牛津上海版中考英语专题复习-14音标语调

1、第第 页课程主题：音标+语调授课时间:学习目标：教学内容中考词汇（十四）Since your father has gone to buy some sweet snack, please put the pork in the oven to roast before I am ready for the sauce.因为你父亲出去买甜点了，所以请在我准备好酱汁之前把猪肉放进烤箱烤起来。Scientists are investigating the effects of medicine on human s body, for example, the slow response.科学家

2、正在调查药物对人体的影响，比如，反应变慢。When the host looked out from the window, he found there were several holes in a row of wood fence around the new house. TOC o 1-5 h z 当主人向窗外看时，他发现新房子四周的一排木制篱笆上有几个洞。.Before you are present at debate, remember to shine the pair of shoes and put on the tidy trousersand never forge

3、t to wear a tie that matches your shirt.在你出席辩论赛之前，记得要擦亮你的鞋子，穿好整洁的裤子。还有别忘了戴好能搭配你衬衫的领带。The librari an pointed to the man and said she saw him stealing a key to the car from a reader sjacket pocket.图书管理员指着那个男的，说她看见他从一个读者的夹克口袋里偷走了车钥匙。.To our surprise, this new type of robot is even able to understand th

4、e Chinese poems, and then manages to translate them into English accurately.令我们吃惊的是，这种新型机器人甚至能够理解中文的诗词，然后能够将其精确地翻译成英语。. If this hardworking student wants to go abroad to go on his study, the foreign university willtest his language level before the beginning of the term.如果这个努力勤奋的学生想出国深造，外国的大学生将在学期开始

5、前对他的语言水平进行测试。Since the late of the 20 century, more and more Chinese companies have played an active role inthe international market and it leads to more and more dialogues and links between China and other countries.自从20世纪后期开始，越来越多的中国国公司在国际市场中扮演着积极的角色，这也导致中国和其他国家有越来越多的对话和联系。She didnt know why her s

6、on was always coughing until she found a pack of cigarette under the jeans while he was taking a bath.直到她儿子在洗澡，她发现了牛仔裤下面的一包香烟时,她才知道为什么她的儿子老咳嗽。If you see the steam rising, it means the water in the pot boils and then you can put the dumplingsinto the pot.如果你看到水蒸气冒出来了 ，就意味着水开了 ，你可以把饺子放到锅里了。a 一”一、专题知识梳

7、理一 48个英语国际音标英语国际音标，是标注 英语发音的一套符号系统。英语国际音标，在中国国内的英语教学中通称 国际音标 但与通常意义的 国际音标 并不等同。在中国英语教学中采用的英语国际音标元音20个，辅音28个，共48个。具体如下：.元音部分：1）、单元音：i:、i、2、?、u:、u、?:、?、a:可、e、?2）、双元音:ei、ai、?i、?刁、u?|、i?、au、?u注意，单元音也可以分为：1）、长元音:/a :/?:/?:/ /i:/ /u:/2）、短元音:/ ?/?/?/? /?/ /e/ /?/.辅音部分：p、b、 t、d、k、g、f、v、s、z、etr、dr、ts、dz、m、n、

8、?、h、l、r、j、w部分辅音字母（f, h, m, n, x, s, r）发音中第一个音素为元音，而元音字母 u发音中的第一个音素为辅音。总结:an f/ h/ l/ m/ n/ x/ s/ r/ a/ e/ i/ oa u/ b/ c/ d/ g/ j/ k/ p/ q/1/ u/ v/ w/ y/ z二元音的正确读音：1元音字母在重读音节中的读音a在开音节中 ei如：name plane Jane baby cake make take在闭音节中 ?如：bag dad hat map black backe在开音节中 i: 如：he these me Chinese bee green

9、tree在闭音节中o在开音节中在闭音节中在开音节中ai 在闭音节中o在开音节中在闭音节中在开音节中ai 在闭音节中i如:bike fly drive time nice kite如:fish big drink sit milk swim pig six eu 如：those close go hoe home no ? 如：clock not box shop sock doll orange dogu在开音节中 ju: 如：student excuse duty Tuesday在闭音节中 ? 如：bus cup jump much lunch duck在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母j l

