【精编汇总版】俄狄浦斯王合集

1、【精编汇总版】俄狄浦斯王合集】7/7【精编汇总版】俄狄浦斯王合集Oedipus rexDate and circumstances of production are unknown. It is, however, known that Sophocles suffered defeat in the contests with this play, although it is generally regarded as his masterpiece.SOME twelve years before the action of th.e play begins, Oedipus has

2、been made King of Thebes in gratitude for his freeing the people from the pestilence brought on them by the presence of the riddling Sphinx. Since Laius, the former king, had shortly before been killed, Oedipus has been further honored by the hand of Queen Jocasta.Now another deadly pestilence is ra

3、ging and the people have come to ask Oedipus to rescue them as before. The King has anticipated their need, however. Creon, Jocasta* s brother, returns at the very moment from Apollot s oracle with the announcement that al 1 wi11 be wel1 if Laius murderer be found and cast from the city.In an effort

4、 to discover the murderer, Oedipus sends for the blind seer, Tiresias. Under protest the prophet names Oedipus himsel f as the criminal. Oedipus, outraged at the accusation denounces it as a plot of Crcon to gain the throne. Jocasta appears just in time to avoid a battle between the two men. Seers,

5、she assures Oedipus, are not infal1ible. Tn proof she cites the old prophecy that her son should kill his father and have children by his mother. She prevented its fulfillment, she confesses, by abandoning their infant son in the mountains. As for Laius, he had been killed by robbers years later at

6、the junction of throe roads on the route to Delphi.This information makes Oedipus uneasy. He recalls having killed a man answering Laius, description at this very spot when he was fleeing from his home in Corinth to avoid fulfi1Iment of a similar prophecy. An aged messenger arrives from Corinth, at

7、this point, to announce the death of King Polybus, supposed father of Oedipus, and the election of Oedipus as king in his stead. On account of the old prophecy Oedipus refuses to return to Corinth until his mother, too, is dead. To calm his fears the messenger assures him that he is not the blood so

8、n of Polybus and Merope, but a foundling from the house of Laius deserted in the mountains. This statement is confirmed by the old shepherd whom Jocasta had charged with the task of exposing her babe. Thus the ancient prophecy has been fulfilled in each dreadful detail. Jocasta in her horror hangs h

9、erself and Oedipus stabs out his eyes. Then he imposes on himself the penalty of exile which he had promised for the murderer of Laius.Plot BackgroundMuch of what consti tutes the myth of Oedipus takes place before the opening scene of the play. In his youth, Laius was a guest of King Pelops of Elis

10、, and became the tutor of Chrysippus, youngest of the king* s sons, in chariot racing. He then violated the sacred laws of hospitality by abducting and raping Chrysippus. This cast a doom over him and his descendants.The protagonist of the tragedy is the son of King Laius and Queen Jocasta of Thebes

11、. After Laius learns from an oracle that “he is doomed/To perish by the hand of his own son”, he tightly binds the feet of the infant Oedipus together with a pin and orders Jocasta to ki11 the infant. Hesitant to do so, she demands a servant to commit the act for her. Instead, the servant abandons t

12、he baby in the fields, leaving the babys fate to the gods. A shepherd rescues the infant and names him Oedipus (cr swollen feet). Intending to raise the baby himself, but not possessing of the moans to do so, the shepherd gives it to a fellow shepherd from a distant land, who spends the summers shar

13、ing pastureland with his flocks. The second shepherd carries the baby with him to Corinth, where Oedipus is taken in and raised in the court of the childless King Polybus cf Corinth as if he were his own.As a young man in Corinth, Oedipus hears a rumour that he is not the biological son of Polybus a

14、nd his wife Mcropc. When Oedipus cal Is them out on this, they deny it, but, still suspicious, he asks the Delphic Oracle who his parents really are. The Oracle seems to ignore this question, telling him instead that he is destined to nMate with his own mother, and shed/With his own hands the blood

