非谓语动词讲解

1、非谓语动词非谓语动词:1动词不定式2动名词3分词（现在分词；过去分词）概述：.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词.非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分。它们不受主语人称和数的限制，在句子中不能充当谓语，但可以充当句子的其他成分，并且有时态和语态的变化。非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词），又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.动词不定式一动词不定式的时态和被动形式动词不定式是非

2、谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号（to）加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种：一般式todo进行式tobedoing一般式todo进行式tobedoing完成式tohavedone被动式tobedone例如：Heseemedtobereadingsomethingatthattime.例如：Heseemedtohavecleanedtheroom.例如：Theworkistobedonesoon.5.完成被动式tohavebeendone例如：Theboyissaidtohavebeensenttohospitalyesterday.二.动词不定式的用法.作主语（1）不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语

3、动词之前。Toseeistobelieve.Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.注：常用it做形式主语，将todo放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It+t谓语+todoIttakesusanhour_to_gettherebybus.句型2：Its+n.+todoItsourduty_to_helpthepoor.Itisagreatenjoyment_to_spendourholidayinthemountains.句型3：Itis+adj+forsbtodosth（是形容事物的性质的）Itis+adj+ofsbtodosth（是形容人的品质的）Itiseas

4、yformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.Itsimpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.作宾语接不定式做宾语Iwanttoknowthismatter.Idontexpecttomeetyouhere(1)常见动词有：like,demand,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,

5、seem,intend,forget,want,prepare,pretend,refuse,plan,afford,wish等Theywanted(get)onthebus,didntthey?Hesaidhewished(be)aprofessor.(2)it作形式宾语Ifind/feeltoworkwithhiminterestingIfind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhimSubject+find/think/feel/make/considerit+adj/n+todosth.Wethought_betterstartearly.Doyouconside

6、r_betternot_go?.Ifeelmydutychangeallthat.Wethink_importantobeythelaw.Iknow_impossible_finishsomuchhomeworkinaday.(3)常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,explain,know,discover,Hetaughtushowtousethetool.Noonecouldtellmewheretogetthebook.Ihaventdecidedwhethertogoorstay.下列

7、词接动名词和不定式均可，stoptodo下列词接动名词和不定式均可，stoptodo停下来去做forgettodo忘记要做remembertodo记得要做regrettodo遗憾要做trytodo企图做，尽力做goontodo继续做（另一件事）meantodo打算做stopdoing停止做forgetdoing忘记做过rememberdoing记得做过regretdoing后悔做过trydoing试着做goondoing继续做（同一件事）meandoing意味做1InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeansforanotherhour.AwaitingBtowait

8、ingCwaitDtobewaitingBoys,dontforgetthewindowsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.A.closingB.closedC.toclosingD.tocloseShereachedthetopofthehillandstoppedonabigrock.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.restRememberthelightswhenyouleavetheoffice.A.toturnoffB.turningoffC.turnoffD.toturningoff(4)在cannotbut,cannotcho

9、ose/helpbut之后接不带to的不定式Ihavenochoicebuttowait.(wait)“前有do,后无to”Icantdoanythingbut_go(go)outwithher.III.作宾语补足语Illgetsomeone_repairtherecorderforyou.Whatcausedhim_changehismind?advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,expect,encourage,force,get,hate,invite,order,wish,want,warn,remind,promise,permit,persuade,request+

10、sb.todo注意：(1)在动词feel(一感)，hear,listento(二听)，have,let,make(三让)，notice,see,watch,observe,lookat(五看)(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to,但变为被动语态后，必须带to。如：Theysawtheboyfalloffthetree.Theboywasseentofalloffthetree.help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.Ioftenhelphim(to)cleantheroom.Ihelpedhim(to)findhisthings.Heisoftenhe

11、ard(sing)thesong.Thoughheoftenmadehisdeskmate(cry),todayhewasmade(cry)byhisdeskmate.IV.作定语Ihavesomethingtotellyou.(不定式作定语)不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系Doyouhaveanythingtowashtoday?不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容Ihavenochancetogothere.被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语Sheisalwaysthelasttoleavetheroom.不定式为不及物动词且和所修饰的名词是动宾关系时，须加介词.Thehouseisnotbigenough

12、forusall.A.toliveinB.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forlivingin.Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife?A.tocutthefruitwithB.tocutthefruitC.cuttingthefruitD.cuttingthefruitwith3.Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.Pleasefindapieceofpapertowriteon(写上)4.Excuseme,couldIuseyourpenforamoment?Ihavenopentowritewith(写)V.作状语不定式作状语可以表示目

13、的、原因、结果。IcameheretoseeyouWewereveryexcitedtohearthenewsHehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.对比TolearnEnglishwell,heneedsagooddictionary.TolearnEnglishwell,agooddictionaryisneeded.Togetthereintime,hetoldmetogetupearly.不定式的主动形式表示被动意义Ihavesomethingimportanttodo.不定式的主动形式表示被动意义Ihavesomethingimportanttod