10、 r s后面时读u:音，例如：June blue ruler super2.元音字母在非重读音节中的读音 a? 如： China another woman breakfast teacher water workeri orange comrade village cabbage ee hundred student open weekendi chicken pocket begin children?/i holiday beautiful family animalai exercise satellite o? second tonight somebody welcome ?u a

11、lso zero photou? autumn diffcultju: popular congratulation January动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读ei音，例如：operateu处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母j l r s后面时，读u(:)音，例如：July influence February issue3.兀首字母在重读首节中的特殊读首a 在w音后面发? want what watch wash qualitya 在 f n sk ph sp ss st th前发a: after plant graph ask grasp glass fast fatheri 在-nd -

12、ld 和 gh 前发ai find child light higho 在-st -ld 前发?u most postcard old coldo 在 m n v th 前发? come monkey love mother.-ed放在不同词尾发音不同。Examplel: helped brushed looked cleaned climbed lived played(1)清辅音结尾的动词(/ t /除外)+ ed时，ed发/ t / (2)浊辅音结尾的动词 (/ d /除外)或元音结尾的动词+ed时，ed发/d/Example2: painted wanted started neede

13、d 以/ t / / d /音结尾的动词+ ed时，ed发/ Id/,原单词音标中没有重音符号的，在书写音标时要增写重音符号。.定冠词the的读音 e.g. the mane?当其后的那个单词的第一音是辅音时c.f. the old man ei当其后的那个单词的第一音是元音时四、常见字母组合在单词中的读音常见字母组合在单词中的读音：是由两个字母搭配而成的一种固定组合。.两个辅音字母在一起，通常只发其中一个辅音字母的音。 两个不同的辅音字母在一起时，只发其中一个辅音字母的音。 如： wright know sign bomb 两个相同的辅音字母在一起时，只发其中一个辅音字母的音。 如：lett

14、er copper class ladder 另外：两个辅音字母在一起时，两个辅音字母也可都发音。 如：itself soft accept almo st.两个元音字母在一起，通常只发其中一个元音字母的基本音。 两个元音字母在一起时，发第一个元音字母的基本音。 如：boat people soul sea 两个元音字母在一起时，发第二个元音字母的基本音。 如：great believe height.辅音字母+le时，辅音字母前边的元音字母经常发长音。 如：able eagle people title noble辅音字母+le时，辅音字母前边的元音字母有时也可发短音。 如：couple d

15、ou ble poss ible.两个辅音前的元音字母经常发短音。 两个相同的辅音字母前的元音字母发短音。 如：carry little boss summer 两个不同的辅音字母前的元音字母发短音。 如：act neck lift soft 有时两个辅音字母前的元音字母发长音。如：almost east feast coast五语音知识：1）字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母只有a,e,i（y）,o,u2）音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有 48音素。即20个元音音素和28个辅音音素.3）元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。4）辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；

16、口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。5）音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。apple, student, teacher, understand。6） 开音节： a） 辅音 +元音+辅音 +e name bike home due;b）辅音+元音he, go, hi。7）闭音节：a）辅音+元音+辅音 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup;b）兀首+辅首it。8）重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。重音A）双音节词a）一般在第一个音节重读。letter, sorry。b）有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-,

17、 es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音。about, believe, address, decide, report, condemn, respect, compare,latinform , discuss, impress, mistake, enforce, prepare, employ, permit, escape, produce, exclaim, translatc）有de-, in-, re-, con-, pre-等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关，一般名词的重音在

18、第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上。record, record; insult , insult; conduct , conduct; present present; content, content。d）有些复合词和带有前缀re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-,等的词，有两个重音。outside, retell, well-known , unreal, fifteen, Chinese, pre-war, post-war。B)多音节词a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。difficult , communist, family, economy , opportuni

