高二英语MUnitGrammar-精讲版课件

1、牛津高中英语模块六Unit 4Grammar & usageSubjunctive Mood虚 拟 语 气Revision条件从句If 从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去将来过去式(were)had donewould/could/should/might +do would/could/should/might +have done1. 过去式(were)2. should + do3. were to dowould/could/should/might +do一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法 Would, could and might are often inte

2、rchangeable, but with some differences in meaning.would intention; plancould ability; possibilitymight probability2) In written English or in formal situation, we usually use were in If-clauses in place of was. However, in everyday conversation, was is often used.TIPS3)假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中有should， were，

3、had 动词可以把 if省略，并将这三个词提至句首。 If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up. If it were not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties. Were it not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中有should， were， had 动词可以把 if省略，并将这三个词提至句首。 If

4、I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up. If it were not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties. Were it not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中有should， were， had 动词可以把 if省略，并将这三个词提至句首。 If I were you, I would give it up

5、. Were I you, I would give it up. If it were not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties. Were it not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中有should， were， had 动词可以把 if省略，并将这三个词提至句首。 If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it

6、up. If it were not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties. Were it not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties. 如果你没有开着窗户睡觉的话, 你就不会感冒了。 如果你没有开着窗户睡觉的话, 你就不会感冒了。If you had not slept with thewindow open, you would not havecaught a cold.2) 要不是明天有测验我今天晚上就 去听音乐会。2) 要

7、不是明天有测验我今天晚上就 去听音乐会。If I were not to have a test, Iwould go to the concert tonight.3) 如果他在这儿的话，他会帮我们 的。3) 如果他在这儿的话，他会帮我们 的。If he were here, he would help us.如果他抓紧时间，他本来能赶上那趟火车。 If he had hurried, he could have caughtthe train. 假如我有更多的时间，我就会学习法语。If I had more time, I would study French.假如我要出国，我就会去法国。

8、 If I were to go abroad, I would go toFrance.虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点： 假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与 主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做 错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓 语动词要依照假设的时间而定。 If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better. If you had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in trouble.虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点： 假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与 主句所

9、假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做 错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓 语动词要依照假设的时间而定。 If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better. If you had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in trouble.虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点： 假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与 主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做 错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓 语动词要依照假设的时间而定。 If the weather had been finer, the

10、 crops would be growing still better. If you had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in trouble.虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点： 假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与 主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做 错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓 语动词要依照假设的时间而定。 If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better. If you had followed the teachers advice, y

11、ou wouldnt be in trouble.虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点： 假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与 主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做 错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓 语动词要依照假设的时间而定。 If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better. If you had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in trouble.Mixed conditionals We use mixed conditionalswhen the ma

12、in clause andthe if-clause are about different tenses. e.g. If you had come and attended the meeting yesterday, you would know what we are doing now. e.g. If you had come and attended the meeting yesterday, you would know what we are doing now. If you had followed my advice, youwould not be in troub

13、le now. e.g. If you had come and attended the meeting yesterday, you would know what we are doing now. If you had followed my advice, youwould not be in trouble now.注意：翻译时，要注意体现出对不同时态的虚拟。(Note 1,Page 56)Practice Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right now. are B. wereC. would be D. would hav

14、e been2. _ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.Will there be B. Should there beC. There will be D. There should bePractice Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right now. are B. wereC. would be D. would have been2. _ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.Will t

15、here be B. Should there beC. There will be D. There should bePractice Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right now. are B. wereC. would be D. would have been2. _ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.Will there be B. Should there beC. There will be D. There should be3. _ today

16、, he would get there by Friday. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave4. Should it rain, the crops _ .would be saved B. would have been savedC. will be saved D. had been saved3. _ today, he would get there by Friday. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D

17、. If he leave4. Should it rain, the crops _ .would be saved B. would have been savedC. will be saved D. had been saved3. _ today, he would get there by Friday. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave4. Should it rain, the crops _ .would be saved B. would have been savedC.

18、 will be saved D. had been savedImplied conditionals Implied conditionals We use otherwise, or and phrasesbeginning with with, without andbut for to replace an if-clause inimplied conditionals.1. Without air , there would be no living things. 2. But for your help , I couldnt have done it.1. Without

19、air , there would be no living things. 2. But for your help , I couldnt have done it.(If there were not air)1. Without air , there would be no living things. 2. But for your help , I couldnt have done it.(If there were not air)(If it hadnt beenfor your help)3. I was busy that day. Otherwise I would

20、have gone there with them.3. I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them.(If I hadnt been busy that day, I would have gone there with them.) 3. In adverbial clauses introduced by even if, as if, as though and if only ,wish.we can use unreal conditionals.as if (=as though)wish/if

21、 only 现在：过去：未来：过去式（were）had doneWould/could do Even if 引导的虚拟从句与if 的用法一样 I wish I were a bird.（现在） I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.（过去）3. We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. （将来） I wish I were a bird.（现在） I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.（过去）3. We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. （将来） I wi

22、sh I were a bird.（现在） I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.（过去）3. We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. （将来） I wish I were a bird.（现在） I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.（过去）3. We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. （将来）I wish I were as tall as you.I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一样高。I wish I were

23、as tall as you.我希望和你一样高。He wished he hadnt said that.I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一样高。He wished he hadnt said that.他希望他没讲那样的话。I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一样高。He wished he hadnt said that.他希望他没讲那样的话。I wish it would rain tomorrow.I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一样高。He wished he hadnt said

24、 that.他希望他没讲那样的话。I wish it would rain tomorrow.我希望明下雨就好了。If only I knew his name!If only we had followed your advice!If only I could see him again!If only I knew his name!If only we had followed your advice!If only I could see him again!要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。If only I knew his name!If only we had follo