14、o.Thisquestionisdifficulttoanswer.Intheaccident,thedriverwastoblame.Theboxisnoteasytocarry.动名词一.动名词的基本构成：动词+ing。具有动词和名词的性质。主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendoneNoonelikesbeinglaughedat.Idontrememberhavingeverbeengivenachancetodoit.二.动名词的用法Smokingdoesgreatharmtopeopleshealth.（作主语）Myjob

15、islookingafterchildren.（作表语）Ihavefinishedreadingthenovel.（作宾语）Wehavegotaswimmingpoolinourschool.（做定语）注意：下列动词后只能用动名词：admit,advise,suggest,avoid,consider,delay,deny,excuse,finish,imagine,include,keep（on）,mind,practice,miss,resist.e.g.Hefinishedreadingthenovelintwodays.Iamconsideringgoingtherebybicycle

16、.IsuggestedputtingoffthemeetingtillnextWednesday.Iamsorrytomisscatchingthefirstbus.下列词组后只能用动名词：be/getusedto,canthelp/stop,cantstand,giveup,feellike,lookforwardto,getdownto,havedifficulty/trouble（in）,bebusy（in）,putoff,payattentionto,insiston等等。e.g.HehasbeenusedtolivingIthecityaftersomanyyearshavepass

17、ed.Idontlikegoingtoseethefilmnow.Shesattherewithout(speak)Ilookforwardto(see)himagain.Areyouusedto(live)therealone?Whenmyfatherheardthenews,hecouldnthelp(laugh).Idontfeellike(go)toseethefilm.Hewasbusy(prepare)hislessons主动表被动(1)主语+be(well)worth+doing某事很值得一做(2)主语+need/want/require+doing某事需要被做=主语+need/

18、want/requiretobedoneTheTVprogramiswellworthwatching.Thebikeneedsrepairingimmediately.=Thebikeneedstoberepairedimmediately.Theroomwants(clean).Themethodneeds_(improve).Thispairofshoesrequire(mend).Theproblemneeds_(workout).Thequestioniswellworth(discuss)动名词的复合结构动名词前可以加一个物主代词或名词所有格来表示这个动名词逻辑上的主语，构成动名词

19、的复合结构或动名词短语NixonsvisitingChinamarkedanewyearbetweenU.S.andChinadiplomaticrelations.Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.分词1、分词的构成现在分词一般时：表示和谓语动词的动作同时发生。分词=完成时：表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作。过去分词：表示被动的或已完成的动作。e.g.Hearingthenews,wealljumpedwithjoy.Havingstudiedintheuniversityfor4years,heknowstheplaceverywell.H

20、avingbeencriticizedbytheteacher,LiGangfinallygaveupsmoking.Healwayshashishaircuteverythreeweeks.（一）分词的作用现在分词表示：主动，动作正在进行。过去分词表示：被动，动作已经完成。1作定语Doyouknowtheboystandingatthegate?HaveyoureadthebookwrittenbyLuXun?.作表语Weareexcitedatthenews.Thenewshetoldusisexciting.作宾语补足语Iheardhimsingingasongintheclassroo

21、m.Wefoundthegroundcoveredwithsnow.作状语Whilelyinginbed,helistenedtosomemusic.Seenfromthehill,thevillagelooksmovebeautiful.分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，否则分词前面必须有自己的主语。现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别:现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,wecanseeabeautifulfactory.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,thefactorylook

22、sbeautiful.(Hearing/heard)thebadnews,theycouldnthelpcrying.(Whentheyheardthebadnews)(Giving/Given)moretime,wecoulddoitbetter.(Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention)Istoodbythedoor,notdaringtosayaword.Beingsoangry,hecouldntgotosleep.(Becausehewassoangry)Theycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.(andtheyw

23、eresinginglaughing)Toservethepeoplewell,Istudyhard.(Inordertoservethepeoplewell)(二)分词的时态现在分词分一般式和完成式，而过去分词则没有时态形式的变化。现在分词的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生，或在谓语动词之前发生。例如：Knowinghisunclewouldcome,hebegantomakesomepreparations.现在分词的完成时，表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，常用作状语。例如：Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.(三)现在分词的被动式被动一般式

24、beingdone被动完成式havingbeendoneThisisoneofthenewsupermarketsbeingbuiltinourcity.Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hewasabletooperatethemachine.(四)分词的否定形式分词的否定式，由not十分词构成，例如：Nothavingheardthenews.Iwrotetohimagain.Notknowinghowtoworkoutthemathsproblem,Iwenttotheteacherforhelp.(五)分词独立主格结构当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，带逻辑主语的分词短

