2022年人教版中考英语总复习第三部分题型专题突破 专题四 阅读理解

1、专题四阅读理解题I型I概隧I近三年考点分布年份语篇体裁话题分值2021A应用文通过介绍电影角色学习描述人物特征的单词6B记叙文介绍天才少年Mike8C记叙文讲述作者救助一只喜鹊并将其送回它父母身边的经历8D说明文介绍目前全球食物浪费的问题6E说明文介绍“蝙蝠侠效应”以及如何利用这一效应6F记叙文通过介绍智者和儿子的故事，告诉我们既要追求 目标，同时也要享受过程62020A应用文介绍四个人对于如何使用1美元的想法6B记叙文讲述Darrius的励志故事8C记叙文讲述作者如何养成写日记的习惯以及写日记带来的好处6D记叙文讲述老渔民肖吕应组建志愿队清理长江垃圾的故事6E说明文介绍拉戈梅拉岛居民的一种独

2、特的交流方式吹口哨8F记叙文讲述杉树是如何明白自己存在的意义的62019A应用文介绍四个预计会很受中国游客青睐的太平洋岛国及它们各自的特色8B说明文介绍一种新的锻炼方式水中运动及它的好处8C记叙文讲述Maggie Doyne的慈善事迹8D说明文介绍世界水资源短缺问题及可行的解决方法10E说明文介绍小孩子是如何学会走路的以及其中蕴含的哲理6题型特点阅读理解着重考查考生对各种题材和体裁的书面材料的理解能力以及从各种材料中获取信息并加 以判断、归纳和综合的能力。此题型要求考生能够读懂日常生活中常见的文字材料，如海报、广告等, 以及书刊中的短文材料。分析上表可知，安徽中考近三年的阅读理解体裁以记叙文和

3、说明文为主，配以少量应用文。阅读材料 的话题比较多样，涉及科普知识、哲理故事、文化风俗、人物故事等。就近两年来看，话题的多样性有加 强的趋势。从2020年开始，阅读理解增加了一篇语篇材料,体现了中考对考生阅读能力要求的加强。总的来说，阅读材料均贴近考生生活，有较强的时代性、文化性、思想性和教育性。题型设置以细节 理解题为主,推理判断题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题、标题归纳题等为辅。阅读理解最后一篇为任务型阅读题，设有3个小题，要求考生根据短文内容回答问题。此类阅读理解 除了考查考生准确获取语言信息的能力外，更多的是考查考生综合运用语言知识的能力。做任务型阅读 理解题时要注意以下几点:根据不同问题采

4、用不同的回答方式;句子开头首字母应大写;句末使用正确的 标点符号;确定句子的主谓成分和时态;确保每题答案的词数与题目的要求相符等。解|题|技|巧|选择型阅读理解命题点1细节理解题.设题特点。这类题在阅读理解中所占比例较大。它常常针对文章中的事实和细节进行提问，即针对 what,when,where,why,how,who,which等进行提问,R的在于考查考生对支撑文章中心思想的事实和细节 的理解能力。.解题策略。所谓“事实细节，是指在阅读理解的短文中客观存在的事实。细节理解题的答案一般都可以在原文中找 到。一般来说，应在短文中找出相关信息的位置，确定试题考查的考点,需要特别注意日期、数字、时

5、间、 人名、地名等关键信息。当然,有的试题还需对原文所提供的事实进行一定的分析比较，才能做出正确的 选择。(1)通过关键词直接获得答案。先阅读所给的问题，判断其是否适合采用直接搜寻的解题方法。如果所提问题是文章中出现的内容 (即直接性答案),就可直接搜寻答案。典例1分析:根据题干中的关键信息“a natural ability to do something well”,可迅速定位至Talented部 分中的Meaning:If youre talented,you have a natural ability to do something well.。故选 D 项。(2)通过转化相关信息获

6、得答案。根据关键词在文中找到相关信息，再根据题干设问转换信息，得出答案。典例2分析:根据题干中的“farther”可知,此题的相关信息在所给段;再通过对比转化该段第一、二句 内容可以得出，无风的天气有助于口哨声传播得更远。故选A项。典例1 (2021 .安徽阅读A篇节选)TalentedMeaning:If youre talented,you have a natural ability to do something well.56.Which word is used to describe a person with a natural ability to do something

