初中英语人教版知识点总结

1、初中英语人教版知识点总结一般现在时的用法经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语：every,sometimes,at,onSundayIleavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.表示格言或警句中。Pridegoesbeforeafall.骄者必败。注意：此用法若是出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbusprovedthattheearthisround.4)现在时刻的

2、状态、能力、性格、个性。Idontwantsomuch.AnnWangwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell.比较：NowIputthesugarinthecup.Iamdoingmyhomeworknow.第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的刹时动作。再如：Nowwatchme,Iswitchonthecurrentandstandback.第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所今后句用一般现在时。2.一般过去时的用法1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday,las

3、tweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982Wheredidyougojustnow?等。2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.WhenevertheBrownswentduringtheirvisit,theyweregivenawarmwelcome.3）句型：Itistimeforsb.todosth到时间了该了Itistimesb.didsth.时间已迟了早该了Itistimeforyoutogotobed.你该睡觉了。Itistimeyouwenttobed

4、.你早该睡觉了。would(had)rathersb.didsth.表示宁愿某人做某事Idratheryoucametomorrow.wish,wonder,think,hope等用过去时，作试试性的咨询、央求、建议等。Ithoughtyoumighthavesome.我以为你想要一些。比较：一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。Christinewasaninvalidallherlife.(含义：她已不在人间。)Christinehasbeenaninvalidallherlife.(含义：她现在还活着)Mrs.DarbylivedinKentuckyforsevenyea

5、rs.(含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs.DarbyhaslivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚走开)注意：用过去时表示现在，表示宛转语气。1）动词want,hope,wonder,think,intend等。Didyouwantanythingelse?Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.2）神情动词could,would.Couldyoulendmeyourbike?3.usedto/beusedtousedto+do：过去经常表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但现在已不存在。Motherusednottobes

6、oforgetful.Scarfusedtotakeawalk.(过去经常闲步)beusedto+doing：对已感觉习惯，或习惯于，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。Heisusedtoavegetariandiet.Scarfisusedtotakingawalk.(现在习惯于闲步)典型例题-Yourphonenumberagain?I_quitecatchit.-Its69568442.A.didntB.couldntC.dontD.cant答案A.本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。4.一般将来时1)shall用于第一人称，常被

7、will所代替。will在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求建议经常用于第二人称。WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst.Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?begoingto+不定式，表示将来。a.主语的妄图，马上做某事。Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?计划，安排要发生的事。有迹象要发生的事Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.be+不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.beaboutto+不定式，意为

8、马上做某事。HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.注意：beaboutto不能够与tomorrow,nextweek连用。等表示明确将来时的时间状语5.begoingto/will用于条件句时，begoingto表将来will表意愿Ifyouaregoingtomakeajourney,youpossible.dbettergetreadyforitassoonasNowifyouwilltakeoffyourclothes,wewillfitthenewclothesonyouinfrontofthemirror.6.beto和begoingtobeto表示客观安排或受人指示

9、而做某事。begoingto表示主观的打算或计划。Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.(客观安排)Imgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.(主观安排)一般现在时表将来1）以下动词：come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.Whendoesthebusstar?Itstarsintenminutes.2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如：Herecomesthe

10、bus.=Thebusiscoming.Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing.3）在时间或条件句中。WhenBillcomes(不是willcome),askhimtowaitforme.IllwritetoyouassoonasIarrivethere.4）在动词hope,takecarethat,makesurethatIhopetheyhaveanicetimenextweek.等后。Makesurethatthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleavetheroom.用于现在完成时的句型1）Itisthefirst/secondtim

11、e.that结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.2）Thisisthethat结构，thatThisisthebestfilmthatI从句要用现在完成时ve(ever)seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。Thisisthefirsttime(that)Iveheardhimsing这.是我第一次听他唱歌。典型例题-Doyouknowourtownatall?-No,thisisthefirsttimeI_here.A.wasB.havebee

