高考英语Module1《Europe》知识与要点外研必修3-精讲版课件

1、话题Europe(欧洲)功能Describing location(描述地理位置)语法1.Passive voice：present and past forms(现在时和过去时的被动语态)2Subject and verb agreement(主谓一致)重点词汇及拓展1.across prep.横过；穿过2face vt.面向；面对3mountain n山脉4project n计划；项目；工程5civilisation n文明6ancient adj.古代的7opposite prep.在对面8geographical adj.地理的9.feature n特点10situate v使位于si

2、tuated adj.坐落(某处的)situation n位置；处境11locate v位于的location n位置12govern vt.统治，治理government n政府13continental adj.大陆的；大洲的content n大陆14agreement n协议，契约agree v同意disagreement(反义词)n.不同意重点短语1.off the coast离海岸线不远的海上2be famous for因而著名be known as作为而闻名3ever since 自此，自从一直4in terms of依据；依照，在方面5.have control over对加以控

3、制6little by little逐渐地；一点儿点地7be faced with 面临8on the other hand另一方面重点句型1.France is Europes third largest country.法国是欧洲的第三大国2Italy is in the south of Europe.意大利在欧洲南部3.twice as big as the population of the United States.是美国人口的两倍。1face nC脸；相貌；表面；C面容；表情；C(物质的)表面；(建筑物的)正面vt.面临(困难等)，面对归纳拓展(1)face to face面对

4、面(作状语)facetoface面对面(作定语)in (the) face of面临；在面前lose ones face失去面子归纳拓展(2)face danger/difficulties面对危险/困难be faced with面临，面对例句：I was faced with a new problem.A new problem faced me.我面临着新的问题。France is Europes third largest country and faces the United Kingdom across the English channel.法国是欧洲第三大国，与英国隔海相望。

5、【链接训练】Lets fix a time _ a _ interview.Ato；facetoface Bfor；facetofaceCto；face to face Dfor；face to face【解析】句意为：让我们确定一个面对面采访的时间。facetoface作定语，而face to face(不用连字符)可作状语。“确定的时间”用fix a time for.。【答案】B_ with such great difficulty，Jack felt at a loss _.AFacing；what to sayBFaced；what to sayCHaving faced；how

6、to tellDBeing faced；how to speak【解析】be faced with 为固定短语，主句主语Jack与face之间是被动关系，故该空应填过去分词形式，作原因状语；不定式与what连用，在句中起名词作用，充当feel的宾语。【答案】B2range nC山脉，排；行；一系列；(变化等的)幅度；(知识等的)范围；区域；射程 v排列；将排成行；(在一定范围内)变动；变化归纳拓展(1)in/within range (of)在射程以内；在范围内beyond/out of range在射程以外，在范围外a wide range of interests兴趣广泛mountain

7、range 山脉(2)range from.to.在范围内变化range.in rows把排成列例句：The student has a wide range of interests.那个学生的兴趣广泛。The price of the house is well beyond our range.这所房子的价格远远超出了我们能承受的范围。The prices of the cars range from $50,000 to $120,000.汽车的价格在5万美元和12万美元之间。【链接训练】Whats the cost of your shirts here，sir?It depends

8、 on which fashion you want to buy，and the prices _ from 100 dollars to 500 dollars.Aincrease Brange Crank Ddiffer【解析】答句句意为：这取决于你要什么款式的，价格从100至500美元各不相同/不等。range from.to.“在范围内变动”。【答案】B3situated adj.坐落于(某处)的；位于(某处)的归纳拓展(1)be situated on/in/at.位于的，坐落在的；处于地位(境遇、状态)的be located at/in/on.位于的，处于位置注意：situate

9、d作形容词用时，多用于描述人或事物，意思是“处于境况”。be badly/well situated境况困难/良好(2)situate vt.使位于，使处于，坐落于situation n形势，境遇，情况；(建筑物等的)位置；立场，局势例句：All the apartments are beautifully situated overlooking the beach.所有的公寓都环境优美，俯瞰海滨。Ski Apache is located in southern New Mexico.阿帕契滑雪场位于新墨西哥州南部。Having six children and no income，I w

10、as badly situated.我有六个孩子却没有收入，生活十分困难。【链接训练】London is a most beautiful city in Britain，_the River Thames.Alocated in Blied onCsituated on Dstood in【解析】lie，stand意为“位于”时，用主动形式；locate，situate意为“位于”，用于被动结构，be situated on.表示“位于河畔/岸边”。【答案】C4opposite prep.在的对面(后面跟与位置相关的名词)adj.相反的，对面的adv.在对面；在对过n对立面；对立的人或物；反

