高考艺体生文化课百日冲刺英语：专题11特殊句式

1、专题十一 特殊句式【命题趋势探秘】命题考查内倒装强调主谓一样省略句、反意疑问句、祈使容句考查热度规律考查题单项填空,短语法填空,单项语法填空,单项语法填空,单项填空,短文文改错,书面填空,短文改填空,短文改型改错,书面表表达错,书面表达错,书面表达达所占分值13 分13 分12 分12 分本专题包括倒装、强调句型、主谓一样、省略与替代、反意疑问句、命题 趋势祈使句等；单就某一个学问点在高考英语试题中显现的频率很低,但是 把这些语法内容加起来就占有肯定比例,因此我们应当在大脑中构筑一 个清楚而全面的学问网络图,我们只有系统地把握这些学问才能在考场立于不败之地；【高频考点聚焦】通过本章的学习,我们

2、要全面把握以下内容：1.倒装句的主要考查内容：so, neither, nor, hardly, scarcely, no sooner等副词放在句首时而形成的倒装 ; so+形容词 /副词或 such that . 形成的部分倒装;only 放在句首且修饰状语而形成的部分倒装;虚拟语气中省略 if 引起的倒装 ;as, however, though 引导的让步状语从句形式的倒装句；2.强调句的主要考查内容：强调句中的it 和 that,强调句型的疑问句、否定句,特殊是特殊疑问句式,强调句与It is . before / since /when 等区分问题；not until 结构的强调句

3、；强调词 it 与先行词 it 的区分,强调句与状语从句的辨析；3.主谓一样的考查重点有A+as well as、together with 、along with+B 作主语、not onlybut also、neither nor、eitheror 连接并列主语、 the rest 等词表指代 时的主谓一样等；4. 省略与替代的考查内容： 时间状语从句和条件状语从句中用“连词+分词结 构”的省略；名词性替代（ one/ones, the one/ones, that, it ）、动词性替代（用 do作为替代性动词）,用so、not 形式的替代性句子,不定式to 代替动词及其附属成分,以及不

4、定式符号 to 的省略；对祈使句的考查主要显现在 “ 祈使句 +and/or+ 陈述句” 句式中,解题时留意防止非谓语动词成为答题的干扰；附加疑问句注 意含有宾语从句的反意疑问句； 考点 1 倒装【基础学问梳理】完全倒装 谓语动词完全搬到主语之前的句子,便是完全倒装句；这类句型的特点主语比 较长,谓语部分只有一个动词,此时为保持句子结构的平稳而使用完全倒装结 构；主要有两种形式：1.表示方位的副词或介词短语,如 room,on the wall 等,置于句首；here,there,up,down,in,away,off,out,in the In a lecture hall of a uni

5、versity in England sits a professor.在英格兰一所高校的讲堂 里坐着一位教授；2.“ 表语 现在分词、过去分词和形容词+be 动词+主语” 的结构中；这一结构是当谓语部分显现了 2 个动词时,就把进行时 be+现在分词 和被动语态 be+过去分词 中的实义动词拿到句首,保留be 动词构成完全倒装；Gone are the days when we had to do lots of homework.我们要做很多家庭作业的 日子一去不复返了；Growing on the hillsides are wild flowers of all colors山坡上长满

6、了各种颜色的野 花；【核心考点讲练】部分倒装部分倒装句把谓语的一部分多为助动词或情态动词 置于主语之前；假如谓语部分无助动词,就须加个助动词来构成倒装句；1.only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句,且放在句首时,主句或句子的主语和 谓语用部分倒装结构；Only in this way can we learn English well.只有以这种方法,我们才能学好英语；2.否定副词 never,nor,hardly,little,seldom,scarcely, rarely及含有否定词如no 并表示否定含义的介词短语at no time, under/ in no circumstances

7、, in no case, by no means, on no condition等置于句首时,要使用部分倒装结构；Not a single mistake did he make.他一个错误也没犯；留意：否定副词 not 不行单独被提到句首, 要将 not 与句中的状语或宾语一起放 在句首,此时要用部分倒装；Not once did he tell us where he was from.他从来没告知我们他是哪里人；Not a word did he speak at the meting.在会上他一句话也没说；3.在表示前面提到的情形适用于另外一个人或事时,确定句用 so+be/hav