25、语成为独立主格结构，在句法功能上起状语作用。例如：Weatherpermitting,theywillgoandvisitthesciencemuseum.Themeetingbeingover,theyalllefttheroom.Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.Themoonappearing,theydecidedtogoonwiththeirjourney.Shestoodthere,bookinhand.Everybodyathome,wesatdowntodinner.由Therebeing+主语这种结构多表示原因。例如：Therebeingalot

26、ofbookstoread,heoftenstudiedtillmidnight.因为有许多书要读，他经常学习到深夜。with+复合宾语结构with+名词/代词+形容词ontspeakwithyourmouthfull.with+名词/代词+副词Thesquarelooksmorebeautifulthaneverwiththelightson.（3）with+名词/代词+介词短语Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarms.with+名词/代词+-ing分词Shefeltverynervouswithsomanypeoplelookingather.Withthe01dma

27、nleading,thetwostartedtowardthemountains.with+名词/代词+不定式Withfiveminutestogobeforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedhere.with+名词/代词+-en分词Withhismattersettled,welefttheroom.非谓语真题练习1【全国卷II】10.Tonylentmethemoney,thatIddoasmuchforhim.A.hopingB.tohopeC.hopedD.havinghoped2【全国卷II】15.Theoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisio

28、neveryevening,happy_anythingthathappenedtobeon.A.towatchB.watchingC.watchedD.tohavewatched3【安徽】24.IrememberedthedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgottoturnoffthelights.A.lockingB.tolockC.havinglockedD.tohavelocked4【安徽】30.Whenforhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.

29、A.askingB.askedC.havingaskedD.tobeasked5【重庆】23.toworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.A.HavingbeenaskedB.ToaskC.HavingaskedD.Tobeasked6【重庆】28.Werehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecisionatthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.A.tobemadeB.beingmadeC.madeD.havingbeenmade7【全国】28.Thepartyw

30、illbeheldinthegarden,weather.A.permittingB.topermitC.permittedD.permit8【全国】32.Filmhasamuchshorterhistory,especiallywhensuchartformsasmusicandpainting.A.havingcomparedtoB.comparingtoC.comparetoD.comparedto9【北京】23.Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesandthem.A.correctsB.correctC.tocorrectD.correcting10【北

31、京】27.withcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.A.UseB.UsingC.UsedD.Touse11【北京】31.atthedoorbeforeyouentermyroom,please.A.KnockB.KnockingC.KnockedD.Toknock12【福建】28.ChinarecentlytighteneditswaterscontrolsneartheHuangyanIslandtopreventChinesefishingboatsfromintheSouthChinaSea.A.attackingB.havingattackingC.bein

32、gattackedD.havingbeenattacked13【福建】34.Pressedfromhisparents,andthathehaswastedtoomuchtime,theboyisdeterminedtostopplayingvideogames.A.realizingB.realizedC.torealizeD.beingrealized14【陕西】15.inalongqueue,wewaitedforthestoretoopentobuyaNewiPad.A.StandingB.TostandC.StoodD.StandA.StandingB.TostandC.StoodD

33、.Stand15【陕西】22.Ifhetakesonthiswork,hewillhavenochoicebutanevengreaterchallenge.A.meetsB.meetingC.meetD.tomeet16【山东】26.Georgereturnedafterthewar,onlythathiswifehadlefthim.A.tobetoldB.tellingC.beingtoldD.told17【山东】35.Aftercompletingandsigningit,pleasereturntheformtousintheenvelope.A.providingB.provide

34、dC.havingprovidedD.provide18【湖南】21.Wevehadagoodstart,butnext,moreworkneedstoachievethefinalsuccess.A.beingdoneB.doC.tobedoneD.todo19【湖南】23.Time,correctly,ismoneyinthebank.A.touseB.usedC.usingD.use20【湖南】31.Thelecture,at7:00pmlastnight,wasfollowedbyanobservationofthemoonwithtelescopes.A.startingB.bein

35、gstartingC.tostartD.tobestarted21【天津】11.Hegotuplateandhurriedtohisoffice,thebreakfastuntouched.A.leftB.toleaveC.leavingD.havingleft22【江西】33.Havingfinishedherproject,shewasinvitedbytheschooltothenewstudents.A.speakingB.havingspokenC.tospeakD.tohavespoken23【江西】35.Johnhasreallygotthejobbecauseheshowedm

36、etheofficialletterhimit.A.offeredB.offeringC.toofferD.tobeoffered24【辽宁】25.Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersuperintheparkwiththeirpetdog.A.tofollowB.followingC.followedD.follows25【辽宁】29.Thismachineisveryeasy.Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.A.operatingB.tobeoperatingC.operatedD.tooperate26【四川】6.Tom