19、ty, democracy。b)有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节，但这些词按原来词根的重音读音carefully, indefinite, comfortable , conductor, according, disturbance, complicated , establishment。c)词尾有-eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify , -ion, -ious, -ity , ive 后缀的词，重音在 这些后缀的前个音节上。courteous, calligraphy , editorial , his

20、torian , periodic, mathematics, experience,sufficient , identify , translation, religious , curiosity , protective。d)词尾有-ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette后缀的词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个次重音。entertain, employee, mountaineer, Japanese, cigarette。二、专题精讲Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation

21、with others?A. I hope you can believe me.B. Luckily, nobody died in the accident.C. Who is the chief of your team?D. I bought a piece of furniture yesterday.Which of the following word matches the sound /mail /?A. mileB. mealC. mailD. mallWhich of the following word matches the sound /s ? g l/?A) si

22、ngleB) singerC)thinkD) thankWhich of the following underlined_parts_is different in pronunciation from the others?You can imagine how hard their life is.The car went out of control and crashed over the cliff.Do we really have to invite all my relatives to the wedding?His birthplace is Washington, bu

23、t he lives in San Francisco.Their idea sounds great. Which of the following is correct for the underlined word in the sentence?A) /gri:t/B) /greti/C) /greit/D) /grit/BAACC三、专题过关14年一模Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from others?A) My son has got a bad habit of smo

24、king.B) The old man always wears his blue hat.C) He was standing by the gate waiting for his mother.D) When she heard the news, she laughed happily.nce?The army attacked at night when the enemy was asleep. Which of the following is correct for the underlined word in the sennce?A. /a:m/B. /a:mi/C./am

25、i/D./eim/A. /a:m/B. /a:mi/C./ami/D./eim/Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation with others?A) Don t put youreet on the seat!B) We reached Los Angeles late at night.C) Could I have fish instead of ham?D) What s theemning of this?The serious haze (雾霾) caused many problem

26、s. Which of the following is correct for the underlined word in the sentence?A) / s i : ri ?s/B) /si : ri ?s/C) /seri ?s/D) /si ?ri ?s /Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from the others?She looked confident, but in fact she was very nervous.I was excited to hear t

27、hat I had passed the driving test.Cars had to be driven slowly because of thick fog.Jill hid his sisters bike to play a trick on her.Look! The police are searching for clues at the crime scene.Which of the following is correct for the underlined word in the sentence?A) / krem /B) / kri:m /C) / kraim

28、 /D) / krim /Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation with others?There is no reason for him to refuse me.The little girl in red is so cute.Don udge a person by his clothes.You can use my computer if you want.He did very well, but he failed to break the record. Which of

29、the following is correct for the underlined word in the sentence?A) brekB) bre 骂C)br 附D)br ?kWhich of the following underlined parts is different is pronunciation with others ?Students are allowed to choose the style of their school uniformsGreat changes have taken place in Shanghai since 1979.You h

30、ad a toothache because you ate too much spicy food.The Smiths seldom go to church, but they believe.Which of the following words matches the sound /laif/?A. laughB. leafC. lifeD. loafWhich of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from the others?The gate is too narrow for a ca

31、r to get through.The facts allow no other explanation.A row of children are standing in front of the chairs.You can borrow money from the bank to buy your new house.Jenny studies English hard and she can usually get good marks. Which of the following is correct for the underlined word in the sentenc

32、e?A)/?:/B)/a:/C)/ei/D)/ai/Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from others?A) We are trying to build a base on the moon.B) What do you think of the case?C) These old people often dance in the square.D) Shall we have a race now?It is important for us to keep a promise

33、. Which of the following is correct for the underlined word in the sentence?A) pr?mesB) pr?:m?5C)pr?:mesD)pr?m?sWhich of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation with the three others?Tom needs some information for his project.I have many questions to ask you.His situation is eve

34、n worse than before.Cars are a major source of pollution.You can never get a straight answer from him. Which of the following is correct for the underlined word in the sentence?A)/strait/C) /strset/L) /strict/Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from others?My father