8、e/助动词/ 情态动词 +主语,否定句用 示“ , 也 不这样” ；neither/nor+be/have/ 助动词 / 情态动词 +主语,表They love having lots of friends; so do those with disabilities他们喜爱交很多伴侣,那些有残疾的人也是如此；使用特点：1此句型也可写成 it is the same with,so it is with.,the same goes for, the same applies for；如：They love having lots of friends; it is the same with

9、 those with disabilities/so it is with those with disabilities. 他们喜爱广交伴侣,那些残疾人也是如此；2假如句意不是“, 也是如此” ,而仅是对前面内容的确定或附和,那么就用 sb do so；so sb do；表示“ 某人按要求这样做了” 用Did Henry ask you to He asked me to sit down, and I did so.他要我坐下,我就坐下了；3neither/nor 构成的这个句型可以是不同的主语相同的谓语,或同一主语不同的 谓语；如：I dont like pop music, neit

10、her does my brother.我不喜爱流行音乐,我哥哥也不喜 欢；I dont like pop music, nor do I like jazz.我不喜爱流行音乐,也不喜爱爵士乐；4.sothat 句型表示“ .如此 ,以至于 , ” ,当 so+adj./adv放在句首时,主句即so 引导的句子 要倒装,而 that 引导的句子不倒装；So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood. 他的英语讲得很清楚,总是能让别人听得懂；这个句型假如使用的是“ 形容词 + 复数名词 / 不

11、行数名词” ,就用 such 而不是 so,此时假如将“such+形容词 +复数名词 /不行数名词” 或者“such a+形容词+单数名词” 放在句首,也应当用倒装句结构；Such fine weather is it that we decide to go camping.这么好的天气,我们打算去野营；也可将 so+adj./adv、such+ adj.+复数名词 /不行数名词等结构用代词 such替代,此时用 such+be+主语 +that 从句；Such is the case that we have to give up the plan.鉴于这样的情形,我们只好放弃这个方案；5

12、. neither.,nor.表示“, 不, , 也不 , ” ,由于neither 和 nor 都是否定词,所以其前后句均需倒装；Neither do I know it, nor do I care about it.我不知道,也不关怀；6.not only.,but also.表示“ 不仅 , 而且 , ”,not only 放在句首时, not only所在的句子用部分倒装,but also引导的句子必需用正常语序；Not only will help be given to people to find jobs,but also medical treatment will be

13、provided for people who need it. 不仅要给那些找工作的人供应帮忙,而且也要给那些需要帮忙的人供应医疗保健服务；此句型也可用 not only.but. 或 not only.but.as well；7.not until. 表示“ 直到 , 才, ” ,该结构通常放在句首,主句要用部分倒 装；Not until he returned did we have supper. 直到他回来我们才吃饭；使用特点：这句话可以改写成： We didnt have supper until he returned. 假如 not until 引导的是句子,until 从句的

14、主谓不行倒装, 只是主句需要倒装；8.as, though 引导让步状语从句采纳倒装形式的情形 1表语提前 Tired as/though he was,he still went on with his work. 尽管他很累,仍是连续工作；2谓语动词提前 Try as he might, he didnt pass the exam.尽管他很用功,但考试不及格；3状语倒装 Much as he likes the bike, he doesnt want to buy it. 他虽然很喜爱那辆自行车,但 不想买它；留意：假如是单数名词、形容词的最高级或形容词作表语,将这些表语提前时将冠词、

15、形容词修饰语省略；Child as he is, he knows a lot.尽管他是个孩子,但懂得不少事情；【典例 1】（2022 全国大纲卷）_ the nurses want a pay increase, but they want reduced hours as well. A. Not do only B. Do not only C. Only not do D. Not only do 解析：句意：这些护士不仅要求涨工资,她们仍要求削减工作时长；从句意和句子结构看,这里用 not only 放在句首与后面的as well呼应,表示“ 不仅 ,而且” ,此时 not only