37、tookataxitotheairport,onlyhisplanehighupinthesky.A.findingB.tofindC.beingfoundD.tohavefound27【四川】8.Ilookedupandnoticedasnakeitswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.A.towindB.windC.windingD.wound28【四川】12.Beforedrivingintothecity,youarerequiredtogetyourcarA.washedB.washC.washingD.towashA.washedB.washC.wash

38、ingD.towash29【浙江】3.Nomatterhowbrightatalkeryouare,therearetimeswhenitsbettersilent.A.remainB.beremainingC.havingremainedD.toremain30【浙江】8.IthinkTom,astheheadofabigdepartment,shouldeitherstudyregularlyorhisjob.A.quitsB.toquitC.quittingD.quit31【浙江】11.“Itssuchaniceplace,”Mothersaidasshesatatthetablefor

39、customers.A.tobereservedB.havingreservedC.reservingD.reserved32【江苏】31.animportantdecisionmoreonemotionthanonreason,youwillregretitsoonorlater.A.BasedB.BasingC.BaseD.Tobase1-5AABBA6-10AADDC11-15ACAAD16-20ABCBA21-25CCBBD26-30BCADD31-32DBLesson20Pioneerpilots飞行员的先驱一、【Text】课文In1908LordNorthcliffeoffered

40、aprizeof1000tothefirstmanwhowouldflyacrosstheEnglishChannel.Overayearpassedbeforethefirstattemptwasmade.OnJuly19th,1909,intheearlymorning,HubertLathamtookofffromtheFrenchcoastinhisplanetheAntoinetteIV.HehadtravelledonlysevenmilesacrosstheChannelwhenhisenginefailedandhewasforcedtolandonthesea.TheAnto

41、inettefloatedonthewateruntilLathamwaspickedupbyaship.Twodayslater,LouisBleriotarrivednearCalaiswithaplanecalledNo.XI.Bleriothadbeenmakingplanessince1905andthiswashislatestmodel.Aweekbefore,hehadcompletedasuccessfuloverlandflightduringwhichhecoveredtwenty-sixmiles.Latham,howeverdidnotgiveupeasily.He,

42、too,arrivednearCalaisonthesamedaywithanewAntonette.ItlooksasiftherewouldbeanexcitingraceacrosstheChannel.BothplanesweregoingtotakeoffonJuly25th,butLathamfailedtogetupearlyenough.Aftermakingashorttestflightat4.15a.m.,Bleriotsetoffhalfanhourlater.Hisgreatflightlastedthirtysevenminutes.Whenhelandednear

43、Dover,thefirstpersontogreethimwasalocalpoliceman.LathammadeanotherattemptaweeklaterandgotwithinhalfamileofDover,buthewasunluckyagain.Hisenginefailedandhelandedontheseaforthesecondtime.Lesson21DanielMendoza丹尼尔门多萨一、【Text】课文BoxingmatcheswereverypopularinEnglandtwohundredyearsago.Inthosedays,boxersfough

44、twithbarefistsforPrizemoney.Becauseofthis,theywereknownasprizefighters.However,boxingwasverycrude,fortherewerenorulesandaprizefightercouldbeseriouslyinjuredorevenkilledduringamatch.OneofthemostcolourfulfiguresinboxinghistorywasDanielMendozawhowasbornin1764.Theuseofgloveswasnotintroduceduntil1860when

45、theMarquisofQueensberrydrewupthefirstsetofrules.Thoughhewastechnicallyaprizefighter,Mendozadidmuchtochangecrudeprizefightingintoasport,forhebroughtsciencetothegame.Inhisday,Mendozaenjoyedtremendouspopularity.Hewasadoredbyrichandpooralike.Mendozarosetofameswiftlyafteraboxingmatchwhenhewasonlyfourteen

46、yearsold.ThisattractedtheattentionofRichardHumphrieswhowasthenthemosteminentboxerinEngland.HeofferedtotrainMendozaandhisyoungpupilwasquicktolearn.Infact,MendozasoonbecamesosuccessfulthatHumphriesturnedagainsthim.Thetwomenquarrelledbitterlyanditwasclearthattheargumentcouldonlybesettledbyafight.Amatch

47、washeldatStiltonwherebothmenfoughtforanhour.ThepublicbetagreatdealofmoneyonMendoza,buthewasdefeated.MendozametHumphriesintheringonalateroccasionandhelostforasecondtime.Itwasnotuntilhisthirdmatchin1790thathefinallybeatHumphriesandbecameChampionofEngland.Meanwhile,hefoundedahighlysuccessfulAcademyandevenLordByronbecameoneofhispupils.Heearnedenormoussumsofmoneyandwaspaidasmuchas&100forasingleappearance.Despitethis,hewassoextravagantthathewasalwaysindebt.AfterhewasdefeatedbyaboxercalledGentlemanJackson,hewasquicklyforgotten.Hewa