零起点大学英语基础教程4教案

1、 Unit 1 Personal QualitiesTeaching aims and demandsUnderstand the background knowledgeLearn about the new words and phrasesGrasp the main idea and structure of the textConduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activitiesII. Teaching importance and difficulties1.Background informat

2、ion.The usage of some new words and phrases.Some sentence patterns difficult to understandTeaching methodsA combination of traditional teaching methods with the communicative approach will be adopted. Special attention should be paid to classroom interaction. More encouragement is needed and more gu

3、idance will be given to them in their extracurricular study. Use the multimedia device where necessary.Teaching procedure a. Warming-up Activities.Duty ReportHave a brainstorming about words to describe personal qualities. Information related to the textCross-cultural communicationThe key to effecti

4、ve cross-cultural communication is knowledge. First, it is essential that people understand the potential problems of cross-cultural communication, and make a conscious effort to overcome these problems. Second, it is important to assume that one s efforts will not always be successful, and adjust o

5、ne s behavior appropriately.For example, one should always assume that there is a significant possibility that cultural differences are causing communication problems, and be willing to be patient and forgiving, rather than hostile and aggressive, if problems develop. One should respond slowly and c

6、arefully in cross-cultural exchanges, not jumping to the conclusion that you know what is being thought and said.Active listening can sometimes be used to check this out by repeating what one thinks he or she heard, one can confirm that one understands the communication accurately. If words are used

7、 differently between languages or cultural groups, however, even active listening can overlook misunderstandings.Personal qualitiesPersonal qualities are personal characteristics of an individual. They are what make up ones personality. They help a person get along in a new situation. For example, d

8、ependability and patience are qualities that employers would like a good worker to have. Other qualities employers value are: honesty, assertiveness, flexibility, problem solving, friendliness, intelligence, leadership, enthusiasm, and a good sense of humor.Most employers want people who are dependa

9、ble and who get along with others. Though skills are important, an employer will select new employees basedon their personal qualities as well.b. Language points1. Personal qualities generally have either positive or negative connotations.一般来说，一个人的品质包括两个方面：积极的和消极的。either or 要么 要么neither nor 既不.也不2.O

10、ur attitudes toward such personal qualities are partly personal,partly social,and partly cultural.我们对于个人品质的态度因个人、社会、文化因素而异。attitude toward/to 对 的态度partly=in part= in a way=to some extent=to some degreeE.g.But this forecast was only partly true.但这个预言只是部分地实现了。The reason why one is fat is partly caused

11、 by overeating.造成肥胖的部分原因是饮食过多。The hot weather is partly to blame for the water shortage.炎热的天气部分归因于缺水。3.Some people also feel that gender play a role,with some qualities being more positively valued by women than by men and vice versa.有些人认为性别也是一个影响因素，对于某些品质女性比男性更为看重，反之亦然。play a role 起作用 =play an part

12、 invice versa 反之亦然E.g.You hide nothing of yourself and can tell the other anything because you know they accept you just the way you are and vice versa.你丝毫也不掩饰自己，能告诉对方任何事情，因为你知道对方接受的就是你现在的这个样子，反之亦然。He likes me, and vice versa.他喜欢我,我也喜欢他。Vice versa 可能是一组外来词组中的一个，这些词组在正常谈话中用得很紧凑，所以没有人会考虑它们的外国来源或者以前的意思

13、。Versa可以被认为与reverse有关系，这样，不论versa 还是 -verse 在 reverse 中都可以追溯到拉丁文动词vertere， “旋转 ” Versa 实际上按照形式可以追溯到vertere 的过去分词versus，但是按照句法可以追溯到“倒转，转换成对面”的意思。 Vice 是名词 vix 用来表达“一个相互的关系”的绝对离格形式。整个词组的原义是“相互的关系被调换了”或者 “正常的顺序反过来，反过来说。”这个词组于1601 年首次记录在英语用法中。5. Such attitudes are not always static.这些态度并不总是一成不变的。系 V.+ad

14、j.=系表结构。I am so (please) to hear that.Key: pleased解析：系表结构。系表结构有两部分构成：连系动词和表语一 连系动词：连系动词分为三类：be 动词，感官动词，趋势动词。Be 动词： am, is, are, was, were感官动词：sound, look, taste, feel, smell趋势动词：appear, become, grow, get, turn, seem, remain注意： 有一些动词既可以做连系动词又可以作及物动词和不及物动词。He is growing veryfast. 不及物动词I am growing app

15、les in my backyard. 及物动词The sea is growingrough.连系动词He is tasting the food. 及物动词The food tastes good. 连系动词二表语： 下列成分都可以做表语：名词，形容词，副词，动词不定式，动名词，现在分词，过去分词，表语从句使用举例(注意：连系动词不能够单独作谓语，他们必须和表语一起工作构成谓语):名词: False：I am. Right ： I am a student.形容词：False：He became. Right：He became strong.副词：False：She remained.