16、 放在句首时要用部分倒装,因此选 D；答案： D 【典例 2】（2022 湖南） Only when you can find peace in your heart _good relationships with others. A. will you keep B. you will keep C. you kept D. did you keep 解析：句意：只有当你保持了自己内心平和的时候,你才能让你自己和他人 处理好关系；当 only+状语放在句首时,主句要用部分倒装；依据从句态判定这 里用一般将来时而不是一般过去时表示将来的动作,因此选 A；答案： A 【技巧点拨】使用 only

17、+状语放在句首的倒装句结构时要留意：1.only 修饰状语 从句、宾语时,从句必需倒装；Only after the war did he learn the sad news.战争终止之后他才得知这个噩耗；2.only 修饰主语时,句子不行倒装；Only he can answer the question.只有他能回答这个问题； 考点 2 强调【基础学问梳理】【核心考点讲练】强调句型的基本结构是：It is/was+被强调部分 +that/who+ 其他成分 1.强调句的时态与连词变化：强调句式 it bethat中,强调人时可用who/that 作连接,强调其他部分常用 that；原句使

18、用的是现在时及将来时,用 it isthat/who ；原句使用了过去时,就用 it wasthat/who ；所强调的可以是单词、短语,也可以是从句,但结构必需完整；被强调的成 分可以是主语、宾语和状语,但不能是定语或谓语；It was him that/who we met at the school gate. 我们在大门口见到的就是他；2.强调句的疑问句：一般疑问句是将 is/was 提前,用 was/is itthat/who ；强调句的特殊疑问句就是将被强调部分替换为疑问词what、who、where、when、how,用what/who/where/how/when is/was

19、 it that；强调句的特殊疑问句可对被强调的主语、宾语、表语、状语进行提问；用who 构成强调句的疑问句时,为防止重复,强调句中用 that 而不用 who；如：Is it Professor Wang who teaches you English.教你们英语的是王教授吗？Who was it that broke the window. 打破窗户的是谁？3.强调句通常是把被强调的部分放在it be 和 that 之间,有时候,强调句要强调的是并列结构,比如 not onlybut also、not but、A, not B 等；此时,为了保持句子结构的平稳,可以将这个结构的一部分放在

20、部分放在整个句子后面；如：it be 和 that 之间,而把另外一It is not only you who are interested in the lecture, but the majority of us. 对这个讲 座感爱好的不仅是你,仍有我们大多数人；When you look for a job, its not your book knowledge but your experience that matters more.你在找工作的时候,重要的不是你的书本学问而是你的体会；4.强调句的语气变化：依据语气的需要可用 been.that. 句型表示强调；如 : It

21、might be.that., It must have It must have been his brother that you saw.你看到的想必是他的兄弟；5.not.until. 句型的强调句为： it is/was not until+ 被强调部分 +that+其他成分 .如：It was not until ten o clock that he went to bed.直到 10 点他才上床休息；6.要判定一个句子是不是强调句,一个简洁的方法就是将it be 和 that 去掉,如果剩下的成分仍旧能构成一个完整的句子,这就是强调句型,否就就不是；如：It was at tw

22、o oclock that he arrived.他是在两点钟的时候来的；强调句 It was two oclock when he arrived.他来的时候已经到两点钟了；when 引导时间状语从句 【典例 1】（2022 福建）It was the culture, rather than the language, _made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad A. where B. why C. that D. what 解析：句意：正是文化而不是语言使他很难适应国外的新环境；将题干的 it was和选项去掉

23、之后, 题干就变成了 The culture rather than the language made it hard for him to adopt to the new environment abroad. 这是个完整的句子,不缺少任何成分,因此这是个强调句,空格处应用 that；答案： C 【典例 2】（2022 湖南）Its not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do_makes life happy. A. that B. which C. what D. who 解析：句意：不是做我们喜爱

24、的事让我们感到兴奋,真正让我们感到兴奋的是喜爱上我们不得不做的事情； 依据句中的 It 可以先想到强调结构, 再依据本空在句中不作任何成分, 且 It is that 去掉之后句意仍旧完整可知, 本句的确是一个强调结构,且强调的是“事情”,因此选 A；答案： A 【技巧点拨】高考英语考查强调句的常见考点一、考查强调结构的基本形式即考查 it was that that 这一强调句式的用法,其考点主要涉及句首 it 的正确使用（通常用 this, that, he, she等进行干扰）,句中that 的正确使用（通常用what, which, how, when, since, before,

