最近更新日本地震新闻英文版41558026

1、ContentTOC o 1-1 h z u HYPERLINK l _Toc288044796 Japan Says 2nd Reactor May Have Ruptured With Radioactive Release PAGEREF _Toc288044796 h 1 HYPERLINK l _Toc288044797 Last Defense at Troubled Reactors: 50 Japanese Workers PAGEREF _Toc288044797 h 6 HYPERLINK l _Toc288044798 In Remote Towns, Survivors

2、 Tell of a Waves Power PAGEREF _Toc288044798 h 10 HYPERLINK l _Toc288044799 Japanese Stocks Rebound After Big Sell-Off PAGEREF _Toc288044799 h 13 HYPERLINK l _Toc288044800 Certainties of Modern Life Upended in Japan PAGEREF _Toc288044800 h 15 HYPERLINK l _Toc288044801 Precautions Should Limit Health

3、 Problems From Nuclear Plants Radiation PAGEREF _Toc288044801 h 19Japan Says 2nd Reactor May Have Ruptured With Radioactive ReleaseTokyo Electric Power, via Kyodo News, via Associated PressAt the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant, reactors No. 3, left, and No. 4, center, have been damaged.ByHIROKO TAB

4、UCHIandKEITH BRADSHERPublished: March 15, 2011TOKYO Japans nuclear crisis intensified again Wednesday, with Japanese authorities announcing that a containment vessel in a second reactor unit at the stricken Fukushima Daiichi plant in northeastern Japan may have ruptured and appeared to be releasing

5、radioactive steam. That would be the second vessel to be compromised in two days.The vessel had appeared to be the last fully intact line of defense against large-scale releases of radioactive materials, but it was not clear how serious the possible breach might be.The announcement came after Japane

6、se broadcasters showed live footage of thick plumes of steam rising above the plant.Yukio Edano, the chief cabinet secretary, said the government believed the steam was coming from the No. 3 reactor, where an explosion on Monday blew out part of the building surrounding the containment vessel.The re

7、actor has three layers of protection: that building; the containment vessel, and the metal cladding around fuel rods, which are inside the reactor. The government has said that those rods at the No. 3 reactor were likely already damaged.Earlier in the morning, the company that runs the plant reporte

8、d that a fire was burning at a different reactor, just hours after officials said flames that erupted Tuesday had been doused.A government official at Japans nuclear regulatory agency said that flames and smoke were no longer visible, but he cautioned that it was unclear if the fire, at the Reactor

9、No. 4 building, had died out. He also was not clear if it was a new fire or if the fire Tuesday had never gone out.（内容日本说第二反应器可能破裂与放射性释放1最后的防御在动荡不安的反应器:50个日本工人6在偏远的乡镇,幸存者讲述一波的力量10日本股市反弹后13的抛售现代生活结束也好,在日本15健康问题的预防措施应限制从核电站辐射19岁日本说第二反应器可能破裂与放射性释放东京电力,经由日本共同社报道,通过美联社在核电站反应堆党首福岛瑞穗第一3号(左)、4号,中心,被破坏。通过HIR

10、OKO TABUCHI和基思BRADSHER3月15日,2011年出版。东京日本核危机愈演愈烈,又与日本当局星期三宣布的包含容器的第二个反应器单元在受灾党首福岛瑞穗第一植物在日本东北可能破裂并且似乎释放放射性蒸汽。那将会是第二个容器,被泄漏,两天内。它有似乎完全完整的最后一道防线反对大规模发行版中放射性物质,但尚不清楚如何严重的可能违约可能会。该项命名公告是在日本广播公司现场直播录像中厚冲天的蒸汽升到水面上的植物。Edano Yukio,内阁官房长官表示,政府认为蒸汽来自3号反应堆,在星期一的爆炸一口气吹灭了大楼的一部分周围的包含容器。反应器共分三层的保护:那幢楼;包含容器、金属覆层,在燃料棒

11、内反应器。政府已表示,那些棒在3号反应堆可能已损坏。在早晨早些时候,该公司运营植物报道说,有一个燃烧的大火是在不同的反应器,仅仅几小时后,官员表示大火已经将星期二爆发了。一名政府官员在日本的核监管机构说,火焰和烟雾不再是可见的,但他警告称,不清楚是火,在反应器4号楼,都消失了。他也还不清楚如果这是一个新的火堆或者如果火星期二从未消失过。）There are a total of six reactors at the plant.The developments are troubling reminders of the difficulties the company is having

