完形填空解题技巧讲稿

1、关于完形填空解题技巧课件第一张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月 【考纲要求与说明】 完形填空全面考查学生在阅读理解基础之上运用词汇和语法的能力和水平。 解题过程要求考生根据文章的整体内容，区分结构的层次和内容的逻辑关系，对语篇中的缺失信息进行猜测、推断、验证的过程，通常我们可以借助语篇的上下文线索以及文化背景知识等进行解题。阅读过程中多注意体会作者的写作意图，加强分析推理能力。第二张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月1. 以叙为主, 叙议结合;2. 篇章短小, 意义完整;3. 首句完整, 主题明确;4. 结构清晰, 层次分明;5. 考查语境, 侧重辨析;6. 实词为主, 虚词为辅;7

2、. 逻辑推理, 隐于语篇;8. 常识语法, 经常出现。形散意不散 貌离神不离【高考完型命题特点】第三张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月年 份体 裁题 材作者学习美式手语的经历及感受。运输司机冒险救援事故车辆。2017 记叙文2016 记叙文2015 记叙文（夹叙夹议） 奉献爱心，助人为乐。（赠人玫瑰，手留余香）【近三年全国卷体裁题材特点】第四张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月【近三年全国卷考点分布】年份名词动词形容词副词连词短语其他20157题6题3题3题1题20164题4题2题1题3题4题1题20175题9题5题1题主要考查名词、动词、形容词、副词，占90% 以上。第五张，PPT

3、共六十页，创作于2022年6月 原词复现同义、近义复现 并列关系 转折关系 让步关系 解释关系语法项目较少考查 顺序关系 因果关系词汇手段语法手段 逻辑手段语篇信息（语境理解）考查内容 第六张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月备战完形填空能力必备一、快速阅读能力二、词汇辨析能力三、词汇搭配的理解能力四、逻辑推断能力五、运用常识能力六、揣测作者意图的能力第七张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月技巧点拨1. 注意上下文语境（context) 词汇复现、同现2.运用词义辨析 （comparison）3.掌握习惯搭配（phrases & idioms）4.掌握熟词生义 （new meaning

4、s）4.了解背景常识（common sense）5. 运用语法分析（grammar analysis)第八张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月跳过空格，通读全文， 把握大意再读全文，反复检查结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案瞻前顾后，先易后难， 个个击破 完形填空的解题步骤把握整体具体分析第九张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月1、跳读领会大意（23分钟） 速读全文要一气呵成，尽管有空格、生词或不明白的地方，仍要快速读下去。通过通览全文、领会大意，概略地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构层次、情节、写作风格等等。完形填空解题三部曲:跳读-试填-复核 第十张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月

5、。 2. 试填-瞻前顾后 上下求索(8-10分钟) 先易后难，逐层深入。紧扣全文内容，联系上下文和语境，展开逻辑推理，注意从上下文中寻找线索，注意词汇的意义、搭配，惯用法，语法，常识等多个角度进行综合考虑。第十一张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月3 复核-全面检查，确保语意连贯(2-3分钟) 试填后，要把全文再通读一遍 ，注意看所选答案填入空白处后能否做到文章意思通顺、前后连贯、逻辑严谨、结构完整、首尾呼应。第十二张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月词汇题1.复现 同现第十三张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月词语复现 词语复现是指某一个词以原词或同义词等方式在同一篇中重复出现。

6、语篇中的句子通过复现关系达到相互衔接的目的，词语复现又可分为原词复现、同源词复现（又叫同根词复现）、同义或近义词复现（包括与近义词的同根词复现，如ill与sickness）、上下义词复现（即总括与分述，如food是bread、milk、rice等的上义词；r是flower 的下义词）等。第十四张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月1.( 2017全国卷I) While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that