25、after, as等进行干扰）等；It was with the help of the local guide that the mountain climber was rescued.正是 在当地向导的帮忙下登山者才得以获救；高考例句 二、考查强调结构特殊疑问句形式强调结构 it is was that 的特殊疑问句形式为“ 疑问词+is was it that” ；遇到这类题时,关键是要能够识别它是强调结构,同时依据句意或句子成分确定相应疑问词的挑选；I just wonder what it is that makes him so excited. 我只是想知道究竟是什么事情 使他

26、那么兴奋； 高考例句 三、综合考查强调结构和not until句式it was not until that 格式,命题not until句式用于强调结构时,其基本结构为切入点主要有三个方面：一是考查it was not until 的正确形式（通常用其确定式进行干扰）,二是考查其中的that 的正确用法（通常用when 等干扰）,三是考查 not until 后的语序（应用正常语序,但可能用倒装语序来干扰）；It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan. 直到书信的结尾她才谈到她自己的方

27、案；高考例句 四、综合考查强调结构和 not but 句式综合考查强调结构与 not but 句式所采纳的命题形式通常为 it is was not but that 形式；It is not who is right but what is right that is of importance. 重要的不是谁是正确的,而是什么是正确的； 高考例句 考点 3 主谓一样【基础学问梳理】1.某些单个名词作主语时的主谓一样 1集合名词作主语的主谓一样问题 1police警察,people人,cattle牛,牲口 等集合名词,总是表示复数意义,用作主语时,其谓语要用复数,表示复数意义；goods货物

28、, clothes衣服只有复数形式,且只2clothing衣服,poetry诗歌,baggage / luggage行李, furniture 家具 ,machinery机械,scenery景色,jewellery珠宝,equipment设备 等集合名词 通常只用作不行数名词,表示单数意义,用作主语时,其后谓语动词用单数形式；3family,class,crew,team,group,public,audience,crowd,government,committee 等作主语时, 动词的单复数要依据主语所指的意义而定；当集体名词 作为一个整体看待时,谓语动词常用单数；假如指其中各个成员时,谓

29、语动词常用复数；The class consists of twenty-five boys and twenty girls这个班由 25 个男生和 20 个女生组成；The class are in the lab doing experiments. 全班同学正在试验室做试验；特殊提示：population 表示抽象意义时, 表单数意义； 表示某地区的全体居民时,为集合名词,既可表示单数意义视为整体 也可表示复数意义 考虑其个体 ；如其后跟的是系表结构,且表语为复数,谓语动词要用复数；如：China s population is by far the largest of any co

30、untry. 中国是全世界人口最多的国 家；Half the worlds population doesnt get enough to eat. 世界有一半人口没有足够的食物吃；2由两部分构成表示物体的名词,如 trousers,pants,jeans,compasses,glasses,shorts 等作主语时,谓语动词常用复数； 但假如这类名词前用了 a pair of 来修饰,谓语动词的单复数往往取决于pair 的单复数形式；These trousers dont fit me well. 这条裤子我穿着不太合身；This pair of trousers is mine.这条裤子是

31、我的；3有的名词单数与复形同形,如means方法, sheep绵羊, fish鱼, series系列, works工厂等,当它们用作主语时,其谓语的数需依据这些名词的实际意义来 确定 究竟表示单数仍是复数 ,此时要特殊留意其修饰语和上下文语境；如没有 特定的修饰语或语境,就用单数或复数谓语均可；Every possible means has been tried. 每种可能的方法都试过了；【核心考点讲练】1.并列主语的主谓一样 1两个单数名词用 and 连接,表示两个不同的概念时,谓语动词常用复数；Steam and ice are different forms of water蒸汽和冰是

32、水的不同形式；2两个单数名词用 and 连接,表示同一人、 同一物或同一个概念, 或表示不行分 的整体时,谓语动词仍用单数；The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party那位歌舞演员将参与我们的 晚会；3被 every,each,many a,no 等限定的单个主语由 单数；其中,后一个限定词可省略；and 连接时,谓语动词仍用Each boy andeachgirl has got a gift.每个男孩和每个女孩都得到了礼物；Many a teacher andmany astudent has seen the film很多老师和