11、义词归纳拓展(1)be opposite to在对面；与相反just the opposite恰恰相反(2)opposition n反对；抵抗；反击in opposition to反对(3)oppose vt.反对；使对立；抵抗be opposed to反对，对抗例句：The building is opposite to the bank.那栋建筑物在银行的对面。Marthas not shy at alljust the opposite in fact.玛莎一点儿都不腼腆，事实上正好相反。They are on strike in opposition to the lay off.他们

12、罢工以反对临时解雇。We are bitterly opposed to the racial discrimination.我们强烈反对种族歧视。【链接训练】There is a KFC _ the bookstore.Cross the street and youll find it easily.Aon the contrary of Bopposite toCopposite from Din front of【解析】句意为：书店对面有家肯德基餐厅。穿过这条街你就能很容易地找到。be opposite to意为“在的对面”，符合题意。【答案】B5sign n记号，符号；迹象；征兆；痕

13、迹；姿势 v签(名)；做手势；做记号；签署(文件、协议书等)归纳拓展(1)sign language手势语make/give a sign to对做手势a sign of.的标志/迹象(2)sign in签到sign out签字离开sign sb. to do sth.打手势让某人做某事(3)signature n签名put ones signature on/to the contract在合同上签名例句：A red sky at sunset is a sign of good weather.日落时的晚霞是好天气的征兆。The policeman signed the driver to

14、 stop.那警察做手势让那司机停下来。He signed his name on the painting which he had just finished.他在刚刚画好的画上签上了名字。【链接训练】The president_the telecommunications reform bill into law yesterday.Awrote Bsigned Cput Dplaced【解析】句意为：总统昨天签署电信改革法案使之成为法律。sign“签署(文件、协议等)”，符合题意。【答案】B6agreement n同意，一致；协定，协议归纳拓展(1)in agreement with符

15、合；同意；和一致make an agreement with与达成协议make/reach/come to/arrive at an agreement达成协议；取得一致意见(2)agree vi.&vt.同意，赞成的意见；与一致；承认，适合disagree vi.不一致，不适宜disagreement n意见不同；争执，不和，争论例句：If our talks go on like this，we will never reach an agreement.倘若我们的谈判照这样进行下去的话，是永远不会达成什么协议的。It was the Five Minds who kept to the

16、agreement that led to the end of the World War .由于“五巨头”坚持履行了协议，才使二战走向结束。His opinion is in agreement with mine.他的意见和我的一致。【链接训练】He appears honest，why do so few people believe in him?Because what he does is not always in_with what he says.Aagreement BconflictCtouch Drelation【解析】依据答句句意“因为他言行不一致”可知，in ag

17、reement with“与一致”符合题意。in conflict with“有争执，有分歧”；in touch with“与有联系”；in relation with“与有关系”。【答案】A1because of因为；由于归纳拓展(1)because of在句中一般用作状语，可置于句首或句末。(2)owing to意为“由于，因为”，在句中通常用作状语，可置于句首或句末。(3)due to意为“由于”，它引导的短语在句中一般用作表语或定语，但在很多场合，可与owing to通用，作状语。(4)on account of意为“因缘故，由于”，它引导的短语在句中通常作状语，可置于句首或句末。(5

18、)as a result of意为“由于的结果”，一般用作状语。(6)thanks to是介词短语，含有“幸亏、多亏、由于、因为”等意思。它引导的短语在句中用作状语时，大多放在句首，但也可以置于句末。例句：The plane arrived late because of the snowstorm.飞机因暴风雪晚点了。All flights into London Heathrow have been delayed due to/owing to/because of the thick fog.所有飞往伦敦希斯罗机场的航班均因大雾而延误。Thanks to the publics gen

19、erosity，weve been able to build two new schools in the area.多亏公众慷慨解囊，我们才得以在该地区建造了两所新学校。The accident was largely due to human error.这起事故主要出自人为的过错。【链接训练】He was late not only _ his illness but also _ he missed the train.Abecause；for Bbecause of；becauseCfor；because of Dbecause of；because of【解析】because o

20、f 后跟名词或代词，在句中作状语；because 后跟从句，故应选B。【答案】B2in terms of用字眼；从的观点(角度)；从方面来说归纳拓展in the long/short term就长/短期而言keep/be on good/bad terms with sb.与某人交情好/不好be on equal terms关系平等例句：In terms of customers satisfaction，the policy can not be criticized.说到顾客的满意情况，这个政策无可挑剔。 The companys prospects look good in the lo

21、ng term.公司的远景看好。My sister and I are on good terms with each other.我和我姐姐之间的关系很好。【链接训练】 Do you approve of the idea that success can be measured _ money alone?Ain case of Bin terms ofCin the opinion of Din favor of【解析】in terms of含有“依据，从方面来说”等意思，表示根据某种情况来说，符合题意。in case of意为“以防万一”；in favor of意为“支持，赞同”。【答