7、well?( )A.Naive. B.Loyal.C.Demanding.D.Talented.典例2 (2020.安徽阅读E篇节选)A good whistler can be heard and understood five miles away.His whistling can be heard even farther away when it is windless.71.What helps a whistle travel farther?( )A.A windless day.B.A long distance.C.A useful message.D.A clear pr

8、onunciation.命题点2推理判断题.设题特点。推理判断题主要考查考生对文章言外之意的理解。这种题目有一定的难度,往往不能直接从文中找到答 案，而必须要根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章有更深层的理解后，才能找到答案。有时甚至还 需联系作者的意图、态度等文外之意加以推理，获取作者在文章中没有直接表述出来的态度、观点等。 这种类型的题目主要有三种形式:语义推理题、结论推理题和出处推理题。语义推理题要求考生根据文 章、段落或句子的表层信息推断出深层含义，如推断文章或段落的中心思想、句子的言外之意等;结论推 理题和出处推理题要求考生根据文章中所列举的事实推断出符合逻辑的结论或文章的出处。.

9、设问方式。(l)It can be inferred/seen from the passage that.(2)In which part of the magazine/newspaper can we read the passage?(3)The writer suggests that.(4)The writer uses the example of.to show that.(5)Whats the writers opinion on.?(6)What,s the purpose of the passage?(7)From/According to the passage,w

10、e know/learn.(8)The writer probably agrees that.解题策略。阅读理解不仅要求考生能读懂短文中的每个句子，而且要求考生能理解句子之间的内在联系。有的试题 要求考生根据常识对所读的短文进行一定程度的推断;有的试题还要求考生了解其内在的逻辑关系，从 而对所读的内容有更深层的理解。一般来说,这类问题都不可能直接从原文中找到答案，考生必须根据原 文提供的有关信息，进行合理的推断才能得出答案。做这类题具体可以从这几个方面着手:要以文章提供 的事实和线索为依据，忠实于原文，由已知推及未知，遵循“词不离句，句不离段，段不离篇的原则;考生在 吃透文章字面意思的基础上

11、，再从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索;了解文章的体裁、题材和基调，揣摩作 者的态度,摸准逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的言外之意;要把握句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇 的结构等。此类题的具体解题方法如下：(1)通过特定细节推断。考生根据问题所涉及的范围和对象中的细节事实来推断答案。细节事实一般包括事实根据、名字 (人物或地点)、数字(日期或统计数字)、关键词语的其他表达方式(同义词、近义词、反义词)等。典例1分析:根据题干中的“Mikes parents”可迅速定位至文章第三段。根据第三段中的关键信息 Mike does well in all subjectssatisfiedmean mu

12、ch more”可知,Mike 的父母为他感到骄傲。故选 A 项。(2)通过文章大意推断。考生可根据题干要求，整体把握文章内容，从而推断出答案。典例2分析:根据题干可知，本题需要通读全文，掌握文章大意。文章讲述了 Darrius虽天生手指残疾, 但他10岁时开始挑战弹钢琴，并最终获得了成功的励志故事。由此可推断，他有着坚强的意志力。故选 A项。（3）通过文章体裁和内容判断文章出处。考生可根据文章的用词、格式、内容等推断文章的出处。网页、报纸、书籍等的文章格式和用词 都有不同的风格,而具体到不同的板块，如文化、健康、科技等，文章的行文方式和内容也会有所不同。鉴 于此，考生可根据文章体裁、结构特点

13、及话题等，再结合选项来综合判断。典例3分析：文章以网页界面截图的方式呈现，再根据文章最后一句Follow us on https:iustforfun.conVartoflivin& for mor已可以推断，文章可能来自一个网站。故选C项。（4）通过文章上下文之间的联系推断续写内容。文章内容通常具有一定的逻辑性和连贯性，考生可根据文章结构、上下文之间的联系或特定的语句 来推断文章续写的内容。典例4分析:文章主要介绍了拉戈梅拉岛这个地方的吹口哨文化。最后一段开头提到吹口哨在这个 地方很流行,并且有很多种方法。由此可推断，作者在最后一段会介绍吹口哨的不同方法。故选C项。（5）通过文章措辞与风格推