33、同学看过这部 电影；4一个单数名词被几个用 and 连接的并列形容词所修饰时, 可以指一件事或几件 事,这种名词作主语,要依据意义一样的原就打算谓语动词的数；如：English and American literature are appealing to her.英国文学和美国文学都对 她有吸引力；5由 and 连接的两个 what 从句作主语时,要依据意义一样的原就打算谓语动词 的数；What he says and does do not agree. 他言行不一样；What he says and does does not concern me. 他的言行与我无关；6由 or,no

34、r,either or,neither nor,not only butalso 连接的并列主语,通常依据就近原就,谓语动词的单、复数要和与它邻近的主语的数保持一样；One or two friends are coming this evening今日晚上有一、两个伴侣要来；Neither I nor he is in favour of her marriage我和他都不赞成她的婚姻；7单数名词 +with,along with,together with ,as well as,rather than,as much as,but,except 等所跟的名词作主语时,谓语仍用单数形式；N

35、obody but one teacher and three students was in the laboratory.只有一个老师和 三个同学在试验室里；2.数词与量词作主语时的主谓一样 1表示时间、 重量、距离、价格、体积等名词的复数作主语时, 通常作整体看待,后接单数动词；Twenty years is a long time in ones life. 20 年在人的一生中是很长的一段时 间；2分数和百分数修饰可数或不行数名词作主语时,于它们表示的意义；试比较：谓语形式用单数仍是复数取决About one third of the books are worth reading.

36、 这些书中大约有 13 值得一 读；A large percentage of the wheat crop was ruined by the flood. 大部分的麦类 作物遭到洪水的毁坏；3.a quantity of 后既可接复数名词, 亦可接不行数名词； 假如 a quantity of 接不行数名词,就谓语用单数形式；假如a quantity of 接复数名词,就谓语通常要采纳复数形式（ 有时接单数式谓语,属非规范用法,宜慎用；）quantities of 后接 复数名词,不行数名词,后面的谓语都用复数形式；如：With more forests being destroyed,

37、a large quantity of good earth is being washed away each year.随着越来越多的森林被砍伐,每年有大量的泥土被冲刷走了；【典例 1】（2022 湖南）All we need a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year. A. are B. was C. is D. were 解析：句意：我们所需要的一切就是一小块地,在那里我们可以一年四季 都种上各种各样的果

38、树； 依据本空后的 a small piece of land可知,本句主语代词 all 表示不行数含义,谓语用单数,表达现在的事实,用一般现在时,因此选 C；答案： C 【典例 2】（2022 江苏 Generally, students inner motivation with high expectations from others_ essential to their development. A. is B. are C. was D. were 【解析】句意：一般说来,自己有内在的动力,以及外人对其很高的期望值,这些对同学的进展是至关重要的； 本句主语是 inner moti

39、vation ,后面的 together with 部分不是句子主语,因此谓语用单数；再依据 常情形,用一般现在时；答案： A 【技巧点拨】从句中的主谓一样generally 可知这里说的是通1在用作形式主语作 it 的句子中或在用 it 作主语的强调句型中,谓语动词常用 单数；It was a great relief that everyone got back safely.大家安全返回是很大的安 慰；2由 what 引导的从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数；另外,用其他名词性从 句或非谓语动词短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数；What he has said leaves much fo

40、r us to think about.他说的话发人深省； 考点 4 省略、反意疑问句、祈使句【基础学问梳理】省略是为了防止重复旧信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种修饰手段,被省略的 可以是一个或几个句子成分；1.介词和连词的省略 1省略介词；I had great difficulty in reaching you.我费了好大的力才打通你的电话；2省略连词：定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that, which, whom 常可以省略； 当先行词是 time, reason, place时,作状语的关系副词 when, why, where 也可以省去；that 引导宾语从句时连词可被省略假如是 2

41、个 that 从句,就其次个需保留 ；This is the first time that Ive acted on the stage.登台演戏我仍是第一次；3省略定语或状语；He spent part of the money, and kept the restof the money to himself.他花了一部 分钱,剩下的就装进了自己的腰包；2.状语从句的省略当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一样时 词 be, 这时从句中可显现如下结构：1连词 as, as if, once+名词, 可以省略状语从句中的主语和系动Oncehe wasa teacher, he now works

