高考核心单词、短语专项练习(A)

1、高考英语| 高考核心单词、短语专项练习（A）A absorb v. to take in liquid, gas, heat, etc. 吸收（液体、气体、热等）； to take something into the mind and learn or understand it理解，掌握；tointerest someone very much so that they pay no attention to anything else吸引全 部 注 意 力 ， 使 全 神 贯 注 ； to make something smaller become part of something l

2、arger 使并入，吞并【常用搭配】be absorbed into 并入【拓展】absorbed adj. 被吸引住的，全神贯注的absorbing adj. 十分吸引人的，引人入胜的【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。I don t want to get too absorbed in modeling. （2017 全 国 卷III）Whencondors（ 秃 鹫） eat deadbodies of other animalscontaining lead,they absorb large quantities of lead. （北京 2016 ） Whilewatching

3、 TV,children donot merely absorb wordsand images （影像 ）. （广东 2015 ）Key: 1. 被吸引住的2. 吸收 3. 理解 adjust v. to gradually become familiar with a new situation适应，习惯； to change or move something slightly to improve it or make it more suitable fora particular purpose 调整， 调节； to arrange your clothing to make yo

4、urself looktidy 整理【常用搭配】adjust to （doing） sth.习惯（做）某事adjust oneself to sth.使某人自己适应某事adjust . to . 根据调节【拓展】adjustable adj. 可调整的，可调节的adjustment n. 适应；调节【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。During those six months of hospitalizations, Becky, 12 at the time, adjustedto other adults being in the house when she returned fr

5、om school. （ 浙 江2015 ） Some schools will have to make adjustments in agreement with the national soccer reform.（江苏 2015 ）Obviously, students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule. （四川 2014 ） Key: 1. 习惯2. 调整3. 根据调节 admit v. to agree that something is true, especially un

6、willingly承认；to allow someone / something to enter a place 准 许 进 入 ； to allow someone to become a member of a club, an organization, or a school准许加入（俱乐部、组织），接收入学；to allow someone to enter a hospital becausethey need medical care 接收入院，收治【常用搭配】admit （to） doing sth. 承认做过某事admit . to / into . 准许加入admit （

7、that） . 承认【拓展】admit of 容许，有可能admission n. 允许进入；入场费；承认admittedly adv. （尤用于句首）诚然，无可否认【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。She asked me whether I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn （天津 t. 2017 ） English is a dynamic language that admits new words and recognizes changes in meaning, spelling

8、, and usage of familiar words.（湖南 2015 ）Admittedly, those mighty forces are spiritual ones. （ 天 津2015 ） Now there s talk about how to solve these problems, like raising hotel taxes, or even charging admission to some public squares. （ 陕 西 2014 ） Last admission isat5:00 pm, one hour before closing. （

9、北 京2014 ） It was so popularthatit survivedlong after women were admitted as fullstudents to St Andrews in 1892. （湖北 2012 ）Key: 1. 承认Key: 1. 承认准许进入无可否认4. 入场费5. 允许进入6. 接收入学 afford v. to have enough money or time to be able to buy or to do sth.买得起，（有时间）能做；if you cannot afford to do something, you must

10、not doit because it could cause serious problems for you 承担得起 （后果）； to providesomeone with something 提供，给予【常用搭配】afford to do sth. 有（时间、经济等）条件做某事afford sb. sth. 给予某人某物【拓展】affordable adj. 负担得起的【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。It was also much more than we could afford, but far less than the original asking price. （

11、天津 2015 ）TV Ears has helped thousands of people with various degrees of hearing losshear the television clearly without turning up the volume （ 音量 ） and now it s better and more affordablethan ever! （北京 2015 ） The diving spots afforded such a wide array of fish and sea creatures that Larry saw more

12、than thirty varieties of creatures. （ 江 西 2014 ） Key: 1. 买得起2. 负担得起的3. 提供 allow v. to let someone do something, or let something happen允许，准许； to let someone have something 给予； to let someone / something go into, through, out of, etc. a place 允许（进入、通过、走出）；to make it possible forsomething to happen or

13、 for someone to do something, especially something helpful or useful 使可能【常用搭配】allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事【拓展】allow for 考虑到，估计到，把计算在内allow of 容许，使有可能【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。But during the past decade declining rainfall has allowed him to plant highly profitable crops. （江苏 2017 ） Many airlines now allow p