14、断作者的语气 态度和意图。作者的语气和态度通常体现在文章所使用的措辞和句式上。考生要特别注意感情色彩比较浓重的 形容词和副词，特别留心文中句子的长度和结构。从措辞上我们可以推断出作者对所讨论话题的态度（肯 定或否定、赞成或反对、褒扬或讽刺、喜爱或厌恶等）;从句式的长短和结构可以判断出作者讨论问题的 语气（郑重其事还是轻松活泼、实事求是还是夸大其词、真挚热诚还是冷嘲热讽等）;从文体和写作手法 可以判断出作者的写作意图（科普还是叙事、推荐还是劝阻等）。典例5分析:文章前三段通过大量事实性数据向读者展示了食物浪费的严峻现状，再根据最后一段内 容可知，本文是想通过介绍食物浪费的现状来呼吁人们行动起来，

15、停止浪费食物。故选B项。典例1 （2021 安徽阅读B篇节选）“Mike does well in all subjects,“ his mother said.When he has difficulties,he will try to find a way out.” His father was satisfied with Mikes non-academic（非学业的）achievements.They mean much more, his father said.A.They are proud of their son Mike.B.They help Mike with a

16、ll subjects.C.They care more about Mikes grades.D.They work in the same company.典例2 （2020安徽阅读B篇节选）Darrius was born with three fingers on his right hand and one on his left hand.He had to work hard to do things that were easy for others.Yiruma encouraged Darrius to follow his dream of playing his own

17、 music.Darrius has made it. And his music is popular today.62.What can we learn about Darrius from the text?（ ）A.He has a strong will.B.He bought himself a piano.C.He gave up his dream.D.He only plays others music.典例3 （2020安徽阅读A篇节选）Follow us oncom/artofliving for more.58.Where does the text probably

18、 come from?（ ）A.A film magazine.B.A science report.C.A website.D.A travel guide.典例4 （2020安徽阅读E篇节选）The local people of La Gomera can carry on conversations by whistling（吹 口哨）from far away.For face- to-face conversations,they speak Spanish.But when they need to speak over a distance（距离）,they whistle.W

19、histling is popular at La Gomera,and many methods of whistling are used.72.What will the writer talk about in the last paragraph?（ ） A.Disadvantages of whistling.B.Stories of a top whistler.C.Different methods of whistling.Examples of good whistlers.典例5 (2021安徽阅读D篇节选)Then what can we do to stop food

20、 waste?Small actions make a difference.Each of us can play a part.Next time,before you throw,think twice!69.What is the purpose of the text?( )A.To collect money.B.To call for action.C.To get some advice.D.To express thanks.命题点3词义猜测/句意理解题.设题特点。这类题型旨在考查考生利用上下文对词、词组以及句子的辨别和理解能力。词义猜测/句意理解题主要 有三种类型：(1)熟

21、词生义，要求考生在某一特定的语言环境中推断某一多义词在文中的意思;(2)生词释义, 要求考生根据范围较小的上下文推断出生词的词义;(3)难句释义，要求考生根据较大范围的上下文推断 句思。.设问方式。(1)词义猜测题。 Whats the meaning of the underlined word/words/ph rase .in Chinese?The underlined word.refers to/probably means.Which of the following words can take the place of the word.?(2)句意理解题。What does

22、 the writer mean by the underlined sentence.?The underlined bably means.(3)What does the sentence.mean?.解题策略。通过因果关系猜测词义。通过因果关系猜测词义时，首先应找出生词所在部分与上下文之间的逻辑关系,然后才能猜测词义。 考生也可借助文章中出现的关联词(because,as,since,for,so,as a result等)来判断因果关系。典例1分析:根据画线词所在句及上一句可知，看完电影后John对动物有了更多的了解，所以他想把 这部电影推荐给那些动物爱好者。由此可推断,recomm

