选修8 -名词性从句

1、主语从句Stepl：找出下列各句的主语1.Youareastudent2.Atreehasfallenacrosstheroad.Smokingisbadforyou.4.Tofindyourwaycanbeaproblem.Step2：找出下列各句的主语。Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.Whowillgototheconcertisnotknown.Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.Whydinosaursdiedoutremainsapuzzle.Howtheywillsolvetheseriousproblem

2、todayhasnotbeendecided.Whatsurprisedmemostwasthatthelittlegirlcouldplaytheviolinsowell.Itsstrangethatheknowsnothingaboutit.Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake.ItissaidthatPresidentHuJingtaowillvisitourschoolnextweek.小结归纳主语从句的引导词有Step3:用适当的词填空，使句子意思完整。hedidntattendthemeetingyesterdaywasntquiteclear.T

3、heForeignMinistersaid,“Itisourhopethetwosideswillworktowardspeace.”comestothepartywillreceiveapresent.Itsreportedthreepeoplewerekilledintheaccidentandfivewerehurtbadly.hesolvedtheproblemsuccessfullyinterestedallofus.Weusuallythinkwecantgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.ItisafactEnglishisbeingacceptedasan

4、internationallanguage.Step4:翻译下列句子Whetherhecanfinishthetasksuccessfullyisuncertain.Itisnecessarythateverybodyhasadictionary.Whokilledthescientistisstill(remains)apuzzle.Whateveryousaidmaydoharmtoothers.Itisprobablethathehasforgottenourappointmenttoday.宾语从句（TheObjectClause）（一）定义及结构1宾语从句的概念：宾语从句在复合句中作

5、主句的宾语2句子结构：主句+连词（引导词）+宾语从句.如：Iknowhim.（简单句）主语谓语宾语Iknowwhoheis.（复杂句）主语谓语连词从句主语从句胃语.主句从句,.引导词连接词：that;whether,if;连接代词：who;whom;whose;which;what;whatever;whoever等连接副词：when;where;why;how（二）宾语从句的引导词.当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略LinTaofeels（that）hisownteamiseve

6、nbetter.在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad,ashamed，proud，pleased，satisfied，confident等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句。Imsorry（that）Idontknow.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因为if/whether翻译成：是否，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略;如果从句中有or或ornot,则只能用whether不能用ifLilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.Idon

7、tknowwhethershewillcomeornot.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词(what,who,whom,which,whose)或连接副词(when,where,how,why)引导，因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略Idontknowwhyhelookssosad.IaskedhimwhereIcouldborrowsomuchmoney.Doyouknowwhattimetheplaneleaves?Payattentionto：带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句Couldyoutellushowmuchitcoststof

8、lytoHainan?Couldyoutellushowoftenyougoabroadforaholiday?？Couldyoutellushowlongthemeetingwilllast？4.“it”作形式宾语it作形式宾语，代替宾语从句。这是为了保持句子结构平衡。Shetookitforgrantedthathersonwouldstudymedicine.她想当然地认为她儿子会学医的。Shehasmadeitclearthatshewasntresponsiblefortheaccident.她澄清了她不对这个事故负责。Wethinkitimportantthateveryonesh

9、ouldobeythetrafficregulation.我们认为人人遵守交通规则是非常重要的。即学即练Theyoungmanaskeditssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whetherWedontknowtheydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.whichTheteacherasksusJimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattimeIwonderheiscryingnow.A.thatB.whyC.howD.whenThechairmanthought_necessarytoinv

10、iteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.(05全国)A.thatB.itC.thisD.him(三)宾语从句的时态.如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）*Iknowheliveshere.*Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.*Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，

11、过去完成时）*Iknewwholivedhere.*Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.*Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.*Hesaidthathehadseenit.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。*Theteachersaidthatthesuntravelsaroundtheearth.即学即练1.Heaskedme.wheredidMr.GreenliveC.whereMr.GreenlivedwhereMr.GreenlivesD.wheredidMr.Greenlived.When

12、Iwasveryyoung,myteachertoldme.theearthwentaroundthesunC.theearthgoesaroundthesuntheearthwasgoingaroundthesunD.theearthhadgonearoundthesun.-Couldyoutellme?-Yes,hetoUSA.whereheis;hasgoneC.whereishe;hasbeenwherehewas;hasgoneD.wherewashe;hasbeen（四）宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,wh

13、at,when,where,how,why等表疑问时，不能按正常语序安排,经常将这类引导词置于句首Payattentionto：1.could/would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。Couldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourtickets?Couldyoutelluswhichgatewehavetogoto?Wouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomeback?.如果主句的谓语动词是ask时，连词不可能是that；如果主句的谓语动词是say时，连词用thatShesays(that)shewillleave