14、assengers to print their boarding passes online tosave their valuable time. （北京 2017 ）3. Itemsthat are not allowed instudentrooms include:candles,ceilingfans,fireworks,waterbeds,sunlampsand wirelessrouters.(天津2015 ） Key: 1. 使可能2. 允许3. 允许 appear v. to give the impression of being or doing something看来

15、，似乎； to start to be seen 出现，显现；to begin to exist 起源，出现；to bepublished or broadcast 刊登，广播；to take part in a film, play, televisionprogramme, etc. 演出【常用搭配】appear to be sth. 似乎是It appears （that） . 看来【拓展】disappear v. 消失，不见appearance n. 外貌，外观；出现，起源；演出；（尤指突然的）到来；出版，广 播【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。And the appearance

16、 of new-born giants suggests that newcomers can makewaves, too. （江苏 2017 ） these instincts （ 本能 ） appear at a very young age before most parents havestarted to train their children to behave socially. （ 江 苏 2016 ） she must be one of those one-hit wonders that spring up from time to time,only todisap

17、pear again without signs. （江苏 2016 ） Its difficulties appear so great that, however hard we work, we fail again andagain. （天津 2016 ）The Shard has completely changed the appearance of London.（湖北 2014 ）Key: 1. 出现2. 显现3. 消失4. 看来5. 外观 apply v. to make a formal request, usually written, for something申请；

18、to use something in a particular situation, activity, or process应用，运用；to affect or concern a particular person, group, or situation适用，有效；to putor spread something such as paint, liquid, or medicine onto a surface敷，涂，贴【常用搭配】apply （to .） for .（向）申请apply to 适用于apply . to . 把应用到/涂抹到上apply oneself to 专心从

19、事，埋头于【拓展】applicant n. 申请人application n. 申请；应用【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。A Toronto man is offering a free round-the-world air ticket to the right woman.But restrictions apply. You must be named Elizabeth Gallagher and have a Canadian passport. （ 2017 全国卷 III ）Taylor will apply to college soon. She wants to b

20、e a nurse. （北京 2017 ）Later I decided to apply my previous experience to learning how to read andwrite. （天津 2016 ） A year ago, when I was awaiting to hear the results of my college applications, I often went to websites for some type of insider look on what college would be like. （浙江 2016 ） The gap-y

21、ear phenomenon originated （起源 ） with the months left over to Oxbridgeapplicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year. （ 2015 全国卷 II ）These health benefits apply to the workplace as well. （ 浙 江 2014 ） Key: 1. 适用 2. 申请 3. 应用，运用申请 5. 申请人6. 适用于 attack n. an act of u

22、sing violence to try to hurt a person or damage aplace 攻击；strong criticism of someone or something in speech or in writing抨击；a sudden, short period of illness, usually severe, especially an illnessthat you have often （疾病的）发作v. to use violence to try to hurt a person or damage a place 攻击；tocriticize

23、someone or something severely 抨击；to have a harmful effect onsomething 侵 袭 ， 损 害 ； to deal with something with a lot of energy and determination 全力对付【常用搭配】be / come under attack 受到攻击attack sb. with sth. 用某物袭击某人attack sb. for （doing） sth.因为（做）某事而抨击某人【拓展】attacker n. 攻击者，袭击者【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。the animal

24、 . was by his side again. Then it attackedthe back of Mac s bike,tearing open his tent bag. （浙江 2017 ）When a leafy plant is under attack , it doesn t sit quietly. （ 2017 全国卷II）They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. （ 2017 全国卷 II ） In fa

25、ct, women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks. （四川 2016 ） Key: 1. 攻击2. 受到攻击3. 攻击者4. 发作 average adj. calculated by adding a group of numbers together anddividing the total by the amount of numbers 平均的；typical or normal 典型的，正常的，普通的；neither very good nor very bad 平常

26、的，一般的n. the amount calculated by adding together several quantities, and then dividing this amount by the total number of quantities平均数；the usual levelor amount for most people or things 平均水平，一般水准v. to be equal to a particular amount as an average 平均为；to calculatethe average of figures 计算出的平均数【常用搭配】