42、in a government office.他原先是老师 , 现在 在政府办公室工作；2连词 though, whether, when+形容词 Work hard whenyou areyoung, or youll regret.少壮不努力 , 老大徒伤悲；3连词 whether, as if, while+介词短语 He looked everywhere as ifhe wasin search of something.他处处端详似乎在查找 什么东西；4连词 when, while, though+现在分词 He stood there while admiring the pic

43、ture on the wall.他站在那里观赏墙上的那幅 画；5连词 when, if, even if, unless, once, until, than, as+过去分词 He looked everywhere once frightened by something.他一受到惊吓就处处看；6连词 as if, as though+不定式 He opened his lips as ifhe wereto speak.他张了张嘴似乎要说话；7 当状语从句部分是 it is/was 时, 可以把 it 和系动词 be 一起省略；此时构成连 词if, unless, when, when

44、ever+形容词；Unlessit isnecessary, youd better not refer to the dictionary. 除非有必要,否就不 要查字典；8我们仍可以用 so 或 not 代替上文内容,此时可有if +sonot 省略句式；Do come here on time tomorrow. If not, the boss will be angry.明天务必按时上班,否就老板会愤怒的；【核心考点讲练】1.反意疑问句的复习要点1祈使句如何变反意疑问句如陈述部分为祈使句,就其反意疑问句通常用will you, wont you, would you 等；Open t

45、he door, will you. 你给我把门打开 . 要留意以下几点：1如陈述部分为否定式,就反意疑问句部分只用确定式 will you；Dont tell anyone, will you. 你可不要告知任何人哟；2 当祈使句为 Let , 时,反意疑问句要用 shall we；但是当祈使句为 Let us,时,就要分两种情形,即表示恳求时,反意疑问句用意疑问句用 shall we；Let s take a taxi, shall we . 我们坐出租车好吗 . will you,表示建议时,反Let us know your address, will you. 请把你的地址告知我们,

46、好吗 . Let us go swimming together, shall we. 我们一起去游泳好吗 . 2反意疑问句的确定与否定用法构成反意疑问句的一般规章：当陈述部分为确定式时,反意疑问句要用否定式 ; 陈述部分为否定式时,反意疑问句要用确定式；He gets up at six in the morning,doesn t he. 他早上 6 点起床,是吗 . He doesn t ge t up at six in the morning,does he.他早上不是在 6 点起床,是吗 . 另外,如陈述部分含有 seldom,hardly,never,rarely,few,not

47、hing,nowhere等否定词或半否定词,就其反意疑问句部分要用确定式；Dick rarely got drunk, did he. 迪克很少喝醉,是吗 . 但是,如陈述部分有否定前缀,反意疑问句仍用否定式；It is unfair, isn t it. 这不公正,不是吗 . 3陈述部分为 I think that.如何构成反意疑问句当陈述部分为主从复合句时,其反意疑问句要留意以下情形；1对于一般的主从复合句,其反意疑问句通常与主句保持一样；She says that I did it, doesn 她说那是我干的,是吗 . 2当陈述部分的主句为 I think, I suppose, I

48、believe等结构时,反意疑问句通常与从句保持一样 留意否定的转移 ；I don t think he likes it, does he. 我认为他不喜爱它,是吗 他喜爱吗 . 4there be 的反意疑问句用 be 和 there 构成；There was a great tower here years ago, wasn t there.这里以前有一座塔,是吧？2.祈使句的常考点1祈使句的否定式和强调式 Dont be so sure.别那么有把握； 否定式 Do come on time this evening. 今晚务必准时到； 强调式 2带主语的祈使句1为了加强语气或特殊指

49、明向谁提出命令或要求时,时加呼语；如：需加主语 you, 有时仍可同That lady with a baby in your hand, please come here.抱着婴儿的那位女士,请到 这边来；2命令嘱咐几个人分头做几件事情时,祈使句需带主语“you” ,仍可同时带呼 语；如：You girls clean the desks; you boys, sweep the floor.你们女生,擦桌子；你们男生,打扫地板；3在表达“ 不兴奋,厌烦” 等心情时,可带主语“You mind your own business. 你少管闲事 . you” ；如：4祈使句的主语除了用 you