23、end意为“推荐”。故选D项。(2)通过同义和近义关系猜测词义。在文章中，有时为了避免重复，或为了表达同一事物的不同种类，作者会使用同义词或近义词。在这种 情况下，我们就可以利用同义词、近义词的关系，由熟悉的词语猜测不熟悉的词语的含义。例如，连词and 或or连接的并列的词语作相同成分(如happy and joy)时，这两个并列词语在含义上可能是相同或者递进 的，由此就可以推测对等关系中的某个生词(如joy)的含义。典例 2 分析:根据第二段中的Several days later,his wings were fine and nothing else was broken.“可知, 几天

24、后，喜鹊的翅膀已经痊愈了。由此可推测,“recovered与flnenothing else was broken”意思相近，意为 “康复”。故选A项。(3)通过反义词和反义关系猜测词义。有时为了说明相反的两件事或两个人，作者使用了 一些反义词或表示反义关系的词语来进行对比。 在这种情况下，我们可以利用已知词语来推测未知词语的词义。通过反义词和反义关系猜词，一是看表转 折关系的连词或副词，如but,while,however等;二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语。典例3分析:根据上下文可知，其他动物们是因为Turkey过于骄傲才决定给他一个教训，让他变得谦 逊。humble为proud的

25、反义词，意为“谦逊的故选D项。(4)通过构词法猜测词义。有时有些生词很难根据上下文来推测其词义，此时，可通过一些常见的词根、前缀、后缀等构词法知 识来推测词义。典例4分析:understanding意为“理解”,而根据构词法可知，前缀mis-表示错误;坏”等意思，由此可推 知,misunderstandings 意为误解故选 D 项。(5)通过定义或释义关系猜测词义。为了更好地表达思想，作者会对文章中一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等进行解释。这些解释 提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们可以较为容易地猜测出词义。这些定义或解释形式多样，常由 is,that is (to say),in ot

26、her words,call,be called,mean,be considered to be,refer to,be known as 等词汇或破折号 来表示。如果生词是句子或段落中所解释的定义,那么理解句子或段落本身就是推测词义。典例5分析:根据画线词后一句内容可知，后一句是在对mass进行解释，即指物体中所含物质的数量。由该解释可推知,mass意为“质量故选B项。(6)通过所举例子来猜测词义。有时,作者常使用举例的方法来帮助读者更好地理解他/她想要解释的内容或传达的观点。考生也可 以利用这些例子来猜测词义。常用的表示列举的提示词有for example,such as,like,as

27、.as,e.g.等。典例 6 分析:根据画线词之后所举的例子“the bird-shaped kite with long wings is a special kind of the Beijing kite”可知，长翅鸟形风筝是一种特殊的北京风筝，故此处指这三款最著名的风筝都各有自己的典 型特征。由此可推知,feature意为“特征故选A项。(7)根据上下文猜测词义或理解句意。单词和句子在文章中都不是绝对孤立的,都与其所在的段落和篇章有着千丝万缕的联系。考生可以 根据上下文的提示猜测出词义或推断出句意。典例 7 分析:根据本段中的The rest,98% of the water,is i

28、n seas and oceans.lt is too salty to drink.“可知, 其余98%的水都在海洋中，太咸了不能喝;再根据下文对工厂的描述“They process more than 92 million tons of water every day.”可知，工厂每天加工超过9200万吨水。由于海水太咸不能喝，所以工厂要对水进 行加工，使其淡化。由此可推测,desalination意为“海水淡化故选D项。典例1 (2020贵州黔东南阅读A篇节选).After watching the movie,I learned more about animals.I would

29、recommend this movie to those animal lovers.John57.What does the underlined word “recommend mean?( )A.租赁B.邮寄C.出售D.推荐典例2 (2021 .安徽阅读C篇节选)With my care,the young magpie was doing well,but he was not happy to find himself in a cage(笼 子).Several days later,his wings were fine and nothing else was broken.