15、of his own sire,. Desperate to avoid his foretold fate, Oedipus leaves Corinth in the belief that Polybus and Merope are indeed his true parents and that, once away from them, he will never harm them.On the road to Thebes, he meets Laius, his true father. Unaware of each other, s identities, they qu

16、arrel over whose chariot has right-of-way. King Laius moves to strike the insolent youth with his sceptre, but Oedipus throws him down from the chariot and kills him, thus fulfil 1 ing part of the oraclc，s prophecy. Shortly after, he solves the riddle of th。Sphinx, which has baffled many a diviner:用

17、at is the creature that walks on four legs in the morning, tiro legs at noon, and three in the eveningTo this Oedipus replies, Man” (who crawls on all fours as an infant, walks upright later, and needs a walking stick in old age), and the distraught Sphinx throws herself off the cl iffsido. Oedipus,

18、 s reward for freeing the kingdom of Thebes from her curse is the kingship and the hand of QueenDowager Jocasta, his biological mother. The prophecy is thus fulfilled, although none of the main characters know it.古希腊索福克利斯的戏剧代表格模板作之一。约公元前430前426年首演。它取材于 希腊神话传说屮关于俄狄逋曲杀父娶母的故事，展示了富布典型意义的希腊悲剧辩说 人跟命运的辩说。剧

19、作家无法摆脱其时浓重的命运看法，使俄狄浦斯逃蜕不了体 现命运的太阳神“神示”的坎阱。但他对命运抱有强烈的不满情绪，认为俄狄浦斯并不 是冇意杀父娶母，木人不光没有罪，反而是一个为平易近除害的英雄、受人爱戴的灯王。 俄狄浦斯智援超群，酷好邦国，大公无私。在命运面前，他不是個声帖耳城苦苦苦求， 而是奋起抗争，设法逃离“神示”的预言。继而，他猜破女妖的谜语，为平易近除了害。最 后，为了补救人平易近的瘟疫灾难，他掉臂一切地追査戕害前王的凶手，一旦女相大门， 乂勇于承当责任，主动苦求将他放逐。对于这样一个为人平易近、为国家做了无数好事的 英雄所遭受的恶运，剧作家深感气愤，发出了对神的正义性的猜疑，控诉命运

20、的不公 和残酷，赞扬仆役公在跟命运奋斗屮所表格模板现出来的鹏强意志和英雄举动。因此，尽管 结局是凄凉的，但这种明知“神示”不成违而违之的和神，恰是对个人白主精神的行定， 是雅典仆从主平易近主派先进思想意识的反映。俄狄浦斯人物简介俄狄浦斯（Oedipus或（Edipus,偶然拼为Oidipous）是希册神话中忒拜（ Thebe） 的国王，是国王拉伊奥斯（Laius）和王后约卡斯塔（Jocasta）的儿广，他在不知怙的 怙况下，杀死了本人的父亲并娶了白己的母亲。拉伊奥斯年轻时曾经劫走国王佩洛普 斯（Pelops）的儿/克律西波斯（Chrysippus）,因此遭到诅咒，他的儿/俄狄浦斯出 生时，神谕

21、衣示他会被儿f所杀死，为了躲避命运，拉伊奥斯刺穿了新生儿的脚踝 （oidipous在希腊文的意思即为“肿胀的脚”），并将他抛弃在野外等死.可是奉命执行 的牧人心生怜憫，偷偷将婴儿转送给科林斯（Corinth）的国王波门波斯（Polybus）, 由他们看成亲生儿了般地抚育长大。俄狄浦斯长大后，因为徳尔菲（Delphi）神殿的 神谕说，他会弑父娶母，不知道科林斯国王与王后并非门已亲生父母的俄狄浦斯，为 防止神谕成賞.，便分开科林斯并起誓永不再冋來。俄狄浦斯漂浮到忒拜附近时，在一 个岔路上与群陌生人发作辩说，失手杀了人，其屮正包括了他的亲生父亲。其时的 忒拜被狮身人面善斯芬克斯（Sphinx）所困，

