人教版高一定语 从句讲解课件 牛津必修1

1、2021/8/9 星期一1Attributive clauses2021/8/9 星期一2What is attributive?A lovely girlSomething new the boy in white 2021/8/9 星期一31. The girl _ is sitting in the chair is a good singer.2. The skirt _ Mary bought two years ago is old.3. Is this the novel _ you introduced to me?4. Where is the boy _ broke the

2、 window?5. Luckily none of the people_I know were killed in the earthquake.who/thatwhich/thatthat/whichwho/thatwho/whom2021/8/9 星期一4Attributive Clause（定语从句）概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句.被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.定语从句先行词引导词引导词关系代词 :whowhomthatwhichwhose关系副词:wherewhen

3、why2021/8/9 星期一5注意： 1 关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中都要 充当句子成分。 2 当关系代词充当动词的宾语时可省略，当关系代词充当介词的宾语且介词不在关系代词之前的，关系代词也可省略。 3 定语从句中的谓语动词要和先行词保持一致。 4 定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种。 5 非限制性定语从句中的关系词不可以省略。2021/8/9 星期一6关系词先行词所指关系词在句中作用关系代词that人/物主、宾、表which物主、宾、who人主、宾whom人宾whose人/物定as人/物/事情主、宾、表关系副词when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语2021/8/9 星

4、期一7 关系词的作用： 1、连接作用 把主句和从句连接起来 2、替代作用 在从句中代替在它前面 的先行词 3、成分作用 在从句中充当一个成分2021/8/9 星期一8例 1. The man _ gave you the talk yesterday is our teacher.that/who指人: that/who (主语)2021/8/9 星期一9例2: The boy_ the nurse is looking after is my friend.(who/whom/that)指人: who/whom/that(宾语,可省略)2021/8/9 星期一10例3: The car_ i

5、s red was damaged yesterday.that/which指物: that/which (主语)2021/8/9 星期一11例4: The question_ I dont understand is about grammar.(that/which)指物: that/which (宾语,可省略)2021/8/9 星期一12Titanic is the ship _sank after hitting an iceberg.which/that_2021/8/9 星期一13Ye Xin is a nurse died in the fight against SARS. a

6、 nurse/ die in the fight against SARSwho/that2021/8/9 星期一14 It used to be a small town. It is no longer a small town.=It is no longer the small town that it used to be.(作表语）2021/8/9 星期一15Our hometown is no longer the one (that) it used to be. = Our hometown is not the same as it used to be. = Our ho

7、metown is different from what it used to be。 = Our hometown is not what it used to be. 2021/8/9 星期一16Which woman is a teacher?The woman who lives next door is a teacher.1 The woman is a teacher.2 The woman lives next door.2021/8/9 星期一17 The boys are from Grade one. The boys are playing basketball. T

8、he boys are from Grade One.who/that are playing basketballThe boys who/that are from Grade one are playing basketball.2021/8/9 星期一182. The nurse is kind. The nurse looks after my sister. The nurse is kind.who/that looks after my sister3. We watched the play “ Teahouse”. The play was written by Lao S

9、he.We watched the play “teahouse” which/that was written by Lao She.2021/8/9 星期一194.The young man is a famous writer. You saw the young man yesterday. The young man is a famous writer. whom/who/that you saw yesterday5.This is the house. Lu Xun once lived in the house. This is the house which/that Lu

10、 Xun once lived in.2021/8/9 星期一206. Where is the girl? You talked with her last Sunday.Where is the girl who/whom/that you talked with last Sunday? 2021/8/9 星期一21关系代词的用法：一、由who, whom, whose引导的定语从句。who用作主语，whom用作宾语，whose用作定语。whose + n. = the + n.+ of + whom / which This is the man who helped me. The

11、doctor whom you are looking for is in the Room2E 2021/8/9 星期一22Mr King, whose legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital.Mr King was quickly taken to hospital.Her legs were badly hurt.HerWe shall make a decision about Ms King,whose story I have told you.We shall make a decision about Ms Kin

12、g.I have told you her story.her2021/8/9 星期一23Which house is mine?房顶是棕色的房子是我的。The house is mine.whose roof is brownMy house2021/8/9 星期一24I know the doctor.His daughter studies abroad.I know the doctor whose daughter studies abroad.Have you seen my book?The books cover is red.Have you seen my book who