7、 exploration. After that, feeling the need to_52_ further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL clubs meetings.52. A. exercise B. explore C. express D. explain 原词,同根词重现.第十五张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月 2. ( 2015全国卷I) Then my 17-year-old suggested giving him a _47_. I thought about it. We were _48(low)_ on cash

8、 ourselves, but When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for _54(whatever)_ his family might need, he burst into tears.47. A. dollar B. job C. hot meal D. gift card the gift card原词重现第十六张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月3.(广东卷)there are many ways to prevent this from happening:hanging a knife over t

9、he babys head while he slept or covering him with some of his fathers clothers were just two of the recommended _27_.A. cases B.tools C.steps D.methods解析:methods与前文中的ways同义词复现第十七张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月4. (2017全国卷II) I had advised the kids that while verbs may be dull, most of the _50_things they do thr

10、oughout their lives will be verbs. 50.A.simple B.unique C.fun D.clever 解析:fun与 dull为反义词复现第十八张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月5.(2011四川卷)We fell in love. In the beginning , I didnt want to discuss _, because the sadness of losing Mum still felt great. Paul understood that and never pushed me but, by summer, we go

11、t married.A.travel B.business C.children D.marriage解析：marriage与文中的 married 属同根词复现。第十九张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月6.(湖北卷)he taught her how to rely on her other _,specially her hearing.A.feeling B.organs C.skills D.senses解析:senses为hearing的上义词复现第二十张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月7.I did very badly at school. My headteache

12、r thought I was _ and when I was 14 he said , “You are never going to be anything but a failure.”A.bright B.useless C.simple D.hopefulB利用首句信息第二十一张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月8.The school decided that when the driver opened both the front and back door, students who were getting off the bus should get off fir

13、st, and students who were getting on should get on _.A. sooner B.later C.faster D.earlierB 词语同现。词语同现：某些语义相关联的词语在语篇中共同出现的性，叫词语同现，也有人称之为“词场”。同现词之间有反义或相对关系，或者同类互补关系等。如：different vs same, cruel vs friendly, death&destruction第二十二张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月9.These tell the story of a mother whose baby grows and

14、paleA. sick B. slim C. short D. smallA解析：与pale 同现的单词，应该是sick。第二十三张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月10.On_ days, she wore heavy clothes and a pair of woolen gloves. A.sunny B.rainy C.cloudy D.snowy解析:与heavy clothes 和 woolen gloves 同现的应该是snowy days。D 第二十四张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月2.词义辨析第二十五张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月1.( 2017全国卷

15、I) I watched as the ASL Club _47_their translation of a song. Both the hand movements and the very _48_of communicating without speaking_49_ me.47. A. recorded B. performed C. recited D. discussed48. A. idea B. amount C. dream D. reason49. A. disturbed B. supported C. embarrassed D. attracted解析：根据句中

16、的关键词watch可知，作者看到美式手语社团的成员表演(perform) 。record 记录; recite背诵; discuss讨论.48 题和49题手部动作和无须用语言交流的想法（idea）吸引（attract）了我。第二十六张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月2. I climbed the stairs slowly, carrying a big suitcase, my father following with two more. By the time I got to the third floor, I was 1 and the same time feeling

17、lonely.1. A. helpless B. lazy C. anxious D. tired解析：在把握上文“我提着衣箱缓慢地上楼梯”的情况下，可知答案为D. tired，即当我到达三楼时，已经很累了；第二十七张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月3.( 2017全国卷II) In 1973, I was teaching elementary school. Each day 27kids_ “The Thinking Laboratory.A. built B. entered C. decorated D.ran解析：根据上文一句，作者在一所小学教学，孩子门当然是每天进入（ent

18、er）思想实验室了。built 建造; decorate 装饰； run跑步，经营第二十八张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月4.(2014全国卷I）My wheelchair experiment was soon 54 . It made a deep impression on me. A few hours of “disability” gave me only a taste of the 55 (challenges) , both physical and mental, that disabled people must overcome. 54. A. forgotte

