition coil点火线圈. The coil boosts the voltage电压 to produce the

12、 strong spark of 20,000 V needed to ignite the engine fuel. The automobile supplies all the electricity it needs through its electrical system. For example, the electrical system supplies electricity for the ignition, horn, lights, heater, and starter. The electricity level is maintained by a chargi

13、ng circuit充电电路. 第12页，共25页，2022年，5月20日，9点39分，星期四 The fuel system stores liquid fuel and delivers it to the engine. The fuel is stored in the tank, which is connected to a fuel pump by a fuel line. The fuel is pumped from the fuel tank through the fuel lines. It is forced through a filter into the car

14、buretor化油器 where it is mixed with air, or into the fuel injection注射注入 system. The fuel is mixed with air to form a combustible易燃的 mixture in the carburetor, the manifold, or the cylinders themselves 2. The cooling system removes excessive过度的 heat from the engine. The temperature in engine combustion

15、 chambers燃烧室 is about 2,000( 1,094 ). Since steel melts at around 2,500(1,354), this heat must be carried away to prevent engine damage. Air and a coolant are used to carry away the heat. The radiator is filled with a coolant. The water pump circulates this coolant through the hollow空心的 walls of the

16、 engine block and head. Constant circulation of the coolant through the engine and the radiator removes heat from the engine. 第13页，共25页，2022年，5月20日，9点39分，星期四Heat also is removed by the radiator fan, which draws air through the narrow fins of the radiator. This system also supplies heat to the passen

17、ger compartment乘客室 and the window defrosters风窗除霜器. The lubrication system is important in keeping the engine running smoothly. Motor oil 机油is the lubricant used in the system. The lubrication system has four functions: 1. It cuts down friction by coating moving parts with oil. 2. It produces a seal

18、between the piston rings活塞环 and the cylinder walls. 3. It carries away sludge泥, dirt, and acids酸味物质. 4. It cools the engine by circulating 流动，循环the motor oil.To keep this system working efficiently, oil filters and motor oil must be changed regularly. All other moving parts in an automobile must als

19、o be lubricated. 第14页，共25页，2022年，5月20日，9点39分，星期四Body An automobile body is a sheet metal 钢板shell with windows, doors, a hood, and a trunk deck行李箱盖 built into it. It provides a protective covering防护罩，防护涂层 for the engine, passengers, and cargo. The body is designed to keep passengers safe and comforta

20、ble. The body styling provides an attractive, colorful, modern appearance for the vehicle. It is streamlined流线型的，现代化的 to lessen 减少，变少wind resistance抵抗，阻力 and to keep the car from swaying摇摆 at the driving speeds. A sedan轿车 has an enclosed封闭，密闭 body with a maximum of 4 doors to allow access to the pas

21、senger compartment. The design also allows for storage of luggage or other goods. A sedan can also be referred to as a saloon and traditionally has a fixed roof顶部. There are soft-top versions 描述，看法of the same body design except for having 2 doors, and these are commonly referred to as convertibles可改

22、变的 (Fig. 1-1). 第15页，共25页，2022年，5月20日，9点39分，星期四Figure 1-1 Sedan and convertible第16页，共25页，2022年，5月20日，9点39分，星期四 Multi-purpose vans (MPV) 多用途厢式车can be based on common sedan designs or redesigns so that maximum cargo space is available. The pick-up carries goods. Usually it has stronger chassis componen

23、ts and suspension悬架 than a sedan to support greater gross毛重，总额 vehicle mass大量. The bodies of commercial vehicles商用车 that transport goods are designed for that specific purpose. Buses and coaches长途客车 are usually 4-wheel rigid 刚硬的，死板的，不变的vehicles, but a large number of wheels and axles can be used. So

24、metimes articulated铰接的，有关节的 buses are used to increase capacity. Buses and coaches can be single-deck or double-deck. Buses are commonly used in cities as commuter长期月票使用者 transports while coaches are more luxurious used for long distances.第17页，共25页，2022年，5月20日，9点39分，星期四Chassis The chassis is an asse

25、mbly of those systems that are the major operating parts of a vehicle. The chassis includes the power train传动系, suspension悬置架构, steering, and brake systems.Power Train The power train system comprises包含，包括 clutch, transmission, propeller shaft传动轴, rear axle and differential and the driving road whee

26、ls. The clutch or torque converter液力变矩器 has the task of disconnecting and connecting the engines power from and to the driving wheels of the vehicle. This action may be manual or automatic.第18页，共25页，2022年，5月20日，9点39分，星期四 The main purpose of the transmission or gearbox变速箱 is to provide a selection of

27、 gear ratios传动化 between the engine and driving wheels, so that the vehicle can operate satisfactorily under all driving conditions. Gear selection may be done manually by the driver or automatically by a hydraulic液力的，液压的 control system. The function of the propeller (drive) shaft is to transmit the

28、drive from the gearbox to the input shaft of the rear axle and differential assembly. Flexible joints柔性接头 allow the rear axle and wheels to move up and down without affecting operation.第19页，共25页，2022年，5月20日，9点39分，星期四 The rear axle and differential unit transmits the engines rotational power through

29、90from propeller shaft to axle shaft 半轴to road wheels车轮. A further function is to allow each driving wheel to turn at a different speed; essential when cornering because the outer wheel must turn further than the inside wheel. A third function is to introduce another gear ratio for torque multiplica

30、tion.Suspension System The axles and wheels are isolated孤立 from the chassis by a suspension system. The basic job of the suspension system is to absorb the shocks caused by irregular road surfaces that would otherwise be transmitted to the vehicle and its occupants, thus helping to keep the vehicle

31、on a controlled and level course, regardless of road conditions 3.第20页，共25页，2022年，5月20日，9点39分，星期四Steering System The steering system, under the control of the driver at the steering wheel, provides the means by which the front wheels are directionally turned. The steering system may be power assiste

32、d to reduce the effort required to turn the steering wheel and make the vehicle easier to manoeuvre.Brake System The braking system on a vehicle has three main functions. It must be able to reduce the speed of the vehicle, when necessary; it must be able to stop the car in as short a distance as possible; it must be able to hold the vehicle stationary. The braking action is achieved as a result of the friction developed by forcing a stationary不动的，静止的 surface (the brake lining) into contact with a rotating surface (the drum or discEach wheel has a br