30、He recovered.64.What does the underlined word recovered mean?( )A.康复B.求救C.挨饿D.唱歌典例3 (2021四川广安阅读C篇节选)The other animals thought Turkey was too proud.They decided to give him a lesson.And then,no one saw Turkey for several days.Everyone began to feel bad about what they did.They looked for Turkey every

31、where.They just wanted to teach him to be humble.49.What does the underlined word humble mean in Chinese?（ ）A.善良的 B.温和的 C.随意的D.谦逊的典例4 （2021 辽宁抚顺阅读Passage 4节选）“My experience shows that although travel is much easier and faster today,the distance between cultures hasnt shortened,Cao said.She hopes to

32、build bridges and break down misunderstandings between different cultures.48.The underlined word “misunderstandings“ means ”.（）A.融合B.交流C.差异D.误解典例5 （2020安徽中考抓分卷三阅读E篇节选）Black holes can be big or small.Scientists think the smallest black holes are as small as just one atom（原 子）.These black holes are sm

33、all but have the mass of a large mountain.Mass is the amount（数量）of matter in an object.The mass of a big black hole can be over one million suns together.7O.The underlined word mass means in Chinese.（ ）A.厚度B.质量C.体积D.面积典例6 （2018安徽阅读A篇节选）Kites have quite a long history.The earliest kites were made of

34、wood,instead of paper.The three most famous kites are the Beijing kite,Tianjin kite and Weifang kite.Each has its own feature.For example,the birdshaped kite with long wings is a special kind of the Beijing kite.73.What does the underlined word “feature” mean in the text?( )A.特征B.地貌C.五官D.影片典例7 (2019

35、安徽阅读D篇节选)While 75% of our planet is covered with water,only about 2% is fresh waterthat comes from rivers,lakes,ice and snow.The rest,98% of the water,is in seas and oceans.lt is too salty to drink.Then desalination businesses come in.More than 19,000 factories have been built around the world,mostl

36、y in coastal countries.They process(力口工)more than 92 million tons of water every day.But the technology they use requires a lot of energy.85.What does the underlined word “desalination“ in Paragraph 3 mean?( )A.远洋运输B.潮汐发电C.食盐销售D.海水淡化 典例8 (2018.安徽阅读C篇节选)Every year,there are competitions for the large

37、st vegetables,but dont expect to win:Britains biggest carrot is almost six meters long.82.What does the writer mean by the underlined sentence?( ) A.It is easy to grow big vegetables.B.It is hard to win the competition.C.The carrot is much easier to grow.D.The carrot is his favorite vegetable.典例 8 分

38、析:画线句是对“Every year,there are competitions for the largest vegetables,but dont expect to win”的举例证明。由此可推知，此句的言外之意是指在该比赛中获胜不容易。故选B项。(8)根据生活常识猜测词义。有时,我们可以利用自己的生活常识来猜测生词的含义。典例9分析:根据上文及生活常识可知，他们收集的一些垃圾被送到了处理站,而一些可以被再利用 的垃圾则被出售。由此可推断,disposal意为“处理故选A项。典例9 (2020安徽阅读D篇节选)Every week,the team go along the rive

39、r to collect waste and make sure no one is fishing on the river.Some of the waste they collect is sent to the disposal station,while some that can be reused is sold.So far,they have cleaned over 50 tons of waste.Thanks to their hard work,the Yangtze River is getting clearer.67.What does the underlin

40、ed word disposal” in Paragraph 3 mean?( )A.处理B.传播C.救护D.保养命题点4段落/主旨大意题.设题特点。此类题要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章或段落进行归纳、概括或评价,对考生的理解和概括 能力要求较高。做这种题时，不能只凭文中的只言片语就断章取义，如涉及主题(main idea)、结论 (conclusion),结局(end)等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上,结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常 识等进行逻辑推理和判断，从而挖掘出文章中隐含的信息。.设问方式。Whats the main idea of this passage?(2)W

41、hat is the passage mainly about?(3)What does the passage mainly discuss/talk about?(4)The writer means to tell us that.(5)The main idea of the passage is that.(6)The passage is mainly about.(7)What is Paragraph.mainly about?(8)What,s the first/second/third.paragraph mainly about?.解题策略。(1)留心关键词，抓住文章主