50、 外,仍可用 everybody,everyone,somebody,someone 等,它们的位置可以放在句末；如：Be quiet, everyone.大家静下来 . 3祈使句 +and+陈述句 = if, , +主句；祈使句 +or+陈述句 = if,not, , +主句如：Work hard and you will succeed. =If you work hard, you will succeed. 努力学 习,你就会胜利；Hurry up or we will be late.=If you dont hurry up, we will be late.快点儿,否就 我们就迟

51、到了；One more minute and I will finish it.=If you give me one more minute, I will finish it.再待一分钟我就完成了；【典例 1】（2022 重庆） - I spent two weeks in London last summer. - Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, _ you. A. mustnt B. havent C. didnt D. hadnt 解析： A 句意： 我去年暑假在伦敦待了两个星期；那你在伦

52、敦期间肯定参观了大英博物馆, 是吗？陈述句部分的谓语动词假如是 must have done,陈述句部分有 last summer 和 during your stay 这一过去时的时间状语, 此时去掉 must之后,主句应当用一般过去时,因此用didnt来构成反意疑问句；答案： C you【典例 2】（2022 湖南 _what you re doing today important, because re trading a day of your life for it A. Make B. To make C. Making D. Made 解析：句意：让你今日所做的一切都非同平常,

53、由于你在用生命中的每一天换取完成的一切；依据本句的 you are trading 可知,说话的对象是 you,这里用祈使句表示劝说；所以挑选 A 项；答案： A 【技巧点拨】陈述部分含有 must 的反意疑问句1.当 must 作“ 必需” 讲时,其反意疑问部分用neednt；当含有 mustnt不答应、禁止）时,其反意疑问部分用 must/may；如：You must go now,neednt you.你现在必需走,是吗？2.当 must/maymight 表示估计, 即 must 作“ 肯定,准是” 讲,may/might 作“ 可能” 讲时,反意疑问部分的动词形式应当将 如：must

54、/may/might 省略再进行判定；You must/maymightbe hungry now, arent you.你肯定 可能饿了,是吗？You must have heard about it, havent you.你肯定听说过这事了,是吗？You must have watched that football match last night, didn t you. 你昨晚肯定看足 球赛了,是吗？专题热点集训 11 特殊句式（45 分钟）I. 单项填空 1. （2022 湖南） It was when we were returning home _ I realized wh

55、at a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble. A. which B. that C. where D. how 2.（2022 四川） Was it because Jack came late for school _ Mr. Smith got angry. A. why B. who C. where D. that 3.（2022 福建） English is The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely,_, reaching 30oC i

56、n summer. A. if not B. if ever C. if any D. if so 4. （2022 陕西）No sooner _ stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. A. had Mo Yan B. Mo Yan had C. has Mo Yan D. Mo Yan has 5.（2022 北京）_ carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab. A. Observe B. To obs

57、erve C. Observed D. Observing 6.（2022 福建 Not until he went through real hardship _ the love we have for our families is important. A. had he realized B. did he realize C. he realized D. he had realized 7.（2022 江西） Only when he apologizes for his rudeness _ to him again. A. I will speak B. will I spe

58、ak C. do I speak D. I speak 8.（2022 课标全国卷 It was only after he had read the papers_Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete. A. when B. that C. which D. what 9.（2022 福建The famous musician, as well as his students, _ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2022 Tai

59、pei Flower Expo. A. were invited B. was invited C. have been invited D. has been invited 10.（2022 上海 Among the crises that face humans _ the lack of natural resources. A. is B. are C. is there D. are there II. 完形填空（2022 陕西）阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A, B, C 和 D）中,选出可以填入空白处的正确选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑；Dad had a green

60、 comb. He bought it when he married Mum. Every night,he would hand me his _11_ and say,“ Good girl,help Daddy clean it,OK？”I was _12_ to do it. At age five,this dull task brought me such _13_. I would excitedly turn the tap _14_ and brush the comb carefully. Satisfied that Id done a good job,I would