高考预测非谓语动词用法归纳总结文档

1、非谓语动词用法总结 非谓语动词是历年高考英语的重要考点之一,也是较难把握的难点之一；它贯穿于英语 学习和考试过程的始终；但是,只要认真分析,透彻懂得,看透本质,精确把握,就一 定能在高考中运筹帷幄,游刃有余； 一非谓语动词区分简表 类别 to do doing done 区分 含义 主动被动同位或将来 主动或（正在）进行 被动或完成 成分 （名词）主语,宾语,表 （动名词） 主语, 宾语, 表语, （过去分词） 语 定语（表用途） 作 定 语 , 状 （不定式）定语,状语, 现在分词 定语,状语,补语 语,补语, 表 补语 语 （ 多 表 状 态） 否定 （not ） to do been n

2、otdoing notdone 时态 一般： to do 一般 :doing 一般： done 进行： to be doing进行 : 本身 进行：无 完成： to have done完成 :having done （只作状语） 完成：本身 完成进行 :to have 完成进行 : 无 doing 语态 一般被动： to be done 一般被动 :being done 本身 进行被动：无 进行被动 : 本身 完成被动： to have been 完成被动 :having been done done 完成进行被动 : 无 完成进行被动 :无 作用 作目的状语,条件状语, 作时间状语,条件状语

3、,缘由 作时间状语, 缘由状语,结果状语 状语,结果状语,方式状语, 条件状语, 原 相伴状语,让步状语 因状语,方式 状语,相伴状 语,让步状语 二不定式的用法 不定式不行作谓语,但它可以有自己的宾语,状语,构成不定式短语,在句中可以作 主语,宾语,表语,定语（表用途） ,状语或补足语；高考对不定式的考查主要有不定 式的时态,语态,作用,否定,省略,连词不定式等； 1. 作主语 1第 1 页,共 18 页不定式作主语表示具体的动作,通常指一件已知的事或目的； 不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数； eg:To say is a thing,to do is another. 说是一回事,做是另外一

4、回事； （ 2）不定式短语较长时,通常放在谓语之后,用 it 作形式主语； eg: It is important to learn English well. 学好英语是重要的； It is necessary for us to do the job well. 我们做好这项工作是必要的； It is a great honor to be invited to give a speech here. 个极大的荣幸； 2. 作宾语 （ 1）常只用不定式作宾语的动词有： 被邀请在这儿发表演讲是一 want,wish,hope,long,expect,desire,intend,decide,

5、ask,promise,aim,offer,agree,plan,learn, choose,refuse,fail,manage,pretend 等； eg: He refused to help me. 他拒绝帮忙我 . She has agreed to come tomorrow. 他已同意明天来 . 2 不定式较长时,作宾语,也可用 it 代替,放在后面； eg;I find it difficult to do the job well. 3 特“殊疑问词 不定式 to do结构 ”具出名词特点,可作宾语； eg: She didn t know whether to go or

6、not. They haven t decided when and where to build the school. （ 4）不定式可作介 but,except,besides 除 之“外 ”的宾语,介词前有实义动词 do 的 任何一种形式,后边的不定式就无 to, 否就必带 to ； eg: I want to do nothing but play the computer games ； I have no choice but to wait ； 3. 动词不定式作表语 （ 1）不定式作表语放在 be 和其他系动词后,说明主语的内容；同样, “特殊疑问词 不定式 ”具出名词特点,

7、也可作表语； eg: My job is to sweep the floor. His goal was to enter the key university of Beijing. The first question is how to find a better way to learn English well. 2 不定式作主语时,表语也必需为不定式,结构必需保持一样； eg:To see is to believe. 3 假如主语部分的谓语动词或非谓语动词是实义动词 定式可以省去 to. eg: The first thing to do is find her. The on

