句子五种基本结构市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件

1、英语句子五种基本结构陈凯恩第1页一、 句子基本成份（members of a stentence）：主语 Subject 谓语 Predicate宾语 Object定语 Attribute状语 Adverbial 表语 Predicate补语 Complement 同位语 Appositive第2页 英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，能够发觉其内在联络，找出其共同规律。英语句子基本结构能够归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构基础。 英语五种基本句型： 句型一: 主+谓 S+V 句型二：主+系+表 S+V

2、+P 句型三：主+谓+宾 S+V+O 句型四：主+谓+间宾+直宾 S+V +IO +DO 句型五：主+谓+宾+宾补 S +V +DO +OC第3页基本句型 一主谓SV第4页 该句型中动词为不及物，不及物动词词义本身完整，不需要宾语补足其意义，但有些动词词义必须由一个状语（不能没有状语）进行补充。 Birds sing beautifully. He reads loudly. We go for a walk. Jim and Tom study together every day. She is studying hard at the university. They sit under

3、 the tree.第5页SV(不及物动词)1. Time 2. I 3. The moon 4. They 5. He6. He7. They8. The man9. We all 10. The little birdsflies. see. rose. talked for half an hour.walked yesterday .is playing.have gone.cooked. eat, and drink.dispeared soon.第6页基本句型 二主系表SV P第7页此句型句子有一个共同特点：句子谓语动词都不能表示一个完整意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态表语组成

4、复合谓语，才能表示完整意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。除了Be系动词外，还有一些动词能够用作系动词，如：1.表示感官动词，处于某种状态。feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem, etc. 2.表示转变改变动词，状态改变. become, get, grow, turn, go, etc.第8页SV（谓语）P（表语）We This is The dinner everthing The weather His faceThe madicine The machine areissmellslooksbecameturnedtastes goesCh

5、inese.an English book.good.different.warmer.red.awfulwrong.第9页基本句型 三主谓宾SV O第10页 该句型特点： 谓语必须为及物动词或及物动词词语，宾语必须是名词或者相当于名词成份。也就是说，谓语动词不能够表示完整意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作承受者，才能使意思完整。第11页SV(及物动词)O（宾语）WeI He He She Tom They Lily lovelike knowsenjoyslaugh atsaidatemade our country.musiceverythingreading.her.“Good mornin

6、g”.some apples.cakes.第12页 注意一： 带V-ing做宾语动词有： suggest, advise,stop, enjoy, miss ,finish , mind,keep ,perfer, be busy, be used to, give up etc. She loves window shopping. I enjoy living here. I prefer standing. May is busy doing the housework.第13页 注意二： 带 to do 做宾语动词有： offer, learn, intend, plan, deman

7、d, ask, promise, help，prepare，decide, determine，refuse， dare，manage，wish, hope, want, expect， fail，pretend，choose, seem, expect, hope, offer, agree, refuse, learn, help, plan, intend, etc. I want to help him. Mary decided to leave.第14页基本句型 四主谓间宾直宾SV IO DO请观察:1. I bring him a dictionary. 2. I bring a

8、 dictionary to him. 第15页 此句型句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表示完整意思。这两个宾语一个是动作直接承受者(物或事)，另一个是动作间接承受者（人）。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作间接承受者在动作直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。朗诵： I give you help. Mary teaches us English. I will show him my passport.第16页 I sent him a book. I brought May a present. I will tell you a story. She gave

9、me her telephone number. = She gave her telephone number to me. My father made me a kite =My father made a kite for me.第17页间接宾语前需要加to 惯用动词有: bring, throw, give, hand, lend, pass, read, sell, send, show, tell, teach, wish, write, refuse, pay, promise, permit, offer, owe, leave, allow, deny, grant, et

10、c.间接宾语前需要加for惯用动词有： make, cook, buy, play, sing, bring, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, order, paint, save, spare, etc.第18页基本句型 五 主谓宾宾补SV DO OC第19页此句型句子共同特点是：动词即使是及物动词，不过只跟一个宾语还不能表示完整意思，必须加上一个补充成份来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出补充说明成份，宾语与其补足语是逻辑上主谓关系，它们一起组成复合宾语。若无宾语补足语则句意不够完整。第20页SVDOOC1.We 2.They 3

11、.He 4.I 5.She 6.I 7.I 8.Mum9.I named madepaintedfoundkeeps foundwishtoldsawour puppyhim the wall the bookeverything him youusa catBaby.chairman.white.easy.in good orderat workto stayto study hard.running across the road第21页练习题：1. Horses run fast. 主+谓2. We study hard. 主+谓3. I saw the children play in the park yesterday. 主+谓+宾+宾补4. Please pass me the salt. 主+谓+间宾+直宾5. the flower smells sweet. 主+系+表第22页6.My dream becomes true. 主+系+表7.W