22、案】BI feel sure that_qualification，ability and experience，you are abundantly suited to the position we have in mind.Aon account of Bin spite ofCby means of Din terms of【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意为：我觉得就资历、能力、经验而言，你最适合我们设置的这个职位。on account ofbecause of“因为，由于”；in spite of“尽管”；by means of“以方式”；in terms of“就而言”，根据句意，选

23、D。【答案】D3on the other hand另一方面，反过来说归纳拓展at hand在手边，在附近；即将到来，即将发生at first hand第一手地，直接地at second hand第二手的；间接的；旧的；用过的hand in hand手牵手，携手；共同地in hand在手边；进行中的；在掌握中on (the) one hand.；on the other (hand).一方面另一方面例句：Father and mother wanted to go for a ride.The children，on the other hand，wanted to stay home and

24、play with their friends.父母想骑车出去兜风，另一方面，孩子们却想在家与朋友一起玩。On the one hand theyd love to have kids，but on the other，they dont want to give up their freedom.一方面，他们想要孩子，但另一方面，他们又不想放弃自由自在的生活。She stayed there to experience village life at first hand.她留在那儿亲身体验乡村生活。【链接训练】I dont want to buy the dictionary._， its

25、 too expensive；_I dont have enough money with me at present.ABecause；andBAt first；thenCOn one hand；on the other handDOn one hand；on other hand【解析】句意为：我不想买这本词典，一方面，它太贵了，另一方面，我此刻没有带足够的钱。on (the) one hand.，on the other (hand)“一方面，另一方面”，符合题意。【答案】C1Their work has influenced other writers ever since.从那时起他

26、们的作品就一直影响着其他作家。ever since自从一直；从那时起，一直到现在归纳拓展ever since自此，自从。表示以过去某一时间为起点持续到现在的某一动作或状态，常与完成时连用。与完成时连用的常见短语或词语有：by now到现在为止so far/up to now到目前为止in the last/past时间段在过去的内by the end of到为止recently/already近来/已经例句：Weve been friends ever since we met at school.我们自从在学校见面至今，一直是朋友。I havent seen my MP3 ever sinc

27、e.从那以后我再也没见过我的MP3。We havent had any trouble so far.迄今为止我们没碰上什么麻烦。【链接训练】_ when has the country been open to international trade?1978，I suppose.ASince BInCFrom DAfter【解析】since意为“自从”，常与现在完成时连用，表示动作从过去某个时候开始，一直延续到现在。根据特殊疑问句中的时态可判断要用since，since when表示“从什么时候”。in意为“(表示时间)在之内，在之后”；from用于表示时间，意为“从，自”；after表示

28、时间，意为“在以后”。【答案】AHave you known Dr.Jackson for a long time?Yes，since she _ the Chinese Society.Ahas joined BjoinsChad joined Djoined【解析】根据句子语境，本对话的问题部分为一个现在完成时的主句。since引导的状语从句回答的是从过去什么时候开始认识Dr.Jackson的，用一般过去时，故此处选D项。【答案】D2Italy is in the south of Europe on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea.意大利在欧洲的南端

29、，位于地中海沿岸。归纳拓展表示“某物在哪个方向”可用south/west/north/east等，构成如下几种表达方式：(1).is in the south of在的南部(在内部).is on the south of在南边(接壤).is to the south of在以南(在外部，不接壤)(2).is south of在南部(不指明在内部还是在外部)(3)借助there构成there be结构。注意：把表示方位、地点的介词或副词短语放到句首，句子用倒装语序。例句：In the south/west/north/east of the city is the house.South/Wes

30、t/North/East of the city is the house.那幢房子是在城市的南方(西方、北方、东方)。例句：Guangdong is in the south of China.广东在中国的南部。Jiangsu is on the south of Shandong.江苏在山东南面。Mexico is (on the) south of the USA.墨西哥位于美国的南面。There is a river in the north of our village.我们村庄北面有一条小河。East of our school lies a railway.我们学校东面有一条铁路

31、。【链接训练】_ of the Pacific Ocean _ Canada.AThe east；lies BEast；liesCTo the east；does lie DOn the east；does lie【解析】考查倒装。表示方位的east置于句首时，句子用倒装语序。句意为：太平洋在加拿大的东边。【答案】B1现在时与过去时的被动语态(1)一般现在时的被动语态构成形式：am/is/arep.p.(过去分词)例句：Rice is grown in the south of the state.该州南部种水稻。(2)一般过去时的被动语态构成形式：was/werep.p.(过去分词)例句：T

32、he building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.上月他们在建一个新的汽车工厂这件事上达成一致协议。(3)被动语态的用法不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。例句：The bridge was built last year.这座桥是去年建造的。He was elected chairman.他被选为主席。当更加强调动作的承受者时。此时动作的执行者由by引导，置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。例句：The tiger was killed by him.老虎被他杀死了。当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。例句：The wi