35、 asked me to driver slowly.I walked for miles without seeing a house.Study as you were to live forever.I used to hide myself when I was young.We always say please whenever we ask someone to do things. Which of the following is correct for underlined word in the sentence?A./pl?z/B./plez/C./pli:z/D. /

36、pl ?z/If you get nervous, take a deep breath to calm yourself down. Which of the following is correct in pronunciation for the underlined word in the sentence?A. /deip/B. /dep/C. /dip/D./di:p/A. /deip/B. /dep/C. /dip/D./di:p/Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from

37、others?If we donsm otke, our health will become better and better.We spent half a day going over all the lessons before the Chinese test.Don ;cross the road when the red light is on.Shall we collect some colorful stones for Mary?“ Damin finally pulled the fish into hisboat. Which of the following is

38、 correct for the underlined word in the sentence?A) / b?t /B) / b?t /C) / b?t /D) / ba% /Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from the others?A) The soldiers opened the secret door.B) Never jump into conclusions!C) Pet dogs often create a lot of mess.D) Ken told us a

39、 recent case.A crowd gathered outside the hotel. Which of the following I is corrected for the underlined word in the sentence? A)/ga:e?d/B)/g?e ?d/C)/geie?d/D)/gee?d/Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from others?A) We help people through the Red Cross.B) Her job

40、was to help wounded soldiers.C) He was careful not to touch the blood.D) He add some flour to thicken the soup.Which of the following word matches the sound se ?A) seemB) safeC) senseD) seatKeys:CBCDB CCBCC BBCDB ACCDC ADBCB14年二模When I was young, I always read books at night. Which of the following

41、is correct for the underlined word in the sentence?A)/ri:d/B) /red/C) /reid/D) /rid/Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from others?A) He acts as a killer in the film.B) When did you arrive at the airport?C) Can you help me fix the chair?D) What did you think of the

42、 final exam?Which of the following is correct for the underlined word in the sentence?I had some milk and bread for breakfast today.A) /bred/ B)/bri:d/ C) /br?d/ D) /bre?d/Which of the following underlined part if different in pronunciation with others?A) Look at the yellow duck.B) Please open the w

43、indow.C) How do you do?D) Follow me, pleaseShe is so helpful that she is always ready to help people in trouble. Which of the following is correct for the underlined word in the sentence?A) / tr au b l/ B) / tr ?u b l/ C) / tb ? D) / tb ?Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronun

44、ciation from the others?Please focus your attention on your papers, boys and girls.She likes to show off her new clothes in front of her friends.I think she should improve her learning methods.The boy picked a hole in his new sweater.Now the senior people in our country live a happy life. Which of t

45、he following is correct for the underlined word in the sentence?A./l?v/B. /liv / C./li:v/D./laiv/Monkeys seem to be naughty, and lovely when they are given bananas. Which of the following is correct for the underlined word in the sentence?A) / nautiB) / na: tiC) / n?: tiD) / n?utiWhich of the follow

46、ing underlined parts is different in pronunciation from others?The host usually speaks first at a meeting.Please pay attention to the missing part.The old are free to take a bus when it is not the rushing hour.Oh, how windy! Close the window, please.Sam attended a lecture this morning. Which of the

47、following is correct for the underlined word in the sentence?A) /le 2?/ B) /lekt ?/ C) / l?gw? d?/ D) /l ?ke?n/Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from others?A) There is a big house there.B) Mother shouted at her boy.C) Could I leave the room now?D) They vound thei

48、r keys.Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation with others?A) They usually ha_ve lunch at school.B) We re making a ph for the trip.C) You can keep the change, please. D) John is carrying a heavy box now.Which of the following words matches the sound /w ?:t?/?A) want B)

49、water C) waste D) waiterWhich of the following word matches the sound/ta:sk/?A) textB) taxC) task D) testWhich of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from the others?A) She had milk and bread for breakfastB) Tom had got a headacheC) I read an interesting story yesterdayD) Th

