专四之非谓语动词()课件

1、句 子 成 分谓语 谓语说明主语的动作、行为或所处的状态。通常由动词的各种形式来充当。并且和主语在人称和数上保持一致。句 子 成 分1.一般谓语都是由一个动词或动词短语来充当 She got here at six.2.有些谓语是由“系动词+表语”构成的 The girl felt cold. He is a teacher.句 子 成 分3.有些谓语由“情态动词+动词原形”构成 Can you speak French? We must be careful.4.如果不及物动词作谓语，则不可以直接加宾语，但可以在不及物动词后加介词再跟宾语 We depend on ourselves, no

2、t others.英语一句话只能有一个主谓结构如果出现更多动词： 加连词（and / but / so） 放入从句 变为非谓语动词 主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语 主谓宾定状补2The famous doctor give birth to a babyhelped the pregnant womanlast Friday.to过去分词 v-ed不定式 to + v动词的v-ing非谓语动词V-ing / V-ed使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on

3、 her seat.She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.See from the hill, we find the town beautiful.1. 2. When we see from the hill, we find the town beautiful. Seeing from the hill, we find the town beautiful.千万要注意V-ing形式的规则哟！1. 不能单独作谓语 2. 没有人称和数的变化 3. 有时态和语态的变化。时 态 和 语 态 语态 时态主 动被 动一般式 完

4、成式 doing being done having done having been doneV-ing 在句子中充当的成分Send e-mails is more and more popular. Its no use take this kind of medicine.The film is so moved .I couldnt help cry when I heard the bad news.I heard the girl sung in the classroom.Sendingtakingmovingcryingsinging主语表语宾语宾补mind、suggest、d

5、elay、keep on、 look forward to、enjoy、appreciate、imagine、practise、finish、succeed in、consider、cant help、miss ?+doing (V-ing 在这种结构中做宾语)5. China is a developing country. China is a country developing very fast.6. Hearing the cry for help, he rushed out. Being ill, he went home. Time permitting, I can do

6、it better.定语状语=If time permits, I can do it betterChina is a large country which develops very quickly.2. I have received your letter which says you will come to China next month.3. I want to see some films that are very interesting. China is a large country developing very quickly.I have received y

7、our letter , saying you will come to China next month.I want to see some interesting films.4. When he was walking in the street, he saw one of his old friend.5. Because he was ill, he stayed at home.6. After he finished the letter, he posted it. -(when)Walking in the street, he saw one of his old fr

8、iend.-Being ill, he stayed at home.-Having finished the letter, he posted it.注意:-ing的完成形式只表示这个动作发生在主句动作之前.V-ing 和V-ed的区别从时态和语态两个角度去区分V-ingV-ed时态语态进行 过去主动被动V-ed的用法如： a developed country / a developing country a polluted river / a sleeping baby ( 1 ) 作定语( 2 ) 作状语_ from the hill, you can get the whole

9、town._ from the hill, the whole town looks beautiful.SeeingSeen1.Mr Brown wants to buy a used car.2. Whats the language spoken in Germany. 3. The pupils will get tired if they are made to learn too much4.I made myself understood easily. 5.We found the work completely done. 6. Heated, metals will exp

10、and.= If metals are heated, metals will expand. 7. Seen through a telescope, the sun appears dark near the edge. 1._ from the hill, you can get the whole town.2._ from the hill, the whole town looks beautiful.SeeingSeen一. 主语一致性的考察常见考点类型Waiting for a bus, _. A. a brick fell on my head B. A little gir

11、l came to talk with me. C. I was hit by a brick on the head D. I was hit by a brick on my headC三. 主动与被动的考察1. 你知道他们正在讨论 的话题吗?Do you know the topic _ now? (discuss)2. 这个小男孩最后被看见在河边踢球。The missing boy was last seen _ near the river. (play)being discussedplaying四. 句子成分混淆1. There are a lot of students are

12、 planting trees on the small hill.2. He lay on the grass, and looking at the sky. planting looking3. The book belongs to Mary is lost.belongingV-ing 和V-ed 用法归纳:V-ing作主语(谓语动词用单数）,v-ed不能作主语Using computers is very common in our daily life.2.V-ing作表语与 ved 分词作表语的区别The story is interesting.The little girl

13、 is interested in the story.The news is disappointing.He was disappointed to hear the result.When the boys were watching the excitingfilm, they were very excitedThe students are all moved by the moving story.When she saw the surprising result, she gave us a surprised look.区别:v-ing作表语时表示某物具有的性质,常翻译为”