12、in bringing the plant, which has suffered multiple explosions since Saturday, under control. And the confusion is emblematic of days of often contradictory reports about what is happening at the plant.The company, Tokyo Electric Power, says it cannot know for sure what is happening in many cases bec

13、ause it is too dangerous for workers to get close to some reactors.The situation became especially dire on Tuesday, when releases of radiation led the company to pull most of its workers from the plant.One of the authorities main concerns are over pools for spent fuel rods at several reactors at the

14、 plant, including Reactor No. 4, where the pool has lost some of the water needed to keep the fuel rods stable. The rods are still radioactive and potentially as hot and dangerous as the fuel rods inside the reactors.Minoru Ogoda, the official with Japans nuclear regulatory agency, said a proposed p

15、lan to use helicopters to put more cold water into the pool was looking unlikely.He said Tokyo Electric would probably try to spray water into the reactor building through a gaping hole in the wall blasted open by an earlier explosion.（总共有6个核反应堆的植物。事态的发展令人不安催的困难公司是拥有的将植物,它遭受多次爆炸从周六开始,在控制之下。混乱的象征,是天的

16、往往是矛盾的报道在厂正在发生什么。东京电力公司说,它不能确切知道正在发生什么事,在许多情况下,因为它太危险了工人接近一些核反应堆。可怕的情况变得尤其星期二,结果导致该公司发行的辐射拉它的大部分工人来自植物。当局的一个主要关注的是在池来用过的燃料棒在几个反应堆的工厂里,包括反应器4号,在池子里的水已经失去了一些需要维持燃料棒稳定。这槓仍然放射性和潜在的热的,危险的,因为燃料棒内的反应堆。山Ogoda,正式与日本核电管理机构说,拟议的计划用直升飞机把更多的冷水入池是看起来不太可能。他说,东京电力将会试着把水成核反应堆建筑通过一个大洞在墙上敲开早期爆炸。）The hole or holes in t

17、he roof caused by that blast did not appear big enough to allow sufficient amounts of water in, he said.That explosion on Tuesday was caused by hydrogen gas bubbling up from chemical reactions set off by the fuel rods in the pool, Japanese officials said. Inspectors from the United StatesNuclear Reg

18、ulatory Commissionsaid they had been told by Japanese authorities that what was burning was lubricatingoilfrom machinery near the pool.Concern remained high about the storage pools at two other reactors, Nos. 5 and 6. None of those three reactors at the plant, 140 miles northeast of Tokyo, were oper

19、ating on Friday afternoon when an offshore earthquake with a magnitude now estimated at 9.0 shook the site. A tsunami rolled into the northeast Japanese coastline minutes later, swamping the plant.At least 750 workers were evacuated on Tuesday morning after a separate explosion ruptured the inner co

20、ntainment building at Reactor No. 2 at the Daiichi plant, which was crippled by Fridays earthquake and tsunami. The closely spaced but apparently coincidental explosions at Reactors Nos. 2 and 4 together released a surge of radiation 800 times as intense as the recommended hourly exposure limit in J

21、apan.But 50 workers stayed behind, a crew no larger than would be stationed at the plant on a quiet spring day. Taking shelter when possible in the reactors control room, which is heavily shielded from radiation, they struggled through the morning and afternoon to keep hundreds of gallons of seawate

22、r a minute flowing through temporary fire pumps into the three stricken reactors, Nos. 1, 2 and 3, where overheated fuel rods continued to boil away the water at a brisk pace.By early afternoon radiation levels had plunged, according to theInternational Atomic Energy Agency. Workers have released su

23、rges of radiation each time they bleed radioactive steam from the troubled reactors in an attempt to manage the pressure inside them, but the reactors are not yet releasing high levels of radiation on a sustained basis, Japanese officials said.这个洞与洞屋顶所引发爆炸没有出现足够大以允许足够的水流中,他说。爆炸星期二是由于氢气气泡从化学反应的燃料棒出发到