13、se cover is red.2021/8/9 星期一25whose 在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与 whose 后的名词为所属关系。 whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which互换使用。指人时可用of whom.This is the book whose cover is blue.This is the book the cover of which is blue.2021/8/9 星期一26 Do you know the man whose name is Wang Yu? Do you know the man the name of whom is Wang

14、Yu ? Mary lives in the house whose roof is red. Mary lives in the house the roof of which is red.2021/8/9 星期一27Yesterday she talked with one woman _ husband died in that accident. A. which B. whose C. of which D. thatB2021/8/9 星期一28Who 特殊情况先行词是all, everyone, one, ones, anyone且做主语时用who.Anyone who bre

15、aks the law should be punished.One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.Everybody who were willing to see the film signed their names here.先行词是those时， 用who.Those who want to see the film sign up here.2021/8/9 星期一29 注意： whom, which 作介词宾语时，介词一般可放在关系代词之前，也可放在原来的位置上；但是在含有介词的动词固定词组

16、中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。 This is the person whom you are looking for.= This is the person for whom you are looking.2021/8/9 星期一301. Have you ever read the book _ _ there are many pictures?2. The man _ _ he had a talk yesterday is a doctor.3. The gentleman _ _ you just spoke is our headmaster.4. This is the n

17、ew bicycle _ _ I spent five hundred dollars.5. Here are the table tennis players, some _ _ are our old friends.The school has 2600 students, two thirds _ _ are girls.in which2021/8/9 星期一31三、由that引导的定语从句。that在从句中可以指人或物，在从句中做主语或谓语动词的宾语.但不能放在介词后面作介词的宾语。This is the school in that you will study. ( )This

18、 is the school in which you will study. ()This is the school (which/that) you will study in. ()2021/8/9 星期一32注意 在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句。 先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything 等。 All that we have to do is to practise every day. Something that we heard was of great truth. 2021/8/9

19、 星期一33 先行词被序数词、the last或形容词的最高级所修饰。 The first thing that I learned will never be forgotten. This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen. 先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰。 I have read all the books that you gave me.2021/8/9 星期一34 先行词被the only, the very 修饰。 This is the v

20、ery pen that I am looking for. He is the only person that I want to talk to. 先行词既有人又有物时。 They talked of things and persons that they remembered.2021/8/9 星期一35 当句中已有who 或which时，为避免重复。Who is the man that is talking to John? 如有两个定语从句，其中一个已经用了which，则另一个用that.Edison built a factory which produced things

21、that had never been seen.2021/8/9 星期一366. 当先行词为way时，定语从句的关系词可以有三种情况: that, in which 或不填。 I dont like the way you talked to your mother.（choose the one that is not proper for this blank） A. that B. which C. in which D. /B2021/8/9 星期一377. 在 Its time 句型中，后面的从句也可以看成是定语从句，通常有下面几种句型。 It is (high / about)

22、time that 主语 + 过去式 It is 序数词 time that 主语 + 谓语 (现在完成时) ( ) It is high time that I _to do the physics homework.A. go B. wentC. shall go D. have gone ( ) It is the first time _ he has been here.A. thatB. whenC. at whichD. whichBA2021/8/9 星期一388one of + 复数名词+who/which/that +复数谓语 the (only) one of + 复数名

23、词+ who/which/that +单数谓语She is one of the students who _ praised at the meeting yesterday. A. was B. were C. isD. areHe is the only one of the students who _a winner of scholarship for three years. A. is B. areC. have beenD. has beenBD2021/8/9 星期一39关系副词引导的定语从句：1、由where引导的定语从句。定语从句在修饰一个表示地点的名词时,常用wher

24、e引导。A book office is a place where tickets are sold.Where 在从句中做状语，相当于一个介词短语。在本句中相当于in which，所以此句可以改为：A book office is a place in which tickets are sold.因此定语从句中关系副词where= 介词 +which .2021/8/9 星期一402、定语从句在修饰一个表示时间的名词时，常用when 引导。I still remember the year when we studied together.When在从句中时间状语，其作用相当于一个“介词

25、+关系代词”I still remember the year (which/that) we studied in together.I still remember the year in which we studied together.2021/8/9 星期一41This is the house where he lives.= This is the house _he lives.= This is the house _he lives in.in which(which/that)2021/8/9 星期一423、由why引导的定语从句。关系副词why 的先行词只有reaso

26、n , 在从句中表示原因状语。Do you know the reason why I left early?Why 在从句中作原因状语，其作用相当于for which .Do you know the reason _I left early?但如果关系词在从句中不是作状语，而是作宾语时仍用that/which .The reason _ he gave us was unacceptable.for whichthat/which2021/8/9 星期一43关系代词和关系副词的选用。在定语从句中到底选用关系代词还是关系副词要看它们在从句中所充当的句子成分来决定，有时同一个先行词往往关系词却

