1999年翻译真题精解版

1、 3/31999年翻译真题精解版 1999年翻译真题精解版 71While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.结构分析：本句while引导的是个让步状语从句，翻译成“虽然，尽管”，状语从句里用了asas(与一样)这

2、个词组，主句的主语是most practice，谓语是动词短语conform to(符合)，宾语是代词one，指代前面的名词definition，that引导的是个定语从句，修饰前面的one。定语从句里用了动词短语seeas(把看作是)，因此后面的attempt应该是个名词，后面又接了两个不定式做其后置定语。核心词汇：While(虽然，尽管；当时候；而)；asas(与一样)；conform to(服从，遵守)；modern practice(现代实践)；seeas(把看作是)；recreate(再现，重现)参考译文：几乎每个历史学家对历史都有自己的界定，但现代历史学家的实践最趋向于认同这样一个

3、定义，即把历史学看作是试图对过去重大事件的重现和解释。测试点：while让步状语从句；one指代关系；定语从句；动词短语72Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.结构分析：本句主语是Interest in historical methods，谓语是has

4、 arisen，后面接了两个并列的介词through和from，考虑到并列结构词义对等，所以这两个介词的翻译可以考虑翻译成一个意思。第一个介词through后面是个很长的名词短语，核心名词是challenge，其后又接了几个介词分别做后置定语，to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline，第二个介词from后面也接了一个名词短语internal quarrels among historians themselves.核心词汇：Interest in historical methods 对历史方法的关注(兴趣) ；arise

5、n 来自于，产生于；challenge质疑，挑战；validity 真实性，正确性；as an intellectual discipline作为一门知识学问(一个知识学科) ；internal quarrels 内部意见不统一，内部分歧。参考译文1：人们对历史研究方法产生兴趣，这与其说是因为外界对历史作为一门知识学科的有效性提出了挑战，还不与说历史学家内部发生了争吵。参考译文2：人们之所以对历史研究的方法产生兴趣，主要是因为史学界内部意见不一，其次是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问。测试点：介词并列结构；名词的后置定语73During this transfer, traditional hi

6、storical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.结构分析：本句主干结构是 个被动语态的简单句：methods were augmented by 。最前面的介词短语during this transfer是个独立成份，介词by后面的宾语是additional methodologies，其后又接了一个过去分词做后置定语，介词短语in the historical study修饰前面

7、的名词new forms of evidence。 核心词汇：transfer 转变；augmented 充实，补充；additional methodologies 新方法； designed to用来；interpret 阐释，解释，说明；the new forms of evidence 新的证据形式，根据上下文意思引申为在历史学研究中的新史料；in the historical study 在历史研究中。参考译文：在这种转变中，那些在历史研究中用来解释新史料的新方法充实了传统的历史研究方法。测试点：被动翻译成主动；名词后接过去分词做后置定语74There is no agreement

8、 whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.结构分析：本句可以拆分为三段：There is no agreement / whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general / or to

9、the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. 由此看出该句的主干结构是存在句There is no agreement，因为主语部分太长，整个结构应该采用顺序倒译方法。whether methodology refers to .or to .是主语agreement的同位语。在这个同位语里用了两个并列动词谓语refers to和or (refers) to，宾语是the concepts，其后面的形容词短语peculiar to historical work in gen

10、eral是它的定语；第二个宾语是the research techniques，其后面的形容词短语appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry也是作它的定语。核心词汇：agreement 统一的意见，一致看法；whether.refers to. or to. 是指还是指；the concepts/peculiar to/historical work/in general (按后置定语的顺序倒译)一般的历史研究中的特有概念；the research techniques 研究手段；appropriate to 适用于，合适

11、于；the various branches 各个领域；historical inquiry 历史探究参考译文：方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体领域所使用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。测试点：主语从句；动词并列结构和词组省略；名词后接形容词做后置定语75It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equ

12、ate their activity with specific techniques.结构分析：本句结构拆分为三段：It applies equally to traditional historians / who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, / and to social science historians who equate their activity with specif ic techniques. 由此可以看出其主干结构是：It applies equally t

13、o., and to .直译为：这既适应于又适应于，引申为这既存在于又存在于。第一个介词to的宾语是traditional historians，其后又接了一个定语从句who view history as.，第二个并列介词to之前省略了与之相同的动词短语的applies equally，其后的宾语是social science historians，后面又接了定语从句who equate their activity with specific techniques。在两个并列的定语从句里的动词短语viewas和equatewith应该依据平行结构有时词义相等的方法，而把这两个动词翻译成相同的意思。 核心词汇：It是个人称代词，指代前面提到的这种谬论；traditional historians 传统历史学家，历史传统派；view history as 把历史看作是；sources 源泉，引申为史料来源；social science histo