24、游泳池里去游泳,日本官员说。核查人员从美国核管理委员会说他们曾经告诉我说,日本当局所燃烧是润滑油从机械附近的游泳池。居高不下的担忧储水池另外两反应器,Nos。5和6。没有什么办法比上述三种反应器的工厂里,140英里的东京,使用东北星期五下午,当一个离岸级地震于现在估计在9震动了网站。海啸卷成东北日本海岸线几分钟后,淹没植物。至少750工人被疏散在星期二早上拉断了一个独立的爆炸后在反应器内遏制建筑2号在第一植物,它成了跛子是因为上周五的地震和海啸。但显然同向排列紧密的爆炸发生在反应堆Nos。2、4 .在一起发布了一个800倍激增的辐射强烈推荐每小时曝光限制在日本。但是50名员工,船员留在并不比将

25、会驻守在植物在一个安静的春天的日子。在可能的情况下获得庇护在核反应堆的控制房间,它在很大程度上来自于辐射中挣扎,他们上午及下午来保持几百加仑的海水一分钟流经临时消防泵成三个受灾的核反应堆,Nos。第1、2和3,在那里过热的燃料棒继续蒸发干水在一个轻快的步伐。下午早些时候已经由辐射水平的大幅下降,根据国际原子能总署。工人们已经发布了汹涌的辐射每次他们流血的放射性蒸汽从陷入困境的反应堆,旨在处理它们,但内压力的反应堆是没有释放高水平的辐射在持续的基础上,日本官员说。 The United States military revised its plans as radiation from the

26、 plant worsened. Some American warships that had been expected to arrive at the tsunami-shattered northeast coast of HonshuIsland were diverted to the west coast instead because of concerns about radiation, the Navy said.The Navy also promised to continue relief missions even though several more hel

27、icopter crews were testing positive for low-level exposure to radiation, and even as American military personnel and their families at the Yokosuka and Atsugi bases were encouraged to take precautions against radiation exposure. Late Tuesday morning, Prime MinisterNaoto Kanwarned in a nationally tel

28、evised address of rising radiation.Mr. Edano, the chief cabinet secretary, urged people who live within about 18 miles of the plant to take precautions. “Please do not go outside, please stay indoors, please close windows and make your homes airtight,” he said.Yukiya Amano, the director general of t

29、he International Atomic Energy Agency, said at the organizations Vienna headquarters that there was a “possibility of core damage” at reactor No. 2, but that the damage “is estimated to be less than 5 percent of the fuel.”The sudden turn of events, after an explosion on Monday at one reactor and the

30、n an early-morning explosion on Tuesday at yet another the third in four days at the plant had already made the crisis at the plant the worst nuclear accident since the Chernobyl reactor disaster a quarter-century ago. It had become impossible for workers to remain at many areas within the plant for

31、 extended periods, the agency said. In Tokyo, the metropolitan government said Tuesday that it had detected radiation levels 20 times above normal over the city, though it stressed that such levels posed no immediate health threat and that readings had dropped since then. The explosion in Reactor No

32、. 2, a little after 6 a.m. on Tuesday, particularly alarmed Japanese officials and nuclear power experts around the world because it was the first detonation at the plant that appeared to occur inside one of the primary containment vessels.Those buildings are fortresslike structures of steel and rei

33、nforced concrete, designed to absorb the impact of a plane crash and minimize radiation leaks. After a series of conflicting reports about how much damage the reactor had sustained after that blast, Mr. Edano said, “There is a very high probability that a portion of the containment vessel was damage

34、d.”Japanese officials subsequently said that the explosion had damaged a doughnut-shaped steel container of water, known as a torus, that surrounds the base of the reactor vessel inside the primary containment building.Ruptures in the torus are serious, said Michael Friedlander, a senior nuclear pow

35、er plant operator for 13 years at three plants in the United States, including three years at aGeneral Electricboiling water reactor very similar to the ones in trouble in Japan. But the torus is not as important as the reactor vessel itself, which has 6.7-inch-thick steel walls and 8.4-inch-thick s

36、teel for its roof and floor. The vessel is designed to hold very high-pressure steam as well as the uranium fuel rods.The reactor vessel has 20 safety valves that during a shutdown of the reactor inject steam into a million-gallon “suppression pool” of water in a steel torus immediately underneath i