27、不同。1.This is the factory which / that produces TV sets. This is the factory where my father once worked. (in which)2.Ill never forget the day that / which we spent together in the countryside. Ill never forget the day when his house was broken into. (on which) 2021/8/9 星期一44介词+关系词引导定语从句介词+关系代词引导的定语从

28、句多用于正式文体中，这样的关系代词主要是which, whom , whose .This is the house in which my grandfather once lived .The film of which Im speaking is to be shown next week .This is the man from whom I learn the news.2021/8/9 星期一45注意： 这类句子中的介词也可以放在从句的末尾，这时关系代词可省略。 This is the person (whom) you are going to work with .2021

29、/8/9 星期一46如何选用结构中的介词根据从句中的谓语动词的搭配on which I spent five Yuan .for which I paid five Yuan This is the book from which I learnt a lotin which there are few new words about which Tom often talks 2021/8/9 星期一47根据先行词的搭配习惯the day on which I joined the league.I still remember the days during which I lived i

30、n the country. the years in which I stayed there.2021/8/9 星期一48四、as引导的定语从句: as用作关系代词和关系副词引导限制性定语从句，并在从句中做主语、表语和状语，构成the same as, such as等结构。 I want to have such a dictionary as he has. I shall do it in the same way as you did. I like the same book as you do.2021/8/9 星期一49 as引导非限制性定语。在从句中做主语、表语或宾语，这个

31、定语从句说明整个句子，可以放在主句之前、之中和之后。 The experiment is very important, as indeed it is. As is known to all, he studies very hard. As we all know, China is a developing country.常用于这种类似插入语的句式有as is said above, as is already mentioned above, as is known to all, as it is, as is often the case, as is reported in t

32、he newspaper2021/8/9 星期一50注意：which 和 as 的区别是：which不能放在句首，而as则可以；在句中时，as有“正如”、“就像”之意，而which 没有。2021/8/9 星期一51下列每句均有一处错误，请找出并改正。 1They talked for half an hour of the things and persons who they would deal with a few days later 2Who is the man who was praised at the meeting？ 3Is this the farm where you

33、 visited the other day？ 4Is this factory which you visited last week？ 5I want to buy the same dictionary that you have _that_that_that_as2021/8/9 星期一52巩固练习：Finally the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police.Which B. whatC. whatever D. that2. He told me all _ he knew.whichB. whatC. tha

34、t D. how3. He was very rude to the Customs officer, _ of course made things even worse.who B. whomC. whatD. which2021/8/9 星期一534. Is the river _ through that town very large?which flowsB. flowsC. that flowingD. whose flows5. The most important thing_ we should pay attention to is the first thing _I

35、have said. A. which; that B. that; which C. which; which D. that; that 6. The songs _ she sang in the concert yesterday sounded _A. /, beautifullyB. that ,wonderfullyC. which , wellD./, nice2021/8/9 星期一547. The result of the experiment was very good, _we hadnt expected.A. when B. that C. whichD. wha

36、t8. You may keep any _ you find Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dwhom9. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person_ she could turn for help.to whom B. whoC. from whomD. that10. The Great Wall is the last place _Mr. smith is going to visit before he leaves Beijing.A. whereB. which C. / D. what2021/8/9 星期一551

37、1.They study in a small classroom _ floor is broken Awhose Bwhich Cwhere Dthat12. Next Sunday is the only day _ he can spare to join us Athat Bwhich Cwhen Don which13. He isnt the man _ he used to be Athat Bwhom Cwho Dwhich14. Please pass me the dictionary _ cover is black Awhich Bwhich of Cits Dwho

38、se2021/8/9 星期一5615.Through practice we can learn a lot _ can not_ from books Awhich；be learned Bthat；learn Cwhich；learn Dthat；be learned2021/8/9 星期一574Is this factory which you visited last week？This is factory which you visited last week.This factory is which you visited last week.This is the facto

39、ry which you visited last week.Is this the factory which you visited last week?This factory is the one which you visited last week.Is this factory the one which you visited last week?2021/8/9 星期一58 which引导的非限制性定语从句。 I have lost my pen, which I like very much. She was awarded a gold medal, which the whole family considered a great honor. She is always late for class, which makes the teacher angry.2021/8/9 星期一59限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句:限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和先行词关系密