8、ly thing he could do was tell the truth. 4. 不定式作定语 不定式作定语常放在所修饰的名词或代词后； do 的某种形式, 那么作表语的不 2第 2 页,共 18 页eg: I have something important to tell you. 不定式与被修饰名词构成被动关系； His wish to be an artist has never come true. 不定式与被修饰名词构成同位关系； He is the right man to do the job. 不定式与被修饰名词构成主动关系； The little girl was u

9、nhappy because she had no friends to play with. 不定式与被修饰 名词构成主动关系； （注：如不定式为不及物动词,其后须加上相应的介词； 5. 不定式作状语 不定式作状语主要是表示目的,条件,缘由和结果,可位于句首或句末,但句首时通 常用逗号隔开； eg: We set off early that morning to catch the first bus. （目的） To get a good result,she worked very hard. （目的） I feel it an honor to be invited to the p

10、arty. 条件 She was very happy to get the first prize. 缘由 He worked hard only to fail. 结果 注： 1.不定式常用在 so as 或 in order 后 ,与它们一起作谓语,表示目的,但 so as 引起 的不定式不行置于句首； eg: In order to avoid mistakes,check your homework. 2. 不定式表目的常和 only 连用,往往表示出乎意料的意想不到的不愿得到的结果； eg:He hurried to the station only to find the tra

11、in had left. 3“形容词 enough 不定式 ”和“ too形容词或副词（不表情感）不定式”也可作 结果状语； eg: He is old enough to go to school. He is too weak to raise the stone. 但 “ too表情感形容词 （ pleased,ready,glad,willing,anxioustoo 前面可用 only,but 等词修饰； 等）to do表”示确定意义, eg: They were only too anxious to leave. 他们只是太急于离开了； She is only too pleas

12、ed to go home. 她特殊兴奋可以回家了； 6. 不定式作补语 不定式作补语表示动作的完成；宾语与作补语的不定式之间是主动关系； （ 1）后接动词不定式作宾补的常见动词有： want,wish,expect,prefer,like,hate,ask,beg,request,require,beg,get,advise,persuade,invite ,order,remind,permit,allow,send,callon,wouldlike/love,arrange for,depend on 等； eg: She wanted me to arrive there early.

13、 Our headmaster call on us to work hard. （ 2）动词不定式可作感官动词（五看二听一感觉即： see,look at,watch,observe,notice ,hear,listen to ,feel）和使让动词（ let,make,have 等） 后面的宾补时,不定式符号 to 要省略,但假如句子变被动结构,必需带 to.表示动作的 完成； 3第 3 页,共 18 页eg: He made them climb the hill. They were made to climb the hill. 3 动词不定式可作形容词的补足语 动词不定式可作形容

14、词的补足语,句型为： 一主语系动词表语（ adj 为 convenient/easy/expensive/difficult/hard/impossible/pleasent 用主动表被动,其中 do 为 vt, 主语为 to do 的宾语； 等） to do. 注： to do 常 （二）主语 find/think/consider/believe/make 等宾语 adj to do. 注：其中 to do 常用主动表被动,其中 do 为 vt, 主语为 to do 的宾语； eg: He is easy to fool. The woman is easy to work with. H

15、e found the job difficult to work out. （） “特殊疑问词不定式 to do”具出名词特点,可作宾补； 谓语动词多为 show,know,teach,tell 等； eg:I ll tell you how to get there7 不定式作评注性状语或插入语 不定式可以作评注性状语或插入语 ,放在句子前面,中间或末尾；常见的有 to be frank, to be honest, to tell the truth, to begin with, to start with, to be short 等； eg:To begin with,I thin

16、k you are wrong. 三动名词用法 动名词具有动词和名词的特点,有一般式和完成式,有主动式和被动式,可作主语, 宾语,表语和定语 .否定形式在其前面加 not. （ 1）动名词作主语 动名词作主语表示抽象动作,指一件已知的事或体会； eg: Driving a car on the crowded road is boring. Reading is my hobby. （ 2）常只用动名词作宾语的动词有： admit,avoid,appreciate,consider,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,imagine,keep,mind,m i