33、ndow was blown open by wind.窗户被风吹开了。表示客观的说明，常用“It is过去分词”句型。例句：It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.据说露茜已经出国了。【链接训练】The number of deaths from traffic accidents will be reduced greatly if people _ to obey the rules.Apersuade Bwill persuadeCbe persuaded Dare persuaded【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据句子意思及结构分析，应该是说服

34、人们而不是人们说服他人，因此用被动语态；又本题属于真实条件句，不是虚拟语气，故排除C项，答案为D。【答案】DIt is said that the pen _，so I bought one yesterday.Awrites well Bwrites goodCis well written Dis good written【解析】考查动词的主动语态表示被动含义。根据词性可以判断，write不是系动词，不能与形容词连用，故排除B、D项；选项C是对主语的评价，说明主语做得怎么样，而选项A说明主语“钢笔”的内在性质，根据句意可知选A。【答案】AOfficials say that few pat

35、ients _ with the virus owing to the effective prevention.Ainfected Bare infectedChave infected Dbe infected【解析】few patients与infect之间存在被动关系，所以要用被动语态，故选B。【答案】BThe flowers were so lovely that they _ in no time.Asold Bhad been soldCwere sold Dwould sell【解析】根据所提供的情景“The flowers were so lovely”，可判断出要用一般过去

36、时，表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。再根据the flowers与sell之间的关系确定用被动语态，表示“很快就卖完了”，故选C。【答案】CMonths ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea，which _ the Pacific，and we met no storms.Awas called Bis calledChad been called Dhas been called【解析】虽然去航海发生在过去，但是，海的名称不会随时间变化，所以要用一般现在时，故选B。【答案】B2主谓一致主谓一致是指主语和谓语必须保持人称和数

37、的变化的一致，即句中谓语的变化形式要根据句子主语的人称和数的形式决定。(1)有些集体名词，如crowd，family，team，orchestra (管弦乐队)，group，government，committee，class，school，union，firm，staff，public等，它们作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据语言内容而定。如果它们作为一个集体单位时，动词用单数形式，如就其中的各个成员来说，则谓语用复数形式。例句：His family is going to move.他们家要搬家。His family are very well.他们家每个人都身体健康。(2)有些表示总称意义的名

38、词，形式上是单数，而意义上却是复数，谓语动词要用复数形式，如people，police，militia，cattle，poultry (家禽)等。例句：It was common that cattle were allowed to graze on the village.在乡村放牛很常见。(3)单数主语、单个动词不定式、动名词短语以及句子作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式。复数主语，用and或both.and连接的动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。例句：Serving the people is my great happiness.为人民服务是我最大的幸福。

39、Both you and I are students.你和我都是学生。注意：(1)在what引导的主语从句中，如果表语是复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。例句：What mother bought are some books.母亲买的是一些书。(2)修饰语对主语的数没有影响。例句：The performance of the first three clowns was very funny.前三个小丑的表演很滑稽。(3)and所连接的两个词如指同一主体时，谓语则用单数形式，否则，谓语用复数。例句：A singer and dancer was present at the party toda

40、y.一位歌舞演员出席了今天的派对。A singer and a dancer were present at the party today.一位歌唱家和一位舞者出席了今天的派对。(4)有些代词只能指单数可数名词，当它们在句子中作主语时，尽管在意义上是复数，谓语动词仍要用单数形式。这类代词有either，neither，each one，the other，another，somebody，someone，something，anyone，anything，anybody，everyone，everything，everybody，no one，nothing，nobody等。例句：Neith

41、er likes the friends of the other.两人都不喜欢对方的朋友。Everything around us is matter.我们周围的所有东西都是物质。(5)none接不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词为单数；接可数名词复数时，谓语单复数均可。例句：None of us seem/seems worried.我们没有一个人显得忧虑。(6)两个主语用or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.，not.but.连接起来，谓语与靠近的主语的数一致。例句：You or I am wrong.你或者我是错的。(7)在There be

42、.句型中，如果有两个以上的并列主语，谓语往往与第一个主语一致。例句：There is a book and two pens on the desk.桌子上有一本书和两支钢笔。There are two pens and a book on the desk.桌子上有两支钢笔和一本书。(8)一个主语后面跟有with.，together with.，as well as.，like.，but.，except.引导的短语时，谓语不受这些短语的影响，仍与前面的主语一致。例句：John，together with his wife，was at the party.约翰和他的妻子出现在晚会上。Nothing but two tables was seen in the room.房间里除了两张桌子什么都看不到。(9)由quantities of.或amounts of.名词构成的主语，谓语动词用复数。例句：Large quantities of foo