高考英语高三语法专题复习之时间状语从句、地点状语从句

1、 学员编号：年级：高三课时数：学员姓名：辅导科目：英语学科教师：授课类型TC语法专题之状语从句（一）T教学目标1、熟悉引导状语从句的从属连词的用法与区别。2、在写作中会正确使用状语从句。星级 授课日期及时段教学内容一第麻开门1；一第麻开门1；（建议5分钟）When an opportunity is neglected, it never comes back to you.While there is life here is hope.1!Where there is great love, there arealways miracles.s a will, there批注：通过上面的励

2、志语句，引入今天的课题内容：时间状语从句和地点状语从句；先让学员翻译看看是 什么意思？再让学员划分出主句和从句。Where there is love, there are always wishes. _ s a way.大标题：微软雅黑小三字体高中时间、地点、让步状语从句用法详解目的状语 从句、时间状语从句时间状语 从句让步状语 从句地点状语从句原因状语 从句目的状语 从句、时间状语从句时间状语 从句让步状语 从句地点状语从句原因状语 从句也1、引导词（从属连词）分类:常见引导词特殊引导词?when, as, while, before, after, till/until, since,

3、 as soon as?the minute, the moment, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, no soonerthan hardlywhen, scarcelywher#2、引导词用法:短暂性动词；表示段时间时，用 持续性动词。短暂性动词；表示段时间时，用 持续性动词。【例句】When I got home, my family were already having dinner. （when 在此表示点时间）When they were still talking and laughing,

4、the teacher came in. （when 在此表示段时间）0 当when意思是“正当时候，这时或那时，when只能跟在前一分句之后。并且常用于下面句型 如: was/were doing when - （E在做 突然）was/were about to do -when（ffllc 突然）r was/were on the point of doing whe刚要做 突然） had just done when （刚一 就） Hardly/Scarcely had donewhen （刚一就）例句 They were watching the World Cup when sudd

5、enly the lights went out.零2) while: “在期间”，通常表示一段时间，从句中宜用 持续性动词。如:She fell asleep while she was reading the newspaper.He visited a lot of places while he was traveling.while 有时可以作并列连词，表示对比，可译成“而”。如:I am fond of English while he likes math.while 有时可引导让步状语从句，意思是“虽然”。如：While they love their children, th

6、ey are strict with them.零3) as: C “当的时候”，表示点时间时，从句中用短暂性动词；表示段时间时，用持续性动词:此时as和when两者经常可以通用。“一边一边,强调从句和主句中的两个动作交替进行或同步进行。看“随着”【例句】The thief was caught as/when he was stealing in the supermarket. （在此表示段时间）I saw Jim as/when he left the meeting room.（在此表示点时间）They talked as they walked.（一边一边）As time goes

7、on, its getting warmer and warmer.（随着），4） before:“在之前。如：He had learned English for three years before he went to London.0 1 ） before从句有时带有否定意义，即“还没来得及 工如：He ran off before I could stop him.before 常用于句型 It is/will be/was + 一段时间 + before 从句。It is/will be + 一段时间+ before从句（从句用 一般现在时）;译为“时间以后，将发生”。It was

8、 + 一段时间+ before从句（从句用一般过去时）；译为“时间以后，发生了”。 【例句】It will be at least three years before the experiment can be successful.It will be not long before you regret what you have done. 不久以后你将对你的所作所为后悔的。It was ten years before they moved to America.It was not long before I realized I was wrong. 不久以后我就意识至 U我错了

9、。5） till/until:用于肯定句时，表示“直到 为止”，主句必须为持续性动词。【例句】We shall wait until/till he comes back.Everything went well until/till that accident happened. （went 在此是系动词，表示状态）notuntil/till 表示“直到才”，主句通常要用短暂动词，这时 until和till 可用before代替。如：I didn t leave until/till/before she came back.People do not know the value of t

10、heir health till/until/before they lose it.D 2）当not until位于句首时，主句中的主语、谓语要使用倒装语序。但 till从句一般不放在句首。如： Not until she stopped crying did I leave.I3 3）在强调句型中只能用until ,不用till 。如：It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I recognized her.since:“自从其用法比较复杂，如下所示:since:“自从其用法比较复杂，如下所示:1）若since引导的状语从句的

11、谓语动词是终止性动词（如 go, come, leave, start, begin等）的过去时，则从句表示的时间是“从该动作开始的那一时刻起”。2）若since2）若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态的静态动词（如live, stay, study, learn, smoke, be等）的过去时，则从句表示的时间 是“从该动作或状态的结束时算起”。3）若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词为持续性动词或静态动词的现在完 成时，则表示动作和状态延续到现在（说话时刻），其表示的时间的起点 应从动作发生之时算起。 TOC o 1-5 h z He has studied ver

12、y hard since he came to our school.自从来到我们学校，他非常努力学习。【1】G Great changes have taken place in our school since you left.自从你离开这里，我们学校发生很大变。1 I haven t heard from him since heved here.从他不住这儿起，我一直没有收到他的信。【2】I haven;t eaten any meat since I was a student at school.自从我毕业后就一直没吃过肉。【2】She has never come to see

13、 me since I have lived in the city.自从我住到城里，她就一直不来看我。【3】D I have taught many students since I have been a teacher.自从成为老师以来，我已经教了很多学生。【3】【试做辨析】He has written to me frequently since I was ill.He has written to me frequently since I fell ill.Ive written her 20 letters since I have been here.Ive written