17、ss,practise,risk,resist,suggest 等； eg: I can t imagine marrying her. She managed to escape being punished. 以下动词词组后面只接动名词作宾语： give up,belong to,look forward to,keep on,insist on,be busy,get down to,be devoted to,have difficulty/troublein,have a good/wonderfultime in 等； eg: I m looking forward to hear

18、ing from you soon. He gave up smoking three years. 3 动名词可作表语 4第 4 页,共 18 页动名词可作表语,一般为主语的内容 .表示一般性或习惯性的动作；在概念上可以和主 语划等号；把主语和表语倒过来,句子的基本含义不变； eg:His hobby is painting. 4 动名词可作定语 动名词可作定语,表示所修饰事物的功能或用途； eg:He often studies in the reading room. 四现在分词 现在分词具有动词,形容词和副词的特点,在句中作定语,状语,补语和表语； 1 作定语 现在分词作定语,单个 v

19、-ing 放在被修饰的名词前；假如短语作定语,就放在所修饰词 的后面； v-ing 作定语和被修饰词之间为主动关系,表示动作正在同时进行或经常性发 生； eg: the falling leaves the leaves which are falling the rising sun the sun which is rising I saw him go into the house facing south. 2 作状语 动词 -ing 或其短语作状语时,可以表示时间,条件,缘由,结果,让步,方式,相伴 等；表示时间关系的动词 -ing 短语可由连词 while 或 when 引出； e

20、g: Hearing the news,they got excited. 时间 Having finished his homework,she was playing on the playground. 缘由 Studying hard,you are sure to get the first prize. 条件 3 作补语 现在分词作补语表示动作正在进行,宾语与作补语的现在分词之间是主动关系； 后面常接现在分词作宾补的动词有感官动词（五看二听一感觉 see,look at,watch,observe,notice,hear,listen to,feel ）使让动词（ have,get

21、）以及其他类动词 leave,keep,catch,set 等；表示动作正在进行； eg: I saw them playing games on the playground yesterday. Don t leave him waiting outside the room. 作表语 现在分词作表语相当于形容词,常表示主语所具有的特点,含有主动意味；大多数使 动词的现在分词通常可作表语,常见的有： interesting,amusing,boring,tiring,pleasing,exciting,moving,disappointing,surpring,enco uraging 等

22、； eg: His story was very moving. The speech is really boring. 作评注性状语或插入语 可以作评注性状语或插入语 ,放在句子前面,中间或末尾； 注： “连词 +doing短语 ”一般情形下,分词作状语时,只能依据规律关系而不能依据语 法特点来判定它是时间状语,条件状语或让步状语等；因此,有时会遇到很难判定其 归属的情形；但假如在其前加上 when,if,once,since 等连词,就会很清楚地说明状语的 性质；对于这种结构,也可作另外的说明,即在连词与现在分词之间省略了主语和 be 动词； 五过去分词 过去分词既有副词的特点又有动词的

23、特点,在句中可作定语,状语,补语,表语等成 分； （ 1）作定语 过去分词作定语,它和被修饰词之间是被动,完成关系,单个过去分词 作定语放在前, 过去分词短语作定语放在后；其中及物动词的过去分词表示完成或被动概念,不及物 动词的过去分词只表示完成概念,没有被动的意味； eg: the risen sun the sun which has risen fallen leaves leaves which has fallen This is the house built sveral years ago.2 作状语 several years ago. This is the house w

24、hich was built 过去分词在句中作状语,说明动作发生的背景或情形；它和被修饰词之间是被动关系； 它在句中可以作时间,条件,缘由,方式,让步和相伴状语； eg: Tired out, they stopped to have a rest. 缘由 Taken around the city, we were impressed by the city s new look. Though warned of the danger ,he still went skating on the thin ice. 3 作补语 及物动词的过去分词作补语,和宾语之间构成被动关系；不及物动词的过