16、Right： She remained there.现在分词：False：The story seemed. Right: The story seemed interesting.过去分词：False：The windows seemed. Right: The windows seemed broken.动名词：False： His job is teach English. Right: His job is teaching English. 7) 动词不定式：False： Her plan is become the winner in the game. Right: Her pl

17、an is to become the winner in the game.6)和7)的区别：6)中动名词表示某人经常干某事：她从星期一到星期五天天教英语；7)中动词不定式表示某人将要干某事：她的计划是将要成为比赛的胜者。8) 表语从句：False： The question is. Right: The question is whether he will come here in timetomorrow. Right: The question is what he is going to do next. Right: The question is how he has mana

18、ged to solve the problem by himself.6.In cross-cultural terms,there are some qualities,such as generosity,that are highly regarded in many different cultures,while others,such as hatred,are seen as negative.从跨文化角度来说，一些品质，如慷慨，在不同文化中都收到赞誉，而对于其他品质，如满怀仇恨，人们则持反对态度。such as 如 while conj. 连词=whereas 然而=duri

19、ng the time that 当的时候=although 虽然；尽管=as long as 只要c. summary.Main idea and structure of the text.Key words and phrases d. assignment 1.Review the words and phrases 2. Review the lesson.Prepare for the analysis of the text. Preview the unit Finish the exerciseUnit 2 How Much Do you Know About the Wor

20、ld?I. Teaching aims and demandsUnderstand the background knowledgeLearn about the new words and phrasesGrasp the main idea and structure of the textConduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activitiesII. Teaching importance and difficulties1.Background information.The usage of som

21、e new words and phrases.Some sentence patterns difficult to understandTeaching methodsA combination of traditional teaching methods with the communicative approach will be adopted. Special attention should be paid to classroom interaction. More encouragement is needed and more guidance will be given

22、 to them in their extracurricular study. Use the multimedia device where necessary.Teaching procedure a. Warming-up Activities 1.Duty ReportHave a brainstorming about words to describe How Much Do you Know About the World? Information related to the textnews reportA news report is usually composed o

23、f three parts, namely the title, introduction and subject. Metaphor does not only possibly exist in news introduction and main body, but also often appears in news headlines. In order to make the readers take time to glance, or attract the readers English news reports in addition to select people of

24、 common concern news, often spare no effort to in the news title language and expression skill.How much do you know about table manners around the world?In the United States, you are not supposed to eat with your hands. In Japan, you are not supposed to eat or drink while walking down the street, an

25、d you are supposed to make noise while eating n oodles. It shows that you like the food. In Korea, even the youngest person isn t supposed to start eating first. But in China, you are supposed to pick up your bowl of rice. Dont stick your chopstic ks upright in the rice bowl. Instead, lay them on yo

26、ur dish. And sometimes the Chinese host use t heir chopsticks to put food in your bowl or plate. This is a sign of politeness.b. Language points.According to a recent study in the United States, the generation under 35 knows less, cares less, and reads newspapers less than any another generation in

27、the past five decades.美国最近一项研究表明，在过去的50 年中， 35 岁以下的这一代人，比起其他任何一代人都知之甚少，关心甚少，而且读报也甚少。according to 根据2.Only 30 percent of Americans under the age of 35 said they had read a newspaper the previous day.年龄在 35 岁以下的美国人中仅有30%的人说他们前一天读过报。the previous day 前一天the previous year 前一年the previous month 前一个月主语： on

28、ly 30 percent of Americans under the age of 35谓语： said宾语从句：（that） they had read a newspaper the previous day从句也是个句子，也存在主谓。3.The percentage of people viewing television news programmers is down as well.收看电视新闻节目的比率也下降了。as well 也viewing television news programmers 现在分词作定语修饰people后置定语n other words, many

29、 Americans now don t have the information they need to be good consumers, make good business decisions, vote, or understand the current issues of today.换言之，许多美国人现在没有获取他们需要得到的信息，如： 如何成为好的消费者，如何做出明智的商业决策，如何投选票，活着如何理解当今时事。in other words 换句话说need to do 需要做某事make decisions 做决定current issue 期刊.This is pos