37、t.“Imagine if you had a big pressure cooker and you had a tube off the pressure cooker into a big tub of water the suppression pool is the tub of water,” said Mr. Friedlander, a defender of nuclear power who is now a money manager in Hong Kong.Steam vented into the suppression pool from the reactor

38、vessel is not supposed to be radioactive. But it becomes radioactive, and potentially very radioactive, if the fuel rods in the reactor vessel above have begun to melt.The atmosphere in the primary containment building, around the reactor vessel and above the suppression pool, is supposed to consist

39、 of inert nitrogen, with no oxygen at all. An inert atmosphere is used in the primary containment building to avoid the risk of oxygen explosions with hydrogen if the reactor starts producing much larger quantities of hydrogen gas than usual. Hydrogen gas is highly combustible with oxygen.Hiroko Tab

40、uchi reported from Tokyo, and Keith Bradsher from Hong Kong. David E. Sanger and Matthew L. Wald contributed reporting from Washington.A version of this article appeared in print on March 16, 2011, on page A12 of the New York edition.英语 中文 HYPERLINK /# l # o 点击朗读 HYPERLINK / 复制美国军事修订了其计划,因为辐射来自植物恶化了

41、。一些美国战舰,曾预计到达tsunami-shattered东北海岸的本州岛均转往西海岸而不是因为担心辐射,海军说。海军也承诺继续救援任务的直升机即使很多更多是被检测呈阳性,低级暴露于辐射,即使美国军人和他们的家属,在日本Atsugi基地都被鼓励去防范放射线照射。早晨,总理周二晚些时候Naoto侃警告说在一个全国性的电视地址上升的辐射。先生Edano,内阁官房长官敦促人们对居住在大约18英里的植物来采取一些预防措施。”请不要到外面去,请呆在室内,请关上窗户,使您的家园密闭的,”他说。天野学长,Yukiya的总执行官说,国际原子能机构在组织的维也纳总部,那里有一个“损失”的可能性在反应堆核心2号

42、,但损害”预计将是少于5%的燃料。”突然转折的事件,发生爆炸,星期一将在一个反应器,然后一次清晨爆炸星期二在另一个-第三个将在4天的在植物-早已在危机中的植物核事故以来最严重的灾害二十五年前切尔诺贝利反应堆。它已经变成不可能继续保持在许多地区的工人在工厂内长期出缺,该机构说。在东京,纽约大都会政府星期二说,它已经发现正常辐射水平的20倍以上城市上空,虽然它强调,这种程度的威胁,不会构成直接的卫生,阅读已经下降了自那时起。爆炸在反应堆2号,一个小后在周二早上6点,尤其是警告日本官员和核能世界各地的专家,因为它是第一个出现在植物爆内发生的主要密封容器。那些建筑物是fortresslike钢结构和钢

43、筋混凝土的膨胀罐专用于吸收的影响,一架飞机失事和最小化的辐射泄漏。经过一系列的相矛盾的报导有多大的伤害,持续了反应器的冲击波,先生Edano后说:“这是一个相当高的概率,令部分包含容器被损坏。”日本官员后来表示,这次爆炸破坏了一个doughnut-shaped钢容器的水中,被称为一个环,围绕基地的反应堆容器内的主要遏制建筑。环的破裂情况较为严重,迈克尔说影视人类学社,一位高级核电站算子的13年,在三种植物在美国,其中包括3年的通用电气沸水反应堆非常类似于那些麻烦在日本。但环并不重要,重要的是将反应堆容器本身,这已经6.7-inch-thick钢钢墙和8.4-inch-thick为其屋面板和楼。

44、本船设计把握得很高压蒸汽以及铀燃料棒。有20的反应堆容器安全阀,在注入蒸汽的反应堆的关闭成一个million-gallon池”的“抑制钢铁环水立即在底下。“想象一下,如果你有一个大压力锅和你有管状从压力锅变成一个大盆的水-抑制池是盆的水,”说,一名后卫先生影视人类学社核电谁现在是一个资金经理在香港。蒸气池排入抑制从反应堆容器不应该有放射性。但它变成辐射性的,潜在的强烈的放射性,如果燃料棒在反应堆容器上面已经开始融化。小学里的气氛,围绕着遏制建筑反应堆容器及以上的压制游泳池,应该由惰性氮气,如果没有氧气。一种惰性气氛中使用,以避免主要包含建筑的风险与氢如果氧反应器内爆炸开始产生更大的数量比平常的