42、旨;串联主要细节，推断文章中心思想。所谓关键词，即文章中反复出现的、与主题有关的实词，如名词、动词等。冠词或介词等虚词均不在 关键词之列。需要注意的是，为了避免同一词的过多重复出现，文章有时会使用这个词的同义词、近义词, 或用代词指代。我们知道，并不是所有文章都包含明确的主题句。大多数记叙文的中心思想多隐藏在具 体的细节中，作者通过众多的细节事实对中心思想进行论述。因此，我们必须善于串联主要细节，从中归纳 文章的中心思想。典例1分析:根据文章中反复出现的关键词olive oil及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了橄榄油的有关信息。故选D项。（2）注意主题句/段，归纳段落/主旨大意。抓住段落大意或主旨

43、大意的捷径之一是抓住主题句/段。主题句是能够概括或表达段落或文章主题 的句子。段落主题句通常出现在段首或段尾，偶尔出现在段中。文章主题句也常出现在文章开头或结尾, 有些文章会出现主题段。考生可以在找出主题句/段的基础上，结合全段或全文内容,归纳出段落大意或主 旨大意。典例2分析:文章第二段（节选段）第一句Keeping a diary helps a lot.”是本段的主题句,所以本段主要 介绍了写日记的好处。故选D项。典例3分析:文章第一段（节选段）为文章的主题段，再结合全文内容可知,本文主要介绍耳朵是如何工 作的。故选A项。典例1 （2016安徽阅读C篇节选）Olive oil has a

44、lso been an important product in the business and culture of Mediterranean countries.Sometimes winners were also given a prize of olive oil.People from Greece built ships so that they could use olive oil for trade.But it was the Romans who grew the olive tree in the rest of southern Europe and north

45、ern Africa.Today,olive oil is still a very valuable product,and many different kinds of olive oil are sold in countries all over the world.82.The passage is mainly about .（）A.the method of cookingB.the trade of GreeceC.the history of the Olympic GamesD.the story of olive oil典例2 （2020安徽阅读C篇节选）Keeping

46、 a diary helps a lot.Studies have shown that people who keep a diary sleep and feel better.lt helps people remember what once happened such as dreams,friendships and happiness.Writing about bad feelings can also help brains get over them and move on.Personally,I learn better about myself and my rela

47、tionships with others by keeping a diary.65.What is the second paragraph(段落)mainly about?( )A.Reasons for fighting with Dad.B.Rules of comparing with others.C.Ways of having clear skin.0.Advantages of keeping a diary.典例3 (2021广西贵港阅读A篇节选)Humans have many organs(器官),but you can enjoy lots of things be

48、cause of your ears.Do you know how the ears work?6O.What,s the main idea of the passage?( )A.How ears work.B.What ears can hear.C.How we protect ears.D.Where ears send messages to.命题点5标题归纳题.设题特点。此类题考查考生对文章主题或中心思想的理解和归纳能力。.设问方式。Whats the best title for the passage?(2)What would be the best title for

49、the passage?(3)The best title for the passage is.(4)Which of the following can/might be the best title (for the passage/text)?.解题策略。(1)通过关键词归纳标题。考生在阅读文章时要注意反复出现或强调的信息，找出关键词，并结合选项归纳出文章标题。典例1分析:根据文章中出现的多个近义关键词smart city”“making cities smarter”等并结合全文内 容可知，本文主要介绍了未来的智能化城市。故选B项。(2)通过各段落或文章主题句归纳标题。文章主题句/段

50、一般可以归纳文章主要内容，所以根据文章主题句来归纳文章大意是常用的方法。有 时文章中并没有出现明确的主题句，此时，需要先归纳出各段的主题，进而掌握文章的主旨,从而归纳出文 章的标题。典例2分析:文章第一段（节选段）为文章主题段，再结合后文内容可知,本文围绕“蝙蝠侠效应”来介绍 该如何面对困难，让自己做到最好，所以最符合本文的标题是“我能做到!我是蝙蝠侠!”故选C项。典例1 （2018安徽阅读D篇节选）Would you like to live in a city where buildings turn the lights off for you,and self-driving cars

51、 will find the nearest parking space themselves?Although it might sound a little far from you,living in a “smart“ city like this could happen sooner than you think.“Making cities smarter is one way out,and I think this will in turn make cities greener,said Dan Hill,head of a research company.87.Whic

52、h of the following might be the best title for the text?（ ）A.Future EducationB.Smart CitiesC.Govemment ServicesD.Famous Companies典例2 （2021 .安徽阅读E篇节选）Do you ever give up easily in difficult situations?If so,imagine yourself as someone with great abilities,like Batman（蝙蝠侠）.h will help you feel strong.