25、去分词作宾 补表状态和完成； 1 可以带过去分词作宾补的动词有感官动词（五看二听一感觉） ,使役动词 have,get,make 等,以及其他类动 eg: I can t get the car going. keep,leave,like,want,wish 等； I had my leg broken last week. （ 4）作表语 过去分词作表语表示被动意义,主语常是人,一般用来表示感受和状态,可以用作表 语的常见的过去分词有： astonished,delighted,disappointed,excited,experienced,exhausted,frightened,in

26、terested, puzzled,qualitied,satisfied,upset 等 ,有些过去分词作表语实际上已经构成固定短语； 如： be interested in,be satisfied with,be covered with,be dressed in,be seated,be locked 等； 能用这些分词作表语的系动词有 be,get,remain,stay 等； eg: The door remained locked. 6第 6 页,共 18 页We were greatly encouraged when we heard the speech. 六非谓语动词的

27、独立结构 非谓语动词的独立结构为 “名词或代词非谓语动词 ” 或 “ with名词 /代词非谓语动 词 ”；在语法上是一个独立的短语,不是句子（即：非谓语动词的规律主语与主句主语 不一样,须保留之后所构成的结构） 一 名词或代词非谓语动词 （ 1）名词 /代词不定式 ；可放在句首或句尾； 名词或代词通常为动作的执行者,与不定式构成规律上的主谓关系,可位于句首或句 末； eg:He will send me 100 first,the rest to follow in a year. 2 名词 /代词现在分词 名词或代词通常为现在分词所表示的动作的执行者,与现在分词构成规律上的主谓关 系； e

28、g :Time permiting,we finish the work. 表条件 Spring coming on,the trees turns green. 表时间 （ 3）名词 /代词过去分词 名词或代词通常为过去分词所表示的动作的承担者；与过去分词构成规律上的动宾关 系或系表关系； eg: The sigal given,the bus started. Their strength exhausted,they sank down one by one. 表缘由 （二） with 名词 /代词非谓语动词 （ 1）with 名词 /代词不定式 不定式和宾语之间 是被动关系,表示动作尚

29、未发生； eg:With nothing to do,they went out for a walk. （表缘由） 2with 名词 /代词现在分词 宾语和动词 -ing 之间是主动关系,表示的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生； eg:The boy slept with the light burning. （表相伴） 3 with 名词 / 代词过去分词 不定式和宾语之间是被动关系,表示动作已经完成； eg:They stayed inside with the door locked. （表相伴） 七非谓语动词的区分问题 （一）动词后接 to do 不定式仍是 doing 动名词的情形：

30、（ 1）只能接 to do 不定式的动词有： want,wish,hope,long,expect,desire,intend,decide,ask,promise,aim,offer,agree,plan,learn, choose,refuse,fail,manage,pretend 等； （ 2 ） 常 只 用 动 名 词 作 宾 语 的 动 词 有 ： admit,avoid,appreciate,consider （ 考 虑 ） dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,risk,resist

31、,suggest 7第 7 页,共 18 页等； （ 3）动词后二者都可跟,意义不同的有： remember to do sth 记起要做某事 remember doing sth 记起做过某事 forget to do sth 遗忘要做某事 forget doing sth 遗忘做过某事 regret to do sth 后悔要做某事 regret doing sth 后悔做过某事 接go on to do sth 着做另外一件事 go on doing sth 接着做同一件事 stop to do sth 停下来开头做另外一件某事 stop doing sth 停止做正在做的某事 try

32、to do sth 尽力做某事 试着做某try doing sth 事 mean to do sth 预备（意欲,妄图）做某事 mean doing sth 意味着做某事 can t help（ to） do sth 不能帮忙做某事 can t help doing sth 情不自禁地做某事 （ 4）动词后二者都可跟,意义相同的有： begin,start,like,love,prefer,hate 等；但是区 别在于：后接动名词时表示经常性的动作,后接不定式时表示的是具体的特定的动作； eg:I like playing football,but I don t like play now.