12、nC.cameD.amcoming答案B.Thisisthefirsttime后边所加从句应为现在完成时，应选B。-Haveyou_beentoourtownbefore?-No,itsthefirsttimeI_here.A.even,comeB.even,havecomeC.ever,comeD.ever,havecome答案D.ever意为从前或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。ThisisthelargestfishIhaveeverseen.Itis/wasthefirsttime+that-clause的句型中，从句要用完成时。注意：非连续性动词的否定形式能够与表示

13、连续时间的状语连用。的状态是能够连续的。（错）Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.（对）Ihaventreceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.12.比较since和for即动作不发生Since用来说明动作初步时间，for用来说明动作连续时间长度。Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.Myaunthasworkedinaclinicsince1949.Somenewoilfieldshavebeenopenedupsince1976.Ihaveknow

14、nXiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.MybrotherhasbeenintheYouthLeaguefortwoyears.Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.注意：其实不是有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.(我现在已不在这里工作。)Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.(现在我仍在这里工作。)小窍门：当现在完成时+一段时间，这一结构中，我们用下面的公式转变，很简单就能消除非连续动词在完成时中的误使。1)(对)TomhasstudiedRu

15、ssianforthreeyears.TombegantostudyRussianthreeyearsago,andisstillstudyingitnow.2)(错)Harryhasgotmarriedforsixyears.Harrybegantogetmarriedsixyearsago,andisstillgettingmarriednow.显然，第二句不对，它应改为Harrygotmarriedsixyearsago.或Harryhasbeenmarriedforsixyears.13.since的四种用法since+过去一个时间点(如详尽的年、月、日期、钟点、1980,lastmo

16、nth,halfpastsix)。Ihavebeenheresince1989.2)since+一段时间+agoIhavebeenheresincefivemonthsago.3)since+从句Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.Considerabletimehaselapsedsincewehavebeenhere.4)Itis+一段时间+since从句ItistwoyearssinceIbecameapostgraduatestudent.被动语态的几各种类1）主语句中有一个宾语的被动语态，如：Hesawherintheshopyesterda

17、y.Shewasseenintheshopyesterday.主语有两个宾语的被动语态LiLeigavemeachemistrybook.IwasgivenachemistrybookbyLiLei.AchemistrybookwasgiventomebyLiLei.3）主动句中含宾语补足语的句子的被动语态若宾语补足语是不带to的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加to。此类动词为感官动词：feel,hear,help,listento,lookat,make,observe,see,notice,watchTheteachermademegooutoftheclassroom.-Iwasm

18、adetogooutoftheclassroom(bytheteacher).Wesawhimplayfootballontheplayground.-Hewasseentoplayfootballontheplayground.若宾语补足语是带to的不定式，那么被动语态仍保留to:MothertoldmenottobelateIwastoldnottobelatebymother.5）神情动词+be+过去分词，构成被动语态。Coalcanbeusedtoproduceelectricityforagricultureandindustry.6）表示听闻或相信的词组believe,consid

19、er,declare,expect,feel,report,say,see,suppose,think,understandItissaidthat据说Itisreportedthat据报道Itisbelievedthat大家相信Itishopedthat大家希望Itiswellknownthat众所周知Itisthoughtthat大家以为Itissuggestedthat据建议Itistakengrantedthat被视为自然Ithasbeendecidedthat大家决定Itmustberememberthat务必记住的是ItissaidthatshewillleaveforWuhano

20、nTuesday.连续动词与刹时动词用于完成时的差异连续动词表示经验、经历；刹时动词表示行为的结果，不能够与表示段的时间状语连用。Hehascompletedthework.他已完成了那项工作。(表结果)Iveknownhimsincethen.我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)2)用于till/until从句的差异连续动词用于必定句，表示做直到刹时动词用于否定句，表示到，才Hedidntcomebackuntiltenoclock.他到10点才回来。Hesleptuntiltenoclock.他素来睡到10点。典型例题1.Youdontneedtodescribeher.I_hersevera