53、You will not give up easily and will probably do better.This is called the Batman Effect（效应）.72.What is the best title（标题）for the text?（）A.Go and do research!B.Come and complete tasks!C.I can do it!Tm Batman!D.You can help! Youre a helper!命题点6代词指代题.设题特点。此类题主要考查考生对上下文的理解。考生根据对文章的理解来明确代词所指代的内容。.设问方式。（

54、1 ）What does the underlined word.refer to?（2）The underlined word.in Paragraph 2 refers to.解题策略。考生在解答此类题时，首先要找到代词所在的句子，然后根据上下文的结构和内容确定代词所指代的内 容。典例分析:根据“Writing about bad feelings can also help brains get over them and move on.“可知，写下 不好的感受也可以帮助大脑克服它们，继续前进。由此可推断,them指的是“不好的感受故选B项。 典例（2020安徽阅读C篇节选）Keepi

55、ng a diary helps a lot.Studies have shown that people who keep a diary sleep and feel better.lt helps people remember what once happened such as dreams,friendships and happiness.Writing about bad feelings can also help brains get over them and move on.What does the underlined word 4tthem refer to（指的

56、是）？（）A.Studies.B.Bad feelings.C.Friendships. D.Brains.命题点7数字计算题.设题特点。此类题主要考查考生对文章中的数字的理解、分析和处理。考生需理清文章脉络，得出答案。.解题策略。考生应先审清题目，然后在文中找到相关信息，最后通过分析和计算得出答案。典例分析:根据文章第二段（节选段）第二句“In 2（） 19,Xiao Liuying formed the voluntary team with 12 other fishermen.“可知,志愿队刚组建时有肖吕应和其他12名成员，共计13名成员。故选B项。典例（2020安徽阅读D篇节选）To

57、 protect finless porpoises（江豚）and the Yangtze River,the government has stopped people from fishing on the river.In 2019,Xiao Liuying formed the voluntary team with 12 other fishermen.Today the team has more than 50 members.All of them are over 60 years old/fcWe want to protect the river while we can

58、,“ saidXiao.66.How many members were there in the team when it was fbrmed?（ ）A. 12.B.13.C.50.D.62.任务型阅读理解命题点1细节性问题.设题特点。这种题型大多数是针对文章中的细节信息设置的，比较简单，只要通读全文,了解文中所叙述的重要事实 或细节，就可以解答出来，有些题目甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。.解题策略。考生可根据题干中的关键信息在文章中找出相关信息，再通过分析，得出答案。典例分析:根据本段中的“He found everything nice!”可知,在回来的路上，儿子觉得一切都很美妙

59、。故 本题答案为:He thought/found everything was nice.典例（2021安徽阅读F篇节选）On his way back,he noticed dancing birds and beautiful flowers.He met happy farmers in the fields.He found everything nice!.What did the son think of everything on his way back?（不超过 5 个词）命题点2概括性问题.设题特点。这种题型主要考查考生对段落或文章的中心思想、标题、目的等的归纳总结能力,

60、要求考生在阅读和理 解全文的基础上对文章进行归纳、概括或评价。.解题策略。回答这类题目时,不能以偏概全，需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、文化背景、生活常识等进 行判断、整理和归纳，从而获取文章中隐含的信息。有时甚至还要对作者的意图、倾向等因素加以推理, 才能得出正确答案。典彳列分析:才艮据“Fir Tree was happy that his green leaves provided a warm home for animals in winter.He finally understood his purpose.”可知,杉树明白了它的用途:在冬天用绿叶给动物们提供一个温暖的