高考英语定语从句及高考考点分析 完整版课件PPT

1、高考第一轮复习专题定语从句(Attributive clause)定语从句分类定语从句The Restrictive Attributive Clause限制性定语从句The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定语从句一.限制性定语从句的构成The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.I visited the school where I studied.The day came at last when I went to college.关系代词 关系副词1.从句的位置:2.从句的翻译:3.从句的构

2、成：先行词之后“.的”关系词注意事项一）.关系代词和先行词的关系A plane is a machine that can fly. The boy who broke the window is called Tom.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.the machine = thatthe boy =whothe boys =whose关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格指人指物主语宾语that whichwhowhomwhose关系代词的用法 做宾语时可以省略定

3、语何时可以省略？关系代词的用法练习 1.The eggs were not fresh. I bought them yesterday. 2.The friend was not hungry. He came to supper last night. 3.He prefers the cheese. It comes from his parents farm. The eggs (that/which) I bought them were not fresh. The friend who/ that he came to supper last night was not hung

4、ry. He prefers the cheese that / which it comes from his parents farm.难用的 whose The house is mine. The window of the house is broken.Join the following pair of sentences.The house whose window is broken is mine. whose=the houses window The house is mine.the window of which is brokenof which the wind

5、ow is broken二）、关系副词和先行词的关系 I still remember the day when I came here. This is the house where I lived last year. There are many reasons why people like traveling. on the day =whenin the house= wherefor the reasons =why小注：关系副词=介词先行词?关系副词引导的定语从句1. when指时间，在从句中做时间状语 I still remember the day when/on whi

6、ch I first came to the school.2. where指地点，在从句中做地点状语 Shanghai is the city where/in which I was born.3. why指原因，在从句中做原因状语 Please tell me the reason why/for which you missed the plane. 关系副词= “介词+关系代词”介词+关系代词的情况 The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toinAre

7、these two sentences right?注意介词的位置变化！介词+关系代词的情况 The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toinAre these two sentences right?注意介词的位置变化！介词+关系代词的情况 The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toinAre these two sentences

8、right?注意介词的位置变化！介词+关系代词的情况 The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toin Are these two sentences right?可见：who、that 不能用于介词之后！介词+关系代词的情况 4 Is this the watch that you are looking for? The old man whom I am looking after is better .下面两句中的介词能提前吗?在固定短语中介词不能提前！1.

9、 Do you like the book she spent $10? 2. Do you like the book she paid $10?3. Do you like the book she learned a lot? 4. Do you like the book she often talks? 5. He built a telescope he could study the skies.6. There is a tall tree outside, stands our teacher.7. China has a lot of rivers, the second

10、longest _ is the Yellow River. on whichfor whichfrom whichabout whichthrough whichunder whichof which介词+关系代词的情况 练习注意：如何判断介词1、看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配2、看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配3、根据介词与先行词搭配eg.He gave me some reference books _ which I am not very familiar.with二.非限制性定语从句3、The town where I live is beautiful.4、Kenli, where

11、I live, is beautiful.1、Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.2、Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.形式作用能否省略关系词限制性定语从句修饰限定 不能可用THAT非限制性定语从句插入成分补充解释 能不可用THATPlease compare:非限制性定语从句和单句的比较1.He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry.2.He failed in the exam, _made his par

12、ents angry.3.He has two sons. Both of _ are teachers. 4.He has two sons, both of _ are teachers.Thiswhichwhomthem that Who/that?as 引导的非限制性定语从句The earth is round,_ is known to all._ is known to all, the earth is roundwhich/ as Asas 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：as you know/ as you see/as we planned/as we ex

13、pected定语从句在句首时只能用as,as 和which一样可以代表前面的整个句子as 引导的限制性定语从句 (1)This is the same pen as I lost.This is the same pen that I lost.Please compare:这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书就是我丢的那本。as 引导的限制性定语从句 (2)This is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.This is such an interesting b

14、ook _we all like it.This is so interesting a book _we all like it.asthatPlease complete the following sentences and compare:asthat这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句)这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句)一、看先行词二、看先行词在从句中所充当的成分三.关系词的选择（重点）1.The man _came to our school is Mr. Wang. ( )2.The girl _I met is Lucy. ( )3.A child _ _pa

15、rents are dead is called Tom. ( )4.I like the book _ you bought yesterday. ( )主语who宾语(that/who/whom)定语whose宾语(that/which)5. I like the person _ you just talked. ( ) 6. We shall never forget the days _we spent together. ( )7. We shall never forget the days _we lived together. ( ) 介宾to whom宾语(that/whi

16、ch)状语when三.关系词的选择（练习）四.难点分析一）区分定语从句和同位语从句1定语从句和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句补充说明先行词的具体内容.2定语从句的关系词在句中充当成分，有时可省；同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中不做成分；也可由when, where, how, why, whether, what等词引导，充当成分3. 同位语从句和先行词一般可用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可区分定语从句和同位语从句(1) The news (that)he told me is true.(2) The news that he has just died is true.(3

17、)The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.(4)The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.定语同位语定语同位语二）区分where引导的定语从句和状语从句Where前面有被修饰的地点名词时，是定语从句，否则是状语从句。1.When you read books ,you had better make a mark at the spot where you have any questions.2.Wh

18、en you read books , you had better make a mark where you have any questions.五.定语从句高考考点分析（一）关系代词在从句中做主语时，谓 语的单复数由先行词决定 eg.1. The man who_ (live) downstairs speaks English fluently. 2.The students who _(be) in Grade 3 are going to climb the hill tomorrow. 3.He is one of the students who_ (have) finish

19、ed the homework. 4. He is the only one of the students Who_ (have)finished the homework.livesare havehas 1.当先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰时,如: all ,few, little, much, every, something, anything, everything, 等（二）只能用that 做关系代词的情况2.当先行词被the only, the very, the same, little, few, no, any等修饰时 3.当人和物合做先行词时 4.当先行词被序数词或形

20、容词最高级修饰时 5.在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中1.He did all / everything _he could to help me.2.This is the very thing _ I am after.3.We talked about the men and the things _ we remembered at school.4.He is the only man _ can do the work.5.This is the first thing _ I want to say.6.He is the finest man _ I have ever worked with.7.Who is the man _ spoke to you at the gate.8.Which is the star _ is nearest to the earth.that , which or who?thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat 在非限制性定语从句中（三）只用which 不用that的情况 在介词后面先行词是整个分句e.g. 1. She heard