14、令人”。v-ed做表语具有被动的概念，一般表示某人对某事的感觉或者体验，解释为“感到.”。3.v-ing可作宾语，v-ed不能作宾语：We missed seeing that film when it was at the local cinema.He often imagines flying.He dreams about being a doctor掌握只能跟v-ing 作宾语的动词及短语4.v-ing 和v-ed作宾补时的区别:They kept me waiting for a long time.He watched the cars coming and going.I sa

15、w him playing card.She heard her sister singing in her room.Mr Li has Jim standing outside the door.I had my MP3 repaired last week.We heard this song sung in English.No matter how I try, I just cant make myself understood by the foreigner.V-ing用作宾补时, 和句子中的宾语构成主动关系，说明宾语一直在做或正在做某事. V-ed用作宾补时, 和句子中的宾语

16、构成被动关系，说明宾语的情况5.v-ing和v-ed作定语时的区别:a singing bird. a sleeping doga man carrying a babya student playing with knifepeople fighting against wars a swimming pool a writing deska wounded monkey a broken chair boiled watera soldier wounded by knifea road covered with snow6.v-ing和v-ed作状语时的区别:Being ill, I c

17、ant go to work.(原因)Seeing the house on fire, she called 119(时间状语)He sat on a stone, reading a book(伴随性状语)Hearing the good news, we all jumped up with joy.(时间状语)The husband died, leaving his wife three daughters.(结果状语)Seen from the top of the mountain, the village is very beautiful. (时间状语)Cooked in a

18、 special way, the fish tastesVery nice.(原因状语)Given more time, we could finish the job(条件状语)The president entered the hall, followed by his guards.(伴随性状语)不定式(to do)的用法:可作主语To lose your heart means failure.不定式做主语时，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。It is adj/n to do sthIt takes sb some time to do sthIt took me o

19、nly five minutes to finish the job.It is very difficult for him to finish the paper in such a short time. 1).如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。(一致性)To do two things at a time is to do neither 一次做两件事等于未做。 To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。（眼见为实）2)be to do 结构表将来时:He is to marry Rose.可作表语3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，id

20、ea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语对主语起补充说明作用。His wish is to buy a car in the near future. 他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆轿车。The most important thing is to take measures to prevent the pollution.最重要的事情是采取措施阻止污染What she wants to do most now is to travel abroad.可作宾语1)She refus

21、ed to come here.后面用不定式作宾语即用v+ to do结构的常用动词有:afford（负担得起）,agree（同意）,appear（似乎，显得）,expect（期望）fail（不能）,happen（碰巧）,hope（希望）,intend（想要，打算）,learn（学习）,manage（设法）,plan（计划）,pretend（假装）promise（承诺，允许）,refuse（拒绝）,want（想要）wish（希望）They begged to go with us. 他们恳求与我们同行。You neednt bother to come yourself. 不必劳驾你亲自过来。

22、2)有些动词可以要求其后的不定式前面加一个连接副（代）词，一起充当宾语。what，when，where，which，how，whether等，但不可以是why。They are considering what to do next.Could you tell me whether to go for a picnic? 你能告诉我是否会去野餐吗？My little sister is learning how to read and write. My mother showed me how to prepare meals. I wonder where to go. 我的小妹妹正在学

23、习如何阅读和书写。母亲向我演示了如何做饭。我不知道去哪儿。3)还可用it代替不定式作形式宾语Find it +adj +to do sthI found it impossible to answer all the questions within the time given.我发现在规定的时间内答完所有的问题是不可能的。Some who were famous in their own times would find it difficult to achieve success today.一些过去著名的人物在今天也许就难以成功。不定式可作宾语补足语:My teacher asked

24、 me to go there on time.We often hear her sing the song at home.动词不定式作宾语不足语时to要省略的动词有:1.感官动词 see, hear, notice, watch, observe, feel, listen to等 ;2. 使役动词 have , make , let1)不定式修饰的名词前有only，last，next，not a，序数词(first,second,.)或形容词最高级形容时，不定式作后置定语,与其所修饰的名词通常逻辑上是主谓关系。He was the last one to leave school ye

25、sterday. 昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。Charles Lindbergh is the first man to fly the Atlantic alone. 查理林德伯格是第一个独自飞跃大西洋的人。不定式可作定语:2)不定式与所修饰的名词逻辑上构成动宾关系时，该不定式后面不能再带宾语，如果不定式为不及物动词，则需保留介词。She has a lot of work to do in the morning. 早上他有很多工作要做。I need a pen to write with. 我需要一支笔写字。（介词with不能省略）3)不定式做定语时一般修饰将要去做的事。I worked

26、 so late in the office last night that I hardly had time to catch the last bus. 我几乎没有时间去赶上末班车。Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing? 你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗？The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.1)不定式可以用来做目的状语，相当于用in order to，so as to引导的目的状语。Tim sat near the fire to get warm.