25、wed your advice!If only I could see him again!要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了！If only I knew his name!If only we had followed your advice!If only I could see him again!要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了！If only our parents could live with us!If only I knew his name!If only we had followed your advice!If

26、only I could see him again!要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了！If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt missed the train! 即使生了病，他也去办公室。 即使生了病，他也去办公室。 Even if he were ill, he would go to his office. 即使生了病，他也去办公室。 Even if he were ill, he would go to his office. 他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人 似的。 即使生了病，他也去办公室

27、。 Even if he were ill, he would go to his office. 他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人 似的。 He treated me as if I were a stranger. 即使生了病，他也去办公室。 Even if he were ill, he would go to his office. 他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人 似的。 He treated me as if I were a stranger. 她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实 看过一样。 即使生了病，他也去办公室。 Even if he were ill, he would go to h

28、is office. 他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人 似的。 He treated me as if I were a stranger. 她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实 看过一样。 She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. would rather that现在：过去：未来： 过去式（were)had done过去式（were) I would rather you paid me now. (2) would rather that现在：过去：未来：过去式（were)had done过去式（were) I would rat

29、her you paid me now. I would rather you had gone, too. Dont come. (2) would rather that现在：过去：未来：过去式（were)had done过去式（were) I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had gone, too. Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow. (2) would rather that现在：过去：未来：过去式（were)had done过去式（were)表示要求，命令，建议

30、的虚拟语气。常见动词： 一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即 insist2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose4. demand , require, request, desire 宾语从句。常见动词： 一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即 insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose4. demand , require, request, desire后面跟一从句,谓语动词用(should)+do 我们建议Tom 去休息一下。 他坚决要求我到场。 国王命令囚犯明天

31、要实施死刑。 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。We suggested that Tom have a rest. 我们建议Tom 去休息一下。 他坚决要求我到场。 国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。We suggested that Tom have a rest.He insisted that I (should ) be present. 我们建议Tom 去休息一下。 他坚决要求我到场。 国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。We suggested that Tom have a rest.He insisted that I (shou

32、ld ) be present.The king ordered that the prisoners bekilled the next day. 我们建议Tom 去休息一下。 他坚决要求我到场。 国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。We suggested that Tom have a rest.He insisted that I (should ) be present.The king ordered that the prisoners bekilled the next day.They requested that we (should) sendth

33、em to work there. 我们建议Tom 去休息一下。 他坚决要求我到场。 国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。注意： 如 suggest, insist 不表示建议 或“坚持要某人做某事时”，即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。1. The guard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules.2. He insisted that she _ (be) seriously ill and that _ (send) to hospitals at once.3. H

34、e suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once.4. His pale face suggested that he _(be) ill.1. The guard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules.2. He insisted that she _ (be) seriously ill and that _ (send) to hospitals at once.3. He suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once.4. His pa

35、le face suggested that he _(be) ill.obey1. The guard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules.2. He insisted that she _ (be) seriously ill and that _ (send) to hospitals at once.3. He suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once.4. His pale face suggested that he _(be) ill.obeywas1. The gu

36、ard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules.2. He insisted that she _ (be) seriously ill and that _ (send) to hospitals at once.3. He suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once.4. His pale face suggested that he _(be) ill.obeywasbe sent1. The guard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obe

37、y) the rules.2. He insisted that she _ (be) seriously ill and that _ (send) to hospitals at once.3. He suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once.4. His pale face suggested that he _(be) ill.obeywasbe senthave1. The guard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules.2. He insisted that she _

38、 (be) seriously ill and that _ (send) to hospitals at once.3. He suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once.4. His pale face suggested that he _(be) ill.obeywasbe senthavewas以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。 order, advice, suggestion,proposal, demand, request, desire Its suggest

39、ed that the plan be carried out. Its suggested that the plan be carried out. My demand is that she should come to see me once a week. Its suggested that the plan be carried out. My demand is that she should come to see me once a week. All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be

40、closed down.某些主语从句中要用虚拟语气：某些主语从句中要用虚拟语气：1. Its necessary /strange/ natural/ important + thatClause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即 （should）+动词原形 2. Its (about/high) time + that + did 某些主语从句中要用虚拟语气：1. Its necessary /strange/ natural/ important + thatClause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即 （should）+动词原形1. It is important that we ( should )

41、 master a foreign language.It is strange that she refuse to cometo the party.Its necessary that we should studyhard.2. Its (about/high) time +that 2. Its (about/high) time +that did2. Its (about/high) time +that should dodid2. Its (about/high) time +that should dodid你该走了。Its high time that you went.

42、Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.2. Its (about/high) time +that should dodid你该走了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.2. Its (about/high) time +that should dodid你该走了。Its high time that you went.Its high time

43、that you were going.Its high time that you should go.2. Its (about/high) time +that should dodid你该走了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.2. Its (about/high) time +that should dodid你该走了。我们该去睡觉了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that y

44、ou were going.Its high time that you should go.Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 2. Its (about/high) time +that should dodid你该走了。我们该去睡觉了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.Its time that we went to bed.Its time

45、that we should go to bed. 2. Its (about/high) time +that should dodid你该走了。我们该去睡觉了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. Part B AnswersPart B Answers(1) WithoutPart B Answers(1) Without (2) otherwise/orPart B Answers(1) Without (2) otherwise/or(3) otherwise/orPart B Answers(1) Without (2) otherwise/or(3) otherwise/or (4) wishPart B Answers(1) Without (2) otherwise/or(3) otherwise/or (4) wish(5)WithPart B Answers(1) Withou