高中英语选择性必修一 2021 unit 4 教学·知识细解码

1、 interact vi.相互作用, 相互影响interaction n交流；相互影响2compare vt.比较；对照comparison n比较；对比3rely vi.依赖；依靠reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的4anger n愤怒；怒气 vt.使生气；激怒angry adj.生气的；恼火的5vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变various adj.不同的；各种各样的variety n变化；品种；种类6approve vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过approval n赞成；认可disapprove v不赞成7differ vi.相异；不同于different adj.不同的

2、；与众不同的difference n差异；区别differently adv.不同地1contrast n差异；对照物 vi.& vt.形成对照；形成对比Todays work is quite a contrast to what you did yesterday.n.对照物He contrasted the two different economic systems in his speech.vt. 对照；对比This white peak contrasts finely with the blue sky.vi.形成对照；形成对比2witness vt.当场看到；目击；见证 n.

3、 目击者；证人She was a witness of the incident.n.目击者；证人No one could witness that he was present.vt.见证A carpenter was giving evidence about an accident he had witnessed.vt.当场看到；目击3favour vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于 n帮助；恩惠；赞同I hate asking favours of people.n.帮助；恩惠The teacher favours serious students.vt.较喜欢Hot climate and

4、 plentiful rainfall favour the growth of plants.vt.有利于4anger n怒气；愤怒 vt.使生气；激怒His impolite words angered his teacher.vt.使生气；激怒Though he felt his anger mounting, he kept perfect control of himself.n.怒气；愤怒Words And Phraseseq avs4al(知识要点1)vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变(教材P38)Just like spoken language, body languag

5、e varies from culture to culture.就像口语一样，身体语言也因文化而异。例1The temperature varies from time to time.温度常常变化。例2The sword hardly varied in form from the 12th to the 15th century.剑的样式从12 世纪到15 世纪几乎没有什么改变。翻译在不同的国家情况稍有不同。The situation varies slightly from country to country知识拓展(1)vary in sth.在某方面不同vary with sth

6、. 随而变化vary between.and. 由到情况不等(2)variety n. 变化；种类；多样性a variety ofvarieties of 许多的；各种各样的(3)various adj. 各种各样的即学即练单句语法填空/一句多译The students work varies considerably in quality.Prices vary with the type of the room you require.Opinions on this matter vary greatly from person to person.由于各种原因，我不愿见他。For va

7、rious reasons, Id prefer not to meet him.For a variety of reasons, Id prefer not to meet him.For varieties of reasons, Id prefer not to meet him.eq avs4al(知识要点2)approve vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过(教材P38) In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of.相比而言，在其他国家，眼神交流并不总是被接受的。例1The minis

8、ter approved the building plan.部长批准了该建筑计划。例2Her father will never approve of her marriage to you.他父亲永远不会同意她和你结婚。翻译我非常赞成这些新的测试。I very much approve of these new tests知识拓展(1)approve of赞成；同意approve of sb./sb.s (doing) sth. 同意某人(做)某事(2)approval n. 赞成；同意；批准；认可give ones approval to 批准某人即学即练单句语法填空She doesnt

9、 approve of our decision.I approve of your trying (try) to earn some money, but please dont neglect your studies.Hope the arrangements meet with your approval (approve)小片段填空I dont need approval all the time.If someone does not approve of me, I will still be okay.我不总是需要别人的认同，如果有人不认同我，我还是会觉得没事。eq avs4

10、al(知识要点3)witness vt.当场看到；目击；见证 n目击者；证人(教材P38)In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money.在日本，看到别人做这个手势的人可能会认为这是钱的意思。例1A witness was examined by him in a court of law.他在法庭上质问一个证人。例2He gave witness on behalf of an accused person.他为被告作证。翻译这些事实证明了他的粗心。

11、These facts are a witness to his carelessness知识拓展(1)witness sth.目击了某事witness to (doing) sth. 证实，证明(做)某事witness for 为作证(2)be a witness to sth. 是某事的证据/证人bear/give witness to 做的证人；为作证即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子He made a very poor witness for himself.His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment.司机作证

12、说，他看到此人进入那栋大楼。The driver witnessed to having seen the man enter the building.小片段填空The witness who witnessed the incident gave witness to the police and promised to be a witness这个目击了这起事故的目击者向警察提交了证据并且答应作证人。图形助记eq avs4al(知识要点4)differ vi.不同于；相异(教材P38)Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ a

13、round the world.甚至我们用作“是”和“不”的手势也因地而异。例1Japanese differs greatly from French in pronunciation.日语发音和法语大不相同。例2Conditions of employment differ according to the type of company you are working for.雇佣条件因供职公司的不同而有差异。翻译这些模型的大小和形状都不一样。The models differ in size and shape.知识拓展(1)differ from.与不同/有区别differ in.