14、amessageonhisdesk.Hesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthechild.如果从句中含有or或ornot时，只能用whether而不用ifCouldyoutellmewhetherthatsafasttrainornot?Doyouknowwhetherheisrightornot?Idontcarewhetherhellstayhereornot.连词if和when在不同从句中的区别：Doyouknowifbacknextweek?Ifheback,pleaseletmeknow.CA.hecomes,willcomeB.willhecome,

15、comesC.hewillcome,comesD.hewillcome,willcome主句从句一般将来时一般现在时祈使句含有情态动词Idontknowwhenhe(come).Icantwaithereanymore.Whenhe(come),pleaseletmeknow.Wouldyoupleaseaskhim(call)me?连词+宾语从句连词+todoIdontknowwhatIshalldonext.Idontknowwhattodonext.Shedidntdecidewhichoneshewouldchoose.Shedidntdecidewhichonetochoose.Pl

16、easetellmewhomyoullgivetheletterto.Pleasetellmewhomtogivetheletterto.表语从句（一）定义.定义：在复合句中做系动词的表语的从句叫做表语从句。.引导词：连接词：that;whether;asif;asthough连接代词：who;whom;whose;which;what连接副词：when;where;why;how;because(二)表语从句引导词注意事项.that引导表语从句时不能省.if不能引导表语从句.除that外的所有引导词都有自己的意义.除that,whether外的所有引导词都须在从句中充当相应的成分连接词用法：

17、1)that在表语从句中既不充当成分，又没有意义。Thefactisthathehasntrecoveredfromillnessyet.2)whether在表语从句中表是否，但不充当句子的成分。Whatthedoctorreallydoubtsiswhethermymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.3)what在表语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语表示什么，什么样子，或所的(人或事)”.Thequestioniswhatcausedtheaccident.Thatmountainisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.Whathetol

18、dyouwaswhathadbeendiscussedatthemeeting.4)who在表语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语表示“谁”.TheproblemiswhocoulddotheworkMytroubleiswho(whom)Icanturnto.5)which在引导表语从句时,常充当定语,表语表示“其中哪一个”。Ireadaboutitinsomebookoranother,butwhatIdontknowwhich(book)itis.6)由asif,asthough引导表语从句，表示好像。句子中的系动词常用look,appear,seem等。Itlooksasifitisgoing

19、torain.Theyoungmanwithlonghairlooksasifhewereagirl.7)当主句的主语为reason,或者是由why引导的从句时，与它们相关的表语从句用that来引导,而不能由because引导;because引导表语从句时只能用于t/That/Thisis/wasbecauset/That/Thisis/wasbecause句型中.ThereasonwhyIwaslatewasthatImissedthetrain.Iwaslate.It/That/ThiswasbecauseImissedthetrain.8)当表语从句中主语、宾语、表语具备，但是还是要表示

20、疑问含义，可以判断句子中缺少状语，常常用相应的特殊疑问词引导，有why,when,where,how等Thisishowhedidit.Thatiswhythebrotherswantedtomakeabet.Thatswhywevegivenyoutheletter.即学即练hereallymeansishedisagreeswithus.A.WhatthatB.ThatwhatC.WhatwhatD.ThatwhatTheenergyismakesthecellsabletodotheirwork.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.suchSeetheflagsontopofthe

21、building?Thatwaswedidthismorning.(06全国)A.whenB.whichC.whereD.whatShelookedsheweretenyearsyounger.A.thatB.likeC.asD.asthoughWhatIwanttoknowishelikesthegiftgivenbyus.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.不填Thereasonwhyhefailedishewastoocareless.A.becauseB.thatC.forD.becauseof(三)表语从句的总结性句型.)The+名词(problem,truth,fact,et

22、c)be+that从句Thefactisthatheisneverlateforschool.Hedidntreadlastmonth.Thereasonisthathedidnthavesparetime.Thereasonwhyhedidntreadmuchlastmonthisthathedidnthavesparetime.)This/Thatis+从句(where/how/why/because.)ThatiswhereheworkedbeforemovingtoBeijing.Hefailedtheexamlastweek.Thatisbecausehefellill.Hefell

23、illlastweek.Thatiswhyhefailedtheexamlastweek.)主语从句be+表语从句WhatIknowisthatheishonestandresponsible.同位语从句一、概念所谓同位语，是指跟在某些名词的后面，对前者做进一步的解释、说明、补充和概括，但不对前者起修饰作用的一种句子成分。Step1:找出下列句子中的同位语Theyoungestboy,Peter,refusedtoacceptthemoneyThatsherhabit,readinginbedYoursuggestion,tostrikewhiletheironishot,seemedagoodideaYesterdayImetTom,afriendofmybrothers.Step2:划出下列句子中的同位语从句ThepossibilitythatthemajorityofthelaborforcewillworkathomeisoftendiscussedWearen