22、因为他会抓住毎个路过的人，如果对方 无法解答他出的谜题，便将对方扯破吞食。忒拜为了脱困，便发布谁能解开谜题，从 斯芬克斯口中救援城邦的话，便时得到王位并娶国王的遗孀约卡斯塔为妻。其后恰是 由俄狄浦斯解开了斯芬克斯的谜题，补救了忒拜。他也承袭了上位，并在不知情的情 况下耍了门己的亲生母亲为妻，生了两个女儿：分辩是安提戈涅（Antigone）及伊斯 麗涅（Ismene）；两个儿子：埃忒奥克洛斯（Eteoclus）及波X涅克斯（Polyneices 其后，受俄狄浦斯统治的国家不竭有灾祸叮瘟疫，国王因此向神祇叨教，想要知道为 何会降下灾祸.最后在先知提瑞西阿斯（Tiresias）的揭示下，俄狄浦斯才知

23、道他是拉 伊奥斯的儿子，究竟应验了他之前杀父戰母的不幸命运。震惊不已的约卡斯塔忸捏地吊颈自杀，而同样悲愤不已的俄狄浦斯，则刺喀了自12的双眼内容简介一向昌盛的忒拜城俄然遭到了恶运，地皮荒芜，庄稼歉收，牲布瘟死，妇人流产:, 城邦在血红的波浪里顺簸不定，全城到处是求生的歌声和苦疝的呻吟。无尽的疝苦折 磨着众人，也令爱平易近如子的国王俄狄浦斯忧心如焚。这一切究竟是为什么？俄狄浦斯 派人淸来了阿波罗的神示：由于本年前一个人所犯的杀死前王拉伊科斯的弗攣，城邦 才遭此劫难。只守宽大凶手，才气救援城邦。剧梢川绕着寻找凶手而举行。全剧共有两个线索。其一是，忒拜牧人曾说拉伊俄 斯死在三岔口，其妻子伊俄卡斯特曾

24、提到拉伊俄斯的边幅、春秋、侍从人数以及被杀 的时间。这一切证明俄狄浦斯是杀死拉伊俄斯的凶手，但俄狄浦斯仍未想到那人是他 的父亲。另一线索是：科任托斯牧人吿诉俄狄浦斯，他并非波从波斯的儿子。当这两 个牧人相遇时，两条线索交织在一起，底细也就大白了。该剧通过倒叙的手法，环环 相扣，,步步地把戏剧辩说推向低潮，悲剧欠氛也随之趋于顶点：伊俄卡斯特自杀， 俄狄浦斯自刺双H后分开忒拜城，行乞涤罪。评价：俄狄浦斯王是索福克勒斯的剧作中最具霊撼力的一部。希腊人笃信命 运，这在悲剧中也仃所反映。埃斯库罗斯的奥瑞斯提斯被看做是命运剧，俄狄 浦斯王更是命运剧的代表格模板。可是，命运当然是不成打败的，俄狄沛斯并不是悲

25、观地 期待，而是展开英勇的奋斗，他的品徳，他那种完全掉臂本人凄凉的步履，他那种不 惜任何代价去寻求底细的决计，本身就是可歌可泣的，可以说，这是一曲人与命运作 决死奋斗的悲歌。情节底比斯禺臘疫风行，天神宣告，只疗戕害前王拉伊俄斯的凶手伏诛，才气消灾祛 祸。前王外出，匕卫兵一起遇害，至今不知凶手是谁。国王俄狄浦斯峻厉诅咒凶手， 并号令全国追査。先知却说，凶手就是俄狄浦斯本人。俄狄浦斯诞生时仃神谕，说他 将来公杀父娶母，于是他被摒除在荒山上，辗转成了科林斯国王之子。成年后他得知 神谕，为了遁藏杀父娶母的预言，逃出科林斯国,在途屮与人抢道，将主仆数人打死。 他来究竟比斯国，制服了狮身人而怪，被拥立为王，并娶其后为妻。俄狄浦斯这些经 历恰恰契合当初神谕所说的杀父娶母。颠末一番追査，证据俱在，俄狄浦斯恰是凶手