45、氢。氢是易燃和氧气。在东京,Hiroko Tabuchi报道和基思Bradsher来自香港。大卫大肠桑格和马修。l .伊贡献报告从华盛顿报道。一个版本的这篇文章出现在打印在3月16日,2011年,页A12纽约的版本。March 15, 2011Last Defense at Troubled Reactors: 50 Japanese WorkersByKEITH BRADSHERandHIROKO TABUCHICorrection AppendedA small crew of technicians, braving radiation and fire, became the only

46、 people remaining at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station on Tuesday and perhaps Japans last chance of preventing a broader nuclear catastrophe.They crawl through labyrinths of equipment in utter darkness pierced only by their flashlights, listening for periodic explosions as hydrogen gas esc

47、aping from crippled reactors ignites on contact with air.They breathe through uncomfortable respirators or carry heavy oxygen tanks on their backs. They wear white, full-body jumpsuits with snug-fitting hoods that provide scant protection from the invisible radiation sleeting through their bodies.Th

48、ey are the faceless 50, the unnamed operators who stayed behind. They have volunteered, or been assigned, to pump seawater on dangerously exposed nuclear fuel, already thought to be partly melting and spewing radioactive material, to prevent full meltdowns that could throw thousands of tons of radio

49、active dust high into the air and imperil millions of their compatriots.They struggled on Tuesday and Wednesday to keep hundreds of gallons of seawater a minute flowing through temporary fire pumps into the three stricken reactors, Nos. 1, 2 and 3. Among the many problems that officials acknowledged

50、 on Wednesday was what appeared to be yet another fire at the plant and indications that the containment vessel surrounding a reactor may have ruptured. That reactor, No. 3, appeared to be releasing radioactive steam.The workers are being asked to make escalating and perhaps existential sacrifices t

51、hat so far are being only implicitly acknowledged: Japans Health Ministry said Tuesday it was raising the legal limit on the amount of radiation to which each worker could be exposed, to 250 millisieverts from 100 millisieverts, five times the maximum exposure permitted for American nuclear plant wo

52、rkers.The change means that workers can now remain on site longer, the ministry said. “It would be unthinkable to raise it further than that, considering the health of the workers,” the health minister, Yoko Komiyama, said at a news conference. There was also a suggestion on Wednesday that more work

53、ers may be brought to help save the power station.Tokyo Electric Power, the plants operator, has said almost nothing at all about the workers, including how long a worker is expected to endure exposure.The few details Tokyo Electric has made available paint a dire picture. Five workers have died sin

54、ce the quake and 22 more have been injured for various reasons, while two are missing. One worker was hospitalized after suddenly grasping his chest and finding himself unable to stand, and another needed treatment after receiving a blast of radiation near a damaged reactor. Eleven workers were inju

55、red in a hydrogen explosion at reactor No. 3.Nuclear reactor operators say that their profession is typified by the same kind of esprit de corps found among firefighters and elite military units. Lunchroom conversations at reactors frequently turn to what operators would do in a severe emergency.The

56、 consensus is always that they would warn their families to flee before staying at their posts to the end, said Michael Friedlander, a former senior operator at three American power plants for a total of 13 years.“Youre certainly worried about the health and safety of your family, but you have an ob

57、ligation to stay at the facility,” he said. “There is a sense of loyalty and camaraderie when youve trained with guys, youve done shifts with them for years.”Adding to this natural bonding, jobs in Japan confer identity, command loyalty and inspire a particularly fervent kind of dedication. Economic

58、 straits have chipped away at the hallowed idea of lifetime employment for many Japanese, but the workplace remains a potent source of community. Mr. Friedlander said that he had no doubt that in an identical accident in the United States, 50 volunteers could be found to stay behind after everyone e

59、lse evacuated from an extremely hazardous environment. But Japanese are raised to believe that individuals sacrifice for the good of the group.The reactor operators face extraordinary risks. Tokyo Electric evacuated 750 emergency staff members from the stricken plant on Tuesday, leaving only about 5

60、0, when radiation levels soared. By comparison, standard staffing levels at the three active General Electric reactors on the site would be 10 to 12 people apiece including supervisors an indication that the small crew left behind is barely larger than the contingent on duty on a quiet day.2011年3月15