14、在方面不同differ with sb.on/about/over sth. 与某人在某事上持不同(看法)(2)different adj. 不同的be different from. 与不同(3)difference n. 不同，差别make a difference (to.) (对)有作用或影响即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Worried about my health, I tried many different(differ) kinds of diets but nothing worked.Therere many differences(differ) between Bri

15、tish English and American English.在日常生活中，每个人都会时不时地失败，但你如何做出反应却有很大影响。In our daily life, everyone fails every now and then.But it is how you react that makes a big difference很显然，这对双胞胎在性格方面不一样。Apparently, the twins differ from each other in character小片段填空Learners with different cultural backgrounds dif

16、fer a lot in their thinking patterns and learning styles.The difference can be investigated and explained.不同文化背景的学习者在思维模式和学习风格上有很大的不同。这种差异可以被研究和解释。eq avs4al(知识要点5)favour vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于 n帮助；恩惠；赞同(教材P38)Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet so

17、meone else.在其他地方，人们见面时更喜欢握手、鞠躬或点头。例1A mother shouldnt show too much favour to one of her children.母亲不应该对一个孩子表现出过多的宠爱。例2I must decline to show favour to any of the candidates.我必须拒绝偏袒任何一位候选人。翻译这风便于他们在黎明时航行。The wind favoured their sailing at dawn.知识拓展do sb.a favourdo a favour for sb.帮某人的忙in favour of.

18、支持ask sb.for a favourask a favour of sb. 请求某人帮忙in ones favour 对某人有利即学即练单句语法填空/一句多译Most of them were in favour of my opinion while David was against it.The exchange rate is in our favour for the time being.今天你能帮我个忙去学校接山姆吗？Could you do me a favour and pick up Sam from school today? Could you do a favo

19、ur for me and pick up Sam from school today?我想请你帮忙，你能把你的电话借给我吗？I want to ask a favour of you; will you lend me your cellphone?I want to ask you for a favour；will you lend me your cellphone? 图形助记eq avs4al(知识要点6)break down消除；分解；打破(教材P39) A smile can break down barriers.微笑可以打破障碍。例1Our car broke down an

20、d we had to draw it to a garage. 我们的车坏了, 不得不把它拖到修车厂去。例2By then the gate was being broken down.那时候大门快要被砸开了。翻译为了很快地进入着火的房子, 消防队员拆了那面墙。The firemen broke down the wall in order to gain quick access to the building on fire.知识拓展break away from脱离；摆脱；挣脱；打破陈规break in 闯入；强行进入break out 突然发生；爆发(不用于被动语态)break up

21、 打碎；分裂；解体；解散即学即练完成句子他的车在路上出故障了，那就是他开会迟到的原因。His car broke down on the way, and that was why he was late for the meeting.这个女孩挣脱她妈妈，跑了。The girl broke away from her mother and ran away.这个乐队大约在1970年解散，但是令人高兴的是，到了20世纪80年代中期他们再次相聚。The band broke up about 1970, but happily they reunited in the mid1980s.在这一地

22、区总有意想不到的事情发生。Something unexpected always breaks out in this area.eq avs4al(知识要点7)reliable adj.可信赖的；可靠的(教材P39) Which is a more reliable guide for understanding someones feelings: their body language or the words they speak?哪一种方式更能帮助我们理解别人的感受：是肢体语言还是他们说的语言？例1It has a highly reliable control system. 它具

23、备一套极可靠的控制系统。例2Hes a good musician and totally reliable.他是个出色的音乐家，而且非常可靠。翻译那个年轻人诚实，且有合作精神，当你需要他帮忙的时候，他总是在那儿。简言之，他很可靠。The young man is honest, cooperative, and is always there when you need his help.In short, hes reliable知识拓展(1)a reliable friend可靠的朋友be reliable as 作为是可靠的(2)rely v. 信任；信赖；依赖；依靠rely on/u

24、pon 依靠；依赖rely on it that. 相信即学即练单句语法填空This statement is not reliable as evidence.It would be better to rely on ourselves than on others.You may rely on it that he will help you.小片段填空The land, the essential means of production, is the most reliable living security that the peasants can rely on土地作为基本的

25、生产资料，是农民可以依赖的最可靠的生活保障。Sentence Patternseq avs4al(重点句式1)不定式短语作后置定语(教材P38)For example, making eye contactlooking into someones eyesin some countries is a way to display interest.例如，在一些国家，进行眼神交流直视某人的眼睛是表现出兴趣的一种方式。句式分析：不定式短语to display interest作后置定语，修饰a way。例1The meetings were a way to get acquainted wit