19、n B. repeated C. conducted D. finished语境-词义辨析第二十九张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月3.习惯用法和固定搭配第三十张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月311. (2013 江西) “You shouldnt swim that day, ” the man 45 (advised ) . “There is a storm coming up.”“You should mind your own 46 !” Diane replied and walked into the gentle waves.46.A. business B. S

20、wimsuit C. friends D. parentsMind your own business! 不要多管闲事！第三十一张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月2. (2014全国I) For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about 43 with their new toys. 43. A. workingB. livingC. playing D. going语境-固定搭配play with(toys)第三十二张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月33 3.(2012全国新课标) Body languag

21、e is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks 36 than words 36. A. straighter B. louder C. harder D. furtherAction speaks louder than words. 习语谚语:事实胜于雄辩第三十三张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月4.熟词生义第三十四张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月1.One afternoon，the headmaster called my friend to discuss one essay wit

22、h him in a lively spirit. “I was interested in this48 you make here. I think you might have gone further. Tell me what you had in your mind.”A.aim B. goal C. point D. opinionpoint 观点，要点第三十五张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月2.He came back to me like a man who had had a very narrow 54 and I made up my mind to make

23、every effort to study my translations.A.surprise B.escape C.hope D.chancenarrow adj.勉强的，好不容易的a narrow victory 险胜 第三十六张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月3.Scott and his companions were terribly disappointed. When they got to the South Pole, they found the Norwegians（挪威人）had beatenthem in the race to be the first ev

24、er to reach it. After37the British flag at the Pole, they took a photograph of themselves beforethey started the 950-mile journey back. A. growing B. putting C. plantingD. layingplant vt. 立稳，竖立，安放第三十七张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月4.Today I decided to look up the word “hero” in the dictionary to see exactly wh

25、at it meant. It_ “a person who does something brave”. As I read on, it also said “a person who is good and noble” A.wrote B.told C.described D.readread vt.(指示牌等)写着，（仪器等）显示第三十八张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月5.He thenreturned to his office,satisfiedthat if a picture is worth a thousand words, then the four photo

26、s must be a good31! He sat down with a smile.His wife32those pictures. She carries them in her purse now and shows them to anyone who asks if she is married A.description B.preparation C.excuse D.lectureA.tored B.saved C.developed D.destroyedlecture n. 教训，训斥 save v. 保留，保存第三十九张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月4.生活

27、常识和文化背景第四十张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月 1.（2013全国卷I） As soon as I sat down, my 41 made the chair begin to roll. Its wheels were not 42（locked） . 41. A. height B. force C. skill D. weight 生活常识常识、背景知识2. Born in America , I spoke English not Chinese， the language of my ancestors . When I was three , my parents

28、flashed cards with Chinese 36 at my face , but I pushed them 37 (aside ) , 36. A. custom B. games C .characters D. language 第四十一张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月3： It was an early morning in summer. In the streets, sleepy-eyed people were moving quickly, heading towards their1 . This was the beginning of another

29、 2 day in New York City.1. A. jobs B. homes C. buses D. offices2. A. working B. hot C. same D. ordinary解析：按生活经验，人们起床后，各自奔向自己的工作岗位。而这种情况是天天发生，是平平常常的，因此2题答案是D. ordinary。A. jobsD. ordinary第四十二张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月4. When I was just 20 months old, I suffered serious_13(burn)_ after a bowl of hot oil fell

30、 on my head. I was _14_ to hospital and had to stay there for weeks while the doctors _15_for my life.14.A. rushed B. led C. invited D. forced15.A. learned B. fought C. returned D.decided解析：根据背景常识，在孩子受伤后，肯定会被快速送往医院。rush 急忙地送（。到某地）。急诊病人被送医院后，医生定会竭尽全力抢救。fight 为而战，为而努力争取。第四十三张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月1.语法手段2