21、ltimes.A.hadmetB.havemetC.metD.meet答案B.第一本题后句重申对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，severaltimes见告为屡次发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。2.-Imsorrytokeepyouwaiting.-Oh,notatall.I_hereonlyafewminutes.A.havebeenB.hadbeenC.wasD.willbe答案A.等待的动作由过去开始，连续到现在，应用现.不定式作宾语动词+不定式affordaimappearagreearrangeaskbedecidebothercarechoosecomedaredema

22、nddesiredetermineexpectelectendeavorhopefailhappenhelphesitatelearnlongmeanmanageofferoughtplanpreparepretendpromiserefuseseemtendwaitwishundertake举例：Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.司机没能及时看见另一辆车。Ihappentoknowtheanswertoyourquestion.我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。2）动词+不定式；动词+宾语+不定式ask,beg,choose,expect,hate,hel

23、pintendlike,love,needprefer,prepare,promise,want,wishIliketokeepeverythingtidy.我喜欢每件东西都保持齐整。Ilikeyoutokeepeverythingtidy.我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持齐整。IwanttospeaktoTom.我想和汤姆发言。IwantyoutospeaktoTom.我想让你和汤姆发言。3）动词+疑问词+todecide,know,considerforget,learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,findout,explain,tellP

24、leaseshowushowtodothat.请演示给我们怎样去做。Therearesomanykindsoftape-recordersonsalethatIcantmakeupmymindwhichtobuy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定想法买哪一种。注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。Thequestionishowtoputitintopractice.问题是怎样把它付诸推行。不定式作补语1)动词+宾语+不定式(todo)adviseallowappointbelievecausechallengecommandcompelconsiderdeclaredriveena

25、bleencouragefindforbidforceguesshireimagineimpelinduceinforminstructinvitejudgeknowlikeorderpermitpersuaderemindreportrequestrequireselectsendstatesupposetellthinktraintrustunderstandurgewarn例句：a.Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。b.Webelievehimtobeguilty.我们相信他是有罪的。Find的特别用法：Find后可用分词

26、做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get，have。Ifoundhimlyingontheground.Ifounditimportanttolearn.IfoundthattolearnEnglishisimportant.典型例题:Thenextmorningshefoundtheman_inbed，dead.A.lyingB.lieC.layD.laying答案：A.find的宾语后边，用分词或分词短语，起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。2)to+be的不定式结构，作补语的动词。Ackn

27、owledge,believe,consider,think,declare(feelfind,guess,judge,imagine,know,prove,see(take(以为),understand声称),discover,fancy(设想),理解),show,suppose,WeconsiderTomtobeoneofthebeststudentsinourclass.我们以为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。典型例题CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinvente

28、dD.havinginvented答案：A.由considertodosth.消除B、D。.此句只说明发明这一个事实，不定式后用原形即可。而C为现在完成时，发明为点动词一般不用完成时，且此处也不重申对现在的影响，因此不选C。3)tobe+形容词Seem,appear,besaid,besupposed,bebelieved,bethought,beknown,bereported,hope,wish,desire,want,plan,expect,meanThebookisbelievedtobeuninteresting.人们以为这本书没什么意思。4)therebe+不定式believe,e

29、xpect,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,want,wish,undrstandWedidntexpecttheretobesomanypeoplethere.我们没想到会有那么多人在哪里。注意：有些动词需用as短语做补语，如regard,thinkbelieve,take,consider.WeregardTomasourbestteacher.我们以为汤姆是我们最好的老师。Marytookhimasherfather.玛丽把他看作自己的父亲。.不定式作主语1）Itseasy(forme)todothat我.做这事太简单了easy,difficult,hard,i

30、mportant,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary,better;thefirst,thenext,thelast,thebest,toomuch,toolittle,notenoughItssonicetohearyourvoice.听到你的声音真快乐。Itsnecessaryforyoutolockthecarwhenyoudonotuseit.当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。2)Itsverykindofyoutohelpus他.帮助我们，他真好。Kind,nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave,considerate(考虑周密的),silly,selfish(自私的)例句:Itwassillyofustobelievehim.我们真笨拙，竟然相信了他。Itseemedselfishofhimnottogivethemanything.他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。注意：1)其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。3)当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能够用Itisto的句型(对)