33、 重点提示：在以下情形下 begin 和 start 后只接不定式： .主语是物不是人； eg:Spring came on and the snow began to melt. .二者用于进行时 eg:It s begnining to rain. .二者后接表示心理活动或状态的动词； eg:I began to realize how stupid I was. .二者后接不定式的被动式； eg:The new type of computer began to be developed in the 1980 s. （二） “感官动词宾语宾补（ to do sth/doing sth

34、） ”的区分 感官动词宾语宾补（ to do sth ）表示事实或全过程 感官动词宾语宾补（ doing sth ）表示片段或进行 eg:The missing boys were last seen playing near the river. Did you see a pencil-box lying on the ground just now. 三个别 “使让动词宾语宾补”的特殊词的用法 1） have宾语宾补 have宾语 do“让 做某事 ”,不定式作宾补可以指现在, 将来或可能发生的动作； 8第 8 页,共 18 页eg: They had me repeat the mes

35、sage. I won t havyeou say such things. I won t have you blame it on me. have宾语 doing “让 始终做某事 ”,现在分词作宾补可以表示主语有意让别人去做 或无意引起某人可能去做或表示遭受； eg: Tom tried to have her no use. I won t have you speaking to your parents like that. 于否定句, have 有容忍之意； 注： have宾语 doing 用 Why should we have the boy standing in the

36、 corner the whole morning. have宾语 done“使 被做 ”过去分词作宾补可表示主语有意识的行为或表示 “遭 遇 ”,“经受 ”（动作违反主语的意愿） eg:We ought to have her examined by a doctor. The old woman had her handbag stolen. 2） get宾语宾补 get宾语 to dohave宾语 do“让 做某事 ”有时就是 “说服 /劝说某人做某事 ” eg:I will get the publisher to illustrate 加上插图 the book. get宾语 doi

37、ng“使 （静的物体）动起来 ”,具有进行含义； eg:I shall soon get the machine working. 3） get宾语 done“让 被做 ”用法与 have宾语 done基本相同； eg:He got his wrist broken. 习题练习： 2022 全国卷 I 27. The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house. A. rose C. to rise D. risen （ 2022 全国卷 II ）15. The island, to the mainland by a bridge, i

38、s easy to go to. A. joining B. to join D. having joined （ 2022 全国卷 II ）18Sarah pretended to be cheerful, nothing about the argument. A. says B: said C. to say （ 2022 北京卷） 25. It s important for the figures regularly. A. to be updated B. to have been updated C. to update D. to have updated （ 2022 北京卷

39、） 33. Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, on your feet.A. to keep B. keeping C. having kept D. to have kept 2022 上海卷 27. It s nousew_ithouttaking action. A. complain B. complaining C. being complained D. to be complained 2022 上海卷 32. The rare fish, from the cooking pot, has been

40、returned to the sea. A. saved B. saving C. to be saved D. having saved 2022 上海卷 33. At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam. Then I changed my mind, that he could do nothing to help. C. realizing D. being realized A. to realize B. realized 9第 9 页,共 18 页2022 上海卷 40. Today we have chat roo

41、ms, text messaging, emailing but we seem the art of communicating face-to-face. A. losing B. to be losing C. to be lost D. having lost （ 2022 山东卷） 27. Lookovertherethereas very long,windingpathup to the house. A. leading B. leads C. led D. to lead （ 2022 江西卷）32. On receiving a phone call from his wi

42、fe she had a fall, Mr Gordon immediately rushed home from office.A. says B. said C. saying D. to say （ 2022 江苏卷） 31. Recently a survey prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. A. compared B. comparing C. compares D. being compared （ 2022 安徽卷） 30

43、. Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier into small pieces.A. break B. breaking C. broken D. to break （ 2022 浙江14. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves for words. 卷） A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost （ 2022 浙江19. If they win the final tonight, the team