30、sibly one of the easiest and most accessible options for everyone.这对每个人可能是最轻松易行的选择。one of +最高级+名词的复数,之一形容词的最高级adj.-est / most+adj.But just in case television isn t possible, there is a third option reading newspapers.可是万一不能看电视，还有第三种选择看报纸。in case 如果、万一（条件状语）；以防（目的状语）区分： in the case ofIn case ofIn cas

31、eI decided to stay at home just in case my friends came round 我决定留在家里，以防朋友们不期而至。in case 引导目的状语从句Do tell us in case you have any trouble.万一有什么困难，一定告诉我们。in case 引导条件状语从句.That is, they place the most important details or facts at the beginning of the article while theleast important ones at the end.即把重

32、要的细节和事实放在文章的开头，而次要的置于文章末尾。at the beginning of 在的开始while=whereas 而little less least.All these options are easy as well as important.所有这些选择都同样简单易行而且同等重要。as well as 也；和一样；不但而且“不但而且”A as well as B语意重点在A 不在 BHe can speak Spanish as well as English他不但会说英语，而且还会讲西班牙语。先译 B 再译 A“和一样好”He speaks Spanish as well

33、 as English他说西班牙像说英语一样好。重点也在as well as 前面。先译 A 再译 Bgnorance is not bliss; ignorance is ignorance.无知不是福，无知就是无知。We can avoid being uninformed and ignorant by following one of the three options.我们按照这三个选择去做，就可以避免孤陋寡闻和无知。avoid doing 避免做某事by prep. 通过10.We don t want to be a nation in trouble because of ou

34、r lace of knowledge.我们谁也不甘心因为知识欠缺而使我们的民族陷入困境。want to do 想要做某事nation n.国家；民族；国民because of + 短语because +句子lack of 缺乏We are happy at the good news Mr. Black has been awarded the Best Manager.A. that B. which C. what D. whetherKey: A解析：同位语从句。summary.Main idea and structure of the text.Key words and phra

35、sesassignment.Review the words and phrases. Review the lesson.Prepare for the analysis of the text. Preview the unit Finish the exerciseUnit 3 AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency SyndromeI. Teaching aims and demandsUnderstand the background knowledgeLearn about the new words and phrasesGrasp the main id

36、ea and structure of the textConduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activitiesII. Teaching importance and difficulties1.Background information.The usage of some new words and phrases.Some sentence patterns difficult to understandTeaching methodsA combination of traditional teach

37、ing methods with the communicative approach will be adopted. Special attention should be paid to classroom interaction. More encouragement is needed and more guidance will be given to them in their extracurricular study. Use the multimedia device where necessary.Teaching procedure a. Warming-up Acti

38、vities.Duty ReportHave a brainstorming about words to describe How Much Do you Know About the World? Information related to the textAIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency SyndromeHuman immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a spectrum of conditions caused by

39、infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).Following initial infection, a person may not notice any symptoms or may experience a brief period of influenza-like illness. Typically, this is followed by a prolonged period with no symptoms. As the infection progresses, it interferes more with

40、 the immune system, increasing the risk of common infections like tuberculosis, as well as other opportunistic infections, and tumors that rarely affect people who have working immune systems.These late symptoms of infection are referred to as AIDS. This stage is often also associated withweight los

41、s.HIV is spread primarily by unprotected sex (including anal and oral sex), contaminated blood transfusions, hypodermic needles, and from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding. Some bodily fluids, such as saliva and tears, do not transmit HIV. Methods of prevention include saf

42、e sex, needle exchange programs,treating those who are infected, and male circumcision. Disease in a baby can often be prevented by giving both the mother and childantiretroviral medication.There is no cure or vaccine; however, antiretroviral treatment can slow the course of the disease and may lead

43、 to a near-normal life expectancy.Treatment is recommended as soon as the diagnosis is made.13 Without treatment, the average survival time after infection is 11 years.The Day We Went to a Hospital to See an AIDS SuffererLast Sunday all of our class with our class together with our head teacher went

44、 to a hospital to see an AIDS sufferer. We brought a bound of flowers and a basket of fruit m send to the patient. The female patient was very glad to see us. She told us that most of the people avoided seeing her since she was told that she carried the HIV virus. The doctor told us that the HIV vir

45、us wouldnt be infected through daily communication. People in China are often ignorant of the disease and look down upon those who suffer from AIDS. It is wrong.During our stay there, we talked with the woman bout her family and our school life. Some students sent her books and their favorite CDs. S

46、he was greatly touched and said in tears that she would be optimistic and confident of overcoming the disease. Our teacher hugged her good bye and promised we would come to see her often.On our way back to school, I was thinking that if everyone of us loves each other more and gives a hand when othe