31、.逻辑手段句际关系1.语法手段第四十四张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月（2015全国卷I） When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for _54_ his family might need, he burst into tears. 54A. whoeverB. whatever C. whicheverD. whenever语法-连接代词第四十五张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月 逻辑手段2.逻辑手段让步关系转折关系因果关系解释关系顺序关系并列关系第四十六张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月识别语篇

32、标志,理清逻辑关系语篇关系是指句群,段落,篇章之间的关系。联系他们之间的词语被称为语篇标志词。常见的语篇标志性的词语有以下几种:顺序关系:firstly,secondly,thirdly等;因果关系:thus,therefore,so等;递进关系:besides,whats more,further等;转折关系:but,while,yet,however等 做完型时,如果能充分利用这些标志性词语,就能迅速理请文章的脉络,弄清上下文关系。第四十七张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月1. (2017全国卷I) Yet instead of being discouraged by my _pr

33、ogress, I excited.A. slow B.stead C.normal D.obvious转折关系第四十八张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月 2. Our father was a struggling 36(lawyer) , but I always knew he was 37(special) . He never criticized us, but used 38 to bring out our best. 38. A. help B. peace C. smile D. praise转折关系第四十九张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月3.（2013全国卷

34、I） My hands started to ache as I 51 (turned) the heavy metal wheels. I came to know that controlling the 52 (direction) of the wheelchair was not going to be a(n) 53 task.53. A. easy B. heavy C. major D. extra因果关系 第五十张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月 4.(2014全国卷I) The world is full of 46 stamp albums and unfinish

35、ed models, each standing as a monument to someones 47 （passing） interest. 46. A. well-organized B. colorfully-printed C. newly- collectedD. half-filled 同类并列关系第五十一张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月 5. First of all, a pen should fit comfortably in your hand, . Then the writing point of the pen 52 ,the pen should ma

36、ke a thick, dark line. 52. A. Meanwhile B. Generally C. Afterwards D. Finally顺序关系第五十二张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月 失分原因: know why出错主要原因有两类：一是：基础知识不牢，词汇障碍严重。二是文章整体阅读能力低。因此完形填空的训练重在落实，体现在：全篇主要意思是否明白；重要动词（或短语）是否会用；中西文化背景是否清楚；语境中词语筛选是否合理；是否根据常识进行推理；惯用法及搭配是否恰当；是否纠正了平时的习惯错误。第五十三张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月如何提高能力技巧一、提高阅读能力

37、（速度、理解）二、打好语法基础 （固定搭配）三、扩充词汇量（动词、名词）四、增长生活常识，培养广泛的兴趣爱好五、多做多练，以提高实战能力第五十四张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月复习备考首先要熟练地掌握学过的全部语法知识，牢记习惯用法。特别是动词短语；注意对动词、名词、形容词、副词等词汇意义的真正理解，要懂得词汇的内涵、外延、褒贬及一定的修辞色彩。注意它们的同义词、近义词、反义词及其辨析。其次要有计划地多做一些完形填空的练习，多阅读一些短文，增强英文阅读能力，提高理解能力第五十五张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月 【真题演练 】新课标2015全国卷I解题三部曲：读-填-读第五十六张

38、，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月 My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. On the way, we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said, “ 41 my job. Family to Feed.” At this store, a 42 like this is not normal. My 10-year-old noticed him and made a 43 on how bad it must be to have to

39、stand 44 in the cold wind.In the store, I asked each of my kids to 45 something they thought our “friend” there would 46. They got apples, a sandwich and a bottle of juice. 41. A. Quit B. Changed C. Lost D. Finished42. A. condition B. place C. sight D. show43. A. suggestion B.comment C. decision D. call44. A. by B. proudly C. outside D. angrily45. A. draw B. say C. arrange D. pick46. A. appreciate B. supply C. order D. discover语境、词义上下文第五十七张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月Then my 17-year-old suggested giving him a 47. I thought about it. We were 48 on cash ourselves, butwell, sometimes 49 from o