27、 “为何召开这次特别会议？”“为了选举新的官员。”蒂姆为了取暖坐在火炉旁边。“To elect the new officers (officials).”“Why was the special meeting called?”不定式可作状语:2)不定式可以用来做结果状语，常用enough to，sufficient to，only to，never to，so + 形容词/副词 + as to引导。Would you be so kind as to step this way, please? 请您从这边走好吗？我要开门，却发现门被里面锁住了。I tried the door, only

28、 to find it locked inside.He is brave enough to go out alone at night3)不定式可作原因状语,常放在表示心理感觉的形容词后I am happy to see you.She was sad to hear the bad news.4)不定式做状语时，其逻辑主语一般为句子的主语。In order to be a good scientist, one must understand mathematics. 要成为一个出色的科学家，必须懂数学。To learn English well, he needs a dictiona

29、ry. _ is not a serious disadvantage in life. ( 2001, 51)A. To be not tallB. Not to be tallC. Being not tallD. Not being tallD【详解】非谓语动词在句中作了主语。非谓语动词的否定式，要直接在非谓语动词前加not，因此可以直接排除A和C。动名词和不定式都可以作句子主语，但动名词表示一贯性动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。个子不高是一贯的事实，应用动名词形式，所以D正确。there be 非谓语动词的用法(1)做宾语时取决于谓语动词的接续要求。如：The students ex

30、pected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams. (expect要求接不定式做宾语)(2)做除for外的介词宾语，用there being。如：He would always ignore the fact of there being such a contradiction in his inner thought.Ann never dreams of _ for her to be sent abroad very soon.A. there being a chance B. there to be a

31、 chanceC. there be a chance D. being a chance介词后用动名词，表示存在时必须用there be句型，所以答案为A，这也是动名词复合结构，there为动名词的逻辑主语。I dont mind _ the decision as long as it is not too late. A. you to delay making B. your delaying makingC. you delaying to make D. you delay to make Mind要求接动名词,动名词的逻辑主语用形容词性物主代词，答案自然是B。真题举例Whats

32、the chance of _ a general election this year? (05, 61)A. there being B. there to beC. there be D. there going to beA真题举例1.Agriculture is the countrys chief source of wealth, wheat _ by far the biggest cereal crop. (03, 51)A. is B. been C. be D. beingD2. Time _, the celebration will be held as schedu

33、led.（03, 58）A. permit B. permitting C. permitted D. permitsB3. There _ nothing for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.(00, 55)A. to be B. to have beenC. being D. beC真题举例1. _, he can now only watch it on TV at home.(98, 45）A. Obtaining not a ticket for the matchB. Not obtaini

34、ng a ticket for the matchC. Not having obtained a ticket for the matchD. Not obtained a ticket for the matchC2. _ is not a serious disadvantage in life.(01, 61 )A. To be not tall B. Not to be tallC. Being not tall D. Not being tallD真题举例The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into t

35、he neighboring country, _ by the police each time.(99, 42)A. had been captured B. being always capturedC. only to be capturedD. unfortunately capturedC(5)不定式做结果状语只能出现在句子的末尾，表示不愉快的结果，有时用only加强语气。常见的不定式动词有find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce等。如：Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartmen

36、t and tried the door, only to find it locked.真题举例Professor Johnson is said _ some significant advance in his research in the past year.(99, 43)A. having made B. makingC. to have made D. to makeC4. 不定式做主语补足语：掌握常用不定式做主语补足语的句型。注意不定式表示的动作发生的时间，并采用相应形式。如：be said / reported / thought / believed / known /

37、supposed + to do sth.3. AIDS is said the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few years in that region. ( 02, 56)A. being B. to be C. to have been D. having beenC真题举例It is not uncommon for there problems of communication between the old and the young. (07, 63)A. being B. would be C.

38、 be D. to beD 【详解】there be句型在介词for后使用时，用there to be这一结构；在介词of后面使用时，用there being这一结构。故选择D。 非谓语动词的体非谓语动词中分词的体有完成体和进行体，即having done， having been done和being done，完成体只用于做状语的场合，而进行体可以用于做定语和做补足语。动名词的体也有having done， having been done和 being done的结构主要用于做主语和宾语的场合。不定式的体有to be doing 和to have done。 The man in the corner confessed to _ a