27、on （the / an） average 平均起来，一般说来above / below average 高于/低于平均水平average （.） out at平均数为，计算出的平均数为【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。Freddy was an average student, but not an average person. （ 2017 全国卷In 1900, people died at the average age of 30. （ 江 苏2017 ）The common cold is a good example: women, on average, get fewe

28、r colds than men. （四川 2016 ）Men lose an average of 3-4 cm in height as they age, while women may lose5 cm or more. （浙江 2013 ）The caf now averages 65 to 70 customers （and eight volunteers） a day.（辽宁 2012 ） Key:1. 平常的，一般的2. 平均的一般说来，女性比男性得感冒少平均水平5. 平均为add 短语 add in to include something with something e

29、lse 加进去 add to to make a feeling or quality stronger and more noticeable增加，加强 add up to calculate the total of several numbers 把加起来；if a set offacts does not add up, you do not believe it is correct because it does not match other information you have already 合乎情理；to gradually increase 积少成多 add up t

30、o to become a particular amount 合计达；to combine to producea particular result or effect 总括起来意味着【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。Once the vegetables start to cook add in a couple of tablespoons of water. Perhaps you think you could easily add to your happiness with more money. （福建 2014 ） They arrested her because h

31、er statements did not add up. Remember: little steps add up to big dreams. （天津 2011 ） Key: 1. 加入几汤匙水2. 提升你的幸福感合乎情理4. 总括起来意味着大梦想advantage 短语 take advantage of to make use of something well or to make use ofan opportunity 利用（机会等）；to make use of someone / something ina way that is unfair or dishonest欺骗

32、，占的便宜 to sb. s advantage making someone more likely to succeed对某人有利【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。I m going to take advantage of this tour to explore the history of thecastle. （天津 2016 ） It might be to your advantage to take a computer course of somekind. Key: 1. 利用这次旅行2. 上某种计算机课程对你有利all 短语 all along from the v

33、ery beginning 一直，始终 all the better used to say that a particular action or situation would be evenmore successful 更好 all over everywhere 到处，遍及；what you would expect of the personmentioned 十分像，十足；completely finished 全部结束 all over again again from the beginning 重新 be all about sth. used to say what th

34、e most important aspect of somethingis 最重要的是，主要的是 above all more than everything else 首先，最重要的是 after all despite earlier problems or doubts 毕竟， 终归； used when you are explaining something, or giving a reason （解释或说明理由）别忘了，到底 in all with everything added together to make a total总共，总计 all in all when ev

35、erything is considered 从各方面考虑，总的说来【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。They were imparting （传授 ） what Papa had known all along the value of continual learning. （福建 2015 ） It ll be so nice to see Ruth again, and if she can bring the children along, all the better. In the coming months, we are bringing together artists

36、 from all over the globe, to enjoy speaking Shakespeare s plays in their own language .（ 2017 全国卷Demand for Silver Eagles in 2011 broke records. Experts predict that 2012Silver Eagles may break them all over again. （福建 2013 ） Dad sat me down and said, “ Alice, I know it hsa rd, but it asl l about pe

37、rsistence （ 坚持不懈）. ” （天津 2017 ） Nobody is quite sure, but poor diet and above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it. （江苏 2017 ） A scientist working at her lab bench and a six-month-old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common. After all, the scientist is engaged in s

38、erious research . and the baby is, well, just playing . （ 浙 江 2016 ） The ship . was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew ofseamen and scientists, 27 men in all , to the southernmost shore of Antarctica sWeddell Sea. （ 2016 全国卷 II ） All in all it had been a great success.Key:他们在传授我

39、父亲始终所知道的如果她能带着孩子们，那就更好了遍及全球重新打破它们最重要的是坚持不懈最重要的是长期酗酒别忘了总共 27 人总的说来，它是个巨大的成功as 短语 as a matter of fact used to add emphasis to what you are saying, or to show that it is the opposite of or different from what went before事实上 as a result （of sth.） because of something that has happened （由于的） 结果 as far as

40、 to a place or point, but not beyond it 远到；to the extent ordegree that （表示程度、范围）就，尽 as far as . be concerned used to give facts or an opinion about a particular aspect of something 就而言 as for used for introducing a subject that is related to what you have just been talking about 至于 as long as during the time that 达之久； since 既然； on the conditionthat 只要，在的时候 as soon as at the same time or a very short time after 一就 as well in addition 也，又，还 as well as and in