44、are going to tour around the city 卷） by their enthusiastic supporters. A. being cheered B. be cheered C. to be cheered D. were cheered （ 2022 福建卷） 23. Tsinghua University, in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded （ 2022 福建卷） difference

45、 in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable . B. holding held hold （ 2022 四川2. Lydia doesn t feel like abroad.Her parents are old. 卷） A. study B. studying C. studied D. to study （ 2022 四川11. Simon made a big bamboo box the little sick bird till it could 卷） fly

46、. A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep （ 2022 四川16. an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to 卷） become famous. （ 2022 辽宁 卷） A. Offer B. Offering C. Offered D. To offer 30. around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people. B. To gather C. Gathering D. To be gathering A. Gathe

47、r 7.Passengers are permitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the （ 2022 天津 A.to carry B. carrying C. to be carried D. being carried 卷） （ 2022 天津卷） 12. into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated （

48、 2022 陕西卷） 14.Claire had luggage an hour before her plane left. B. checking C. to check D. checked （ 2022 陕西卷） highways have been built in China, it much easier for people to travel form one place to another. 10 第 10 页,共 18 页A. making B. made C. to make D. having made be （ 2022 重庆卷） 29.More TV progr

49、ams, according to government to officials, will produced people s concern over food safety. raise C.to have raised D. having raised （ 2022 重庆卷） 33. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself of his own dreams.A. reminding B. to remind C. reminded D. renmind 2022 湖南卷 21 . The

50、 ability an idea is as important as the idea itself. A. expressing B. expressed C. to express D. to be expressed 2022 湖南卷 players from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game .A. selecting B. to select C. selected D. having selected 2022 湖南卷 29 .Do you wake up every morn

51、ing energetic and ready to start a new day. A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt 25. （ 10 福建） Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake. A. sending B. to send C. having sent D. to have sent25. 34. In April, thousands of holidaymak

52、ers remained abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. A. sticking B. stuck C. to be stuck D. to have stuck 33.（ 10 上海）Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues with her stories. A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused 35. the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10

53、 meters in height. A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached 40. Thai is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in students bathrooms. A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce 30. （ 10 安徽） He had a wonderful childhood, with his mother to all corners of the world

54、A. travel B. to travel C. traveled D. traveling 21. （ 10 湖南） Listen. Do you hear someone for help. A. calling B. call C. to call D. called 26. Dina, for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to stru

55、ggle 11 第 11 页,共 18 页30. So far nobody has claimed the money in the library. A. discovered B. to be discovered C. discovering D. having discovered 24 （10 江西） The lady walked around the shops, an eye out for bargains. A keep B kept C keeping D to keep 32 There were many talented actors out there just

56、 waiting . A to discover B to be discovered C discovered D being discovered 23. （ 10 山东） I have a lot of readings before the end of this term. A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed 12. （ 10 天津） It rained heavily in the south , serious flooding in several provinces. A. caused B

57、. having caused C. causing D. to cause 4. （ 10 四川） A great number of students said they were forced to practise the piano. A. to question B. to be questioned C. questioned D. questioning 17 The lawyer listened with full attention , to miss any point A not trying B trying not Cto try not D not to try

58、 27. （ 10 全国） showed her students some old maps from the library. A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing 34. With Father s Dayaround the corner ,I havetakensomemoney out of the bankpresents for my dad. A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought 28. （ 10 江苏） The retired man donated

59、 most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu , the students to return to their classrooms. A. enabling B. having enabled C. to enable D. to have enabled 16. （10 陕西）from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees . A. Seen B. Seeing C. Having seen

60、D. To see 19. His first book next month is based on a true story. A. published B. to be published C. to publish D. being published 12 第 12 页,共 18 页11. （10 全国） Though to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. A. urprising B. as surprised C. urprised D being surprised 72. （ 10 湖北） （油漆成） red, th