14、her 20 letters since I was here.1) since 有时用于It is +1) since 有时用于It is +段时间 + since ； 或 It has been +段时间 + since ”句型中。表示“从起已有多长时间了”。两句型意思相同，前者是规范说法，后者是口语说法。注意:同上面since的用法一样，若 since从句中是持续性动词的一般过去时，则表示该动作结束有多长时间了。如：It is three years since he smoked.他不吸烟已有三年了。【试做辨析】smoke的现在完成时形式） It is three years sinc

15、e he)eganto smoke. (began 是终止T动词 begin smoke的现在完成时形式） It is three years since heias smoked (has smoked 是持续性动词批注：联系上面讲到的 since的用法，可知两句均翻译为“他吸烟已有三年了。2）在这两个句型结构中，since引导的从句绝对不能用否定式的谓语动词来表示否定意义。如:翻译：他好久没学汉语了。误：It is a long time since he didn t study Chinese.正：It s a long time since he studied Chinese.部）

16、as soon as: “一就”，用来表示主从句的动作是紧接着发生的。【例句】 He rushed home as soon as he got the good news.C 1） immediately , instantly , directly 相当于 as soon as ,从句中用一般过去时态。【例句】They phoned her immediately they reached home.recognized her instantly I caught a glimpse of her.We came directly we got your telephone.） the

17、moment, the minute, the instant, the second这几个名词短语也可用作连词，直接引导时间状语从句，表示“一就”。【例句】 The second the bell rang, the students rushed out of the classroom.J 8) hardly where, scarcely when，no sooner than 这三个短语都表示 “刚就”,可以互换，主句通常用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时；若 hardly, scarcely, no sooner放在句首，主句用倒装语序。【例句】He had no sooner sta

18、rted out than he felt homesick.Hardly had she fallen asleep when a knock at the door woke her up.5 9） once （一旦）,next time （下次）,the first time （第一次）,the last time （上一次）,every time（每次），by the time （到为止）等可以引导的时间状语从句【例句】Once you begin, you must continue.Every time I go and see him, I ll bring him some p

19、resents.The last time I saw Bob, he was making his model plane.By the time he was four years old, he had learned 3,000 English words.2 By the time引导的从句若是一般现在时，主句要用将来完成时；若是一般过去时，主句则要用过去完成时。如：By the time I got home, she had already gone to bed.By the time you receive this letter, I will have left this

20、 city for my hometown.典型例题【2008 d匕京卷 34】I m sorry you ve been waiting so long, but it ll still be somBriameiets back.A. beforeB. sinceC. tillD. after【解析】A.本题考查时间状语从句。句意为：对不起让彳久等了 ，但是还得再过一段时间Brian才回来。实际上“ It will be +一段时间+ before 从句（从句一般现在时）”的运用。所以 A项正确。【2012 丰台一模 31】 Martin drove along he found a co

21、nvenient parking place .A. afterB. whenC. untilD. since【解析】C.本题考查时间状语从句。句意为“马丁沿着路边开车，直到他发现了一个方便的停车位置。” C项符合题意。【2009 东城二模 27】The game is not very difficult you understand the rules.A . beforeB. thoughC. unlessD. once【解析】D.本题考查时间状语从句。句意为：一旦你明白了规则，游戏就不难了。所以D项正确。【海淀高三第一学期其中测试题】23. A moment, please! Let

22、me take down what you ve said I forget.-A . before B. when C. until D. after【解析】A.本题考查时间状语从句。句意为：在我忘记之前让我记下你所说的内容。before表示“在之 前”。所以A项符合题意。占I二、地点状语从句、1、引导词（从属连词）种类：whereeverywhere在的地方每个地方anywhere任何地方 anywhere任何地方wherever无论什么地方比I 2、引导词的用法：o如:。1) where：o如:You should have put the book on the desk.On the

23、 desk, you found it.结合后构成如下状语从句若把两句话结合在一起 形成地点状语从句，需要把 共同的结构on the desk换成 从属连词where。You should have put the book on the desk.On the desk, you found it.结合后构成如下状语从句若把两句话结合在一起 形成地点状语从句，需要把 共同的结构on the desk换成 从属连词where。而且这个共 同的结构至少在一个句子中 作状语。wherever ：意思是“无论什么地方，wherever引导的地点状语从句多位于句首。如:Wherever the sea

24、 is, you will find seamen.You cant camp wherever anywhere you like these days.批注：试问学员能否把这两个状语从句分别拆成两句话，拆分时注意要把引导词转换成某种结构。典型例题【2006 天津高考卷】 If you are traveling the customs are really foreign to your own , please do as the Romansdo.A. in whichB. whatC. whenD. whereA. in whichB. whatC. whenD. where【解析】

25、D.本题考查where引导的地点状语从句，根据句意可得出，如果你到一个风俗习惯陌生的地方旅行，那么就入乡随俗。可以分成的两句话分别是:If you are traveling there, please do as Romans do.和 There,行，那么就入乡随俗。可以分成的两句话分别是:the customs are really foreign to your own.(建议5分钟)【2012海淀一模】Friends are angels who lift us to our feet our wings have trouble remembering how to fly.A.

26、unlessB. becauseC. thoughD. when【2012石景山一模】Once the forest, you ought to remain you are waiting for help .A . losing; where B . losing; there C. lost; thereD . lost; where【2012西城一模】Why do some rich people steal things they could easily afford to buy them?A. unlessB. beforeC. ifD. when【2012海淀二模】House prices vary from place to place and are usually high there are famous schools.A. whereB. sinceC. whenD. whether【2011朝阳一模】you are aware of the trick used in advertisements, I dont think you are eager to buy.A. UnlessB. WhetherC. OnceD. Although【2011海淀一模】Look, the pai