47、rs are in trouble, the world will become more beautiful.Language points. Related words and phrasesWHO 世界卫生组织as many as 多达patient 病人fight off 击退；抵御mental disorder 精神失常at present 目前drug 药；毒品spread v./n.传播false adj.错误的care for 照顾blood test 血液检查deal with 处理 =cope with.The World Health Organization (WHO)

48、 says/ as many as 10 million people worldwide may have the virus that causes AIDS.主语：The World Health Organization (WHO)谓语：says宾语从句: (that) as many as 10 million people worldwide may have the virus that causes AIDS10 million 10 个百万 =1 千万百 /千 /百万/十亿hundred/thousand/million/billion百 /千 /百万/十亿hundred/t

49、housand/million/billionone thousandthree thousand hundreds of 成百上千的thousands of 成千上万的millions of数百万的billions of数十亿的译文：引起艾滋病的病毒that引导定语从句，修饰the virus， the virus 作了定语从句的先行词。定语从句相当于一个形容词。“的”形容词修饰名词；定语从句也修饰名词，即先行词。.AIDS is a life-threatening sickness that attacks the body s natural defense system agains

50、t disease.艾滋病是一种威胁生命的疾病，它侵袭人体的自然免疫系统。life-threatening 威胁生命的(复合形容词)sickness=disease=illness n.疾病that引导定语从句，修饰sickness， sickness是定语从句的先行词。.The patient has little ability to fight off many other diseases including pneumonia, cancer, blindness and mental disorders.患者几乎没有什么能力来抵御包括肺炎、癌症、失明和精神失常等众多疾病。patie

51、nt 病人fight off 击退；抵御( fight on, fight over, fight back, fight down)mental disorder 精神失常.At present, there is no cure for AIDS and no vaccine medicine to prevent it.目前，艾滋病无法医治，也无法预防疫苗。at present =now 目前.The virus can be passed sexually or by sharing instruments used to take intravenous drugs.这种病毒传播可以

52、通过性行为或共用静脉注射器。情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be doneby prep. 通过 (by doing)drug 药；毒品.You can not get AIDS by working or attending school with someone/who has the disease.与艾滋病患者一起工作或是学习不会感染上艾滋病。by prep. 通过 (by doing)who 引导定语从句，修饰先行词someone. They include always feeling tired, unexplained weight loss and the uncontroll

53、ed expulsion of body wastes.包括长期乏力、原因不明的消瘦以及大小便失禁。feel 系动词 +tired 形容词=系表结构.However, that you have one or more of these conditions does not mean/you have AIDS.主语： that you have one or more of these conditions ( 主语从句)谓语： does not mean宾语从句: (that) you have AIDS.Until then, health experts say, the best

54、immediate way to deal with the problem is through education and prevention.卫生方面的专家认为在此之前，教育和预防是解决这一问题的最佳、最直接的方法。good better bestdeal with 处理 =cope withsummary.Main idea and structure of the text.Key words and phrasesassignment.Review the words and phrases. Review the lesson.Prepare for the analysis

55、of the text. Preview the unit Finish the exerciseUnit4 Changing Attitudes to Lifelong EmploymentTeaching aims and demandsUnderstand the background knowledgeLearn about the new words and phrasesGrasp the main idea and structure of the textConduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing a

56、ctivitiesII. Teaching importance and difficulties1.Background information.The usage of some new words and phrases.Some sentence patterns difficult to understandTeaching methodsA combination of traditional teaching methods with the communicative approach will be adopted. Special attention should be p

57、aid to classroom interaction. More encouragement is needed and more guidance will be given to them in their extracurricular study. Use the multimedia device where necessary.Teaching procedureWarming-up Activities.Duty ReportHave a brainstorming about words to describe Attitudes to Lifelong Employmen

58、t Information related to the textJob huntingJob hunting, job seeking, or job searching is the act of looking for employment, due to unemployment,underemployment, discontent with a current position, or a desire for a better position. The immediate goal of job seeking is usually to obtain a job interv

59、iew with an employerwhich may lead to getting hired. The job hunter or seeker typically first looks for job vacancies or employment opportunities. Suggestions to job huntingNow, many graduates are concerned about job hunting. However, before they dive into it, they have to think carefully what shoul

60、d be taken into consideration as for job hunting. As follows, I will give you some suggestions.First of all, we should concerned about whether this job suits your interest. Interest is the best master. If you dont show much enthusiasm about it, your job will not last long.Secondly, you should consid