50、ere are so many leaves on the groundWhich of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation with others?A) There is not enough water.B) He stood there looking all round.C) Don t talk sooud.D) I am proud of my school.Which of the following word matches the sound feil ?A) fillB) failC)fe

51、elD) fallThe weather report says it will be cloudy tomorrow, Which of the following is correct for the underlined word in the sentence?A) / klu:di/B) /kb:di/C) klaudi/D) /kludi/Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from others?Online shopping is both cheap and conveni

52、ent.Mary seemed to be very pleased with the beauty around her.Id like to have some bread for my breakfast tomorrow.Look! The children are playing on the beach with the ball.Which of the following words matches the sound /r ai s/?A. race B. rose C. raise D. riceWhich of the following underlined parts

53、 is different in pronunciation from others?Tom searm is to work in a hospital.There must be a reason for his success.Go ahead! Take what you want.The sand on the beach is very hot.She heard very loud noise coming from the forest. Which of the following is correct in pronunciation for the underlined

54、word in the sentence?A h?到B h?:dCh a :d D he?dWhich of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from others?A Our flight was canceled.B My father has bought a DSLR camera.C Smoking can damage your health. D They are holding a debate on keeping pets.We shall not lose heart in the

55、face of difficulties. Which of the following is correct for the underlined word in the sentence?A. / h?:t / m B./ha:t /C. /hi?t /D./he?t/Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from others?take notes when having lessons.my friend will come along later.hope everything is

56、 all right with you.what he said is no more than a joke.Which of the following word matches the sound / t ?a: ns/?A) chanceB) chooseC) chains D) changesKeys: BBACC CBCBB CCBCD ABCCD CBDBB A四、学法提炼He is right.I can t hel认 you.There is a book on the desk. 一般疑问句在通常情况下采用升调，句子的最后一 实词用升调，其他部分保持平调。发音举例：Do y

57、ou / understand?Are you / ready?Is this your / book?Will you help / me?.特殊疑问句就是用what、when、where、why、which、how、whose 等特殊疑问句弓I导的疑问句，一般在 句子末尾用降调。发音举例：What time is it?When will you start?Why did you change your mind?Where can I check in?.选择疑问句由提问者给出几个选项供对方选择，在说话人所说的几项选择中，前面的选择用升调，最后一个选 择用降调，中间的连接词用平调。发音

58、举例：Shall we / walk or by bus?Do you want / coffee or tea? Was it / Betty or Alice?Is your clothes / red, / pink, or blue?.反义疑问句的疑问部分通常用升调，表示说话者并不失分确定陈述部分所表达的信息，用反义疑问句只是为了 简单的询问。发音举例：Mary will marry next week, / won t she?She is coming tomorrow, / isn t she?They went to the department, / didn t they?

59、You re going for a walk with me, / aren t you?.一般来说，感叹句采用降调表示强烈的感叹语气。 发音举例：How time flies!What a pity!How beautiful!What a small bag!.祈使句是用来表示命令的句式，语气较强，一般用降调。 发音举例：Be careful.Close the door.Leave me alone.Dont make any mistakes.上面这些关于语调的基本知识虽然总结起来条条框框”的，但在实际生活中，你常常会自觉地运用好各种语调来表达你的情感，比如说你想让淘气的孩子跟着你出

60、去，就会用降凋”的肯定的语气说到Come with me!;如果你还没有确定是否对方和你出去吃饭，就可以用升调问到Come with me ?,表示和我出去怎么样啊这种试探性”的语气；细细体会起来，什么场合用什么语调”还真是很自然的事情。今后在看美国原版影片”的时候，多多注意一下影片中人物的语音语调，模仿几次之后，你就可以灵活运用了！二、英语语调小窍门与练习语调，即说话的腔调，就是一句话里声调高低抑扬轻重的配制和变化。世界上没有一种语言是用单一的声调说出的，以英语为例，英语有五种基本语调：升调(/)、降调(/)、升降调(八)、降升调(V)以及平调(一)一句话除了词汇意义还有语调意义。所谓词汇意