26、h each other.这些会议是一种相互结交的途径。例2The best way to deal with a tease is to ignore him.对付爱捉弄人的人的最佳方法就是不搭理他。翻译多锻炼是保持健康的好方法。Its a good way to keep fit with more exercise.知识拓展(1)在the first, the second, the last, the next, the only等词和形容词最高级后或在被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。(2)在time, way, chance, ability, promise等抽象名词

27、后，常用不定式作定语。即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子The chance to go (go) for a picnic has been ruined.He is the only man to know (know) the truth.最好的旅行方式是坐高铁。The best way to travel is to take a highspeed train.他总是第一个来，最后一个走。He is always the first to come and the last to leaveeq avs4al(重点句式2)when doing.(教材P38)In Japan, it ma

28、y demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person.在日本，当你和年长的人说话时，低头可能是对长辈的尊重。句式分析：句中when talking to an older person是一个省略句，补全后为：when you are talking to an older person。例1When seeing the naughty child, the teacher sympathized to his mother.当看到那个淘气的孩子时, 老师对他的母亲表示很同情。例2I kept a diary ev

29、ery day while (I was) travelling.在那次旅行期间，我每天都写日记。翻译他看到两只老鼠，几乎给吓丢了魂。He nearly jumped out of his skin when seeing two rats知识拓展当when，while，before，after，unless，as if，if等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。即学即练单句语法填空/一句多译He wont come unless invited(invite)While playing (play) with hi

30、s children outdoors, the father felt very happy.If you are accepted for the job, youll be informed soon.If accepted for the job, youll be informed soon.如果你被录用干这份工作的话，你会很快被通知到的。eq avs4al(重点句式3)比较级的否定形式表示最高级含义(教材P39)And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling

31、face of a good friend.如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。句式分析：句中nothing better than是比较级的否定形式表示最高级的含义。例1Personally, she would like nothing better than to accept this invitation.就她个人来说，她巴不得接受这次邀请。例2Peter likes nothing better than going to the coast and messing about in his boat.彼得最喜欢去海边，毫无目的地让船在海中漂荡。翻译在夏季炎

32、热的下午，我想不出什么东西比一杯冰凉可口的啤酒更好。I can think of nothing better than a nice cold beer on a hot summer afternoon.知识拓展最高级意义的多种表达法：(1)否定词形容词/副词比较级(than)(2)否定词so/as 形容词/副词原级as(3)比较级 thaneq blc(avs4alco1(all the other名词复数,the other名词复数,any other名词单数,any of the other名词复数,anything/anyone else)即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子I have

33、 never spent a more worrying(worrying) day.Tom is more intelligent(intelligent) than any other student/all the other students in his class.再没有别的书对我的生活有更大的影响了。No other book has had a greater effect on my life.多么好的一本小说啊！我从未读过比这更感人的了。What a wonderful novel! I have never read a more moving one李洋在班里学习最努力

34、。Li Yang studies harder than anyone else in his class1The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in.分析本句为复合句。动词ing形式using body language 作表语，that is appropriate to the culture you are in 为that引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a way；其中you are in是省略了that的又一个定语从句，修饰先行词the

35、 culture。译文最重要的是要以一种适合你所在文化的方式使用肢体语言。2There are also differences in how we touch each other, how close we stand to someone we are talking to, and how we act when we meet or part.分析本句为复合句。连词and连接三个how引导的宾语从句，其中we are talking to是省略了关系代词whom的定语从句，修饰先行词someone，when we meet or part为时间状语从句。译文我们彼此接触的方式、我们与

36、谈话对象的距离以及我们见面或分手时的行为也存在差异。 教材高考Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture.(2019北京卷)Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton.For example, making eye contactlooking into someones eyesin some countries is a way to disp

37、lay interest.(2019北京卷)Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals.In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person.(2019天津卷) Amy, as well as her brothers, was given a warm welcome when returning to the

38、village last week.Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else.(2019天津卷)Opportunity favors those with a curious mind.Which is a more reliable guide for understanding someones feelings: their body language or the words they speak？(2019

39、北京卷)Some students dont have a reliable car, while others have to share vehicles with parents who work six days a week.单句语法填空1We will meet with quantities of people, varying (vary) from the old to the young.2The company gave its approval (approve) to his application.3The junior clerk was alarmed when he witnessed (witness) the robbery in his office.4From the appearance, we can not tell the difference(differ) between the twins.5He stood there in favour of his father.6The first paper to hand (hand) in would be from Group 4.7She sang very well.Ive never heard a more beautiful (bea