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1、2021/8/11 星期三1The use of “It”2021/8/11 星期三2 1.it作人称代词1.1.it的最基本用法是作人称代词,主要指刚提到的事物,以避免重复:Ningbo is a beautiful city, isnt it?1.2.也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子):Is this your dog?No, it isnt.1.3.也可指抽象事物:It was a great surprise to me when he did a thing like that2.非人称代词itit有时并不指具体的东西,而泛指天气、时间、环境等,称为非人称的it:2.1.指天
2、气:It is a lovely day, isnt it?It is a bit windy. 2021/8/11 星期三32.2.指时间:It was nearly midnight when she came back.2.3.指环境:It was very quiet in the caf.2.4.指距离:It is half an hours walk to the city centre. 3.it的其他用法3.1.表示谁在做某事的句子:Who is it? -Its me.Her face lighted when she saw who it was. 3.2.用来泛泛的指某件
3、事:So you are going to be married this time?When is it?It doesnt matter.It is a shame, isnt it?2021/8/11 星期三4.it的重要句型1. It is + 被强调部分 + that . 该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面,其它部分置于that之后,被强调部分可以是主语,宾语,表语或状语,强调的主语如果是人,that可以由who换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后,应该是一个完整无缺的句子;这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。 It was about 600 years ago that the
4、first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father. 2021/8/11 星期三52. It is not until + 被强调部分 + that . 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语,译成汉语直到才,可以说是 not . until . 的强调形式。 It was not until she took off her dark glas
5、ses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. = I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. 2021/8/11 星期三63. It is clear ( obvious, true, possible, certain.) that . 该句型中it 是形式主语,
6、真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句,常译为清楚(显然,真的,肯定)是主语从句最常见的一种结构。 It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. = That hes round and tall like a tree is very clear. 2021/8/11 星期三74. It is important ( necessary, right, strange, natural.) that . 该句型和上一个同属一个句型;由于主句中的形容词不同,that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气(should + 动词原形),should
7、可以省去,建议记住该句型中的形容词。 It is important that we (should) learn English well. It is necessary that he (should) remember these words. 5. It is said (reported, learned.) that . 该句型中的it 仍是形式主语,真正主语是that 引导的主语从句;该结构常译为据说(据报道,据悉)。 It is said that he has come to Beijing. It is reported that another earth satell
8、ite has been put into orbit. 2021/8/11 星期三86. It is suggested ( ordered /demanded/insisted/commanded. ) that . 该句型和上一个同属一个句型,主句中的过去分词是表示请求,建议,命令等词时,that后的从句要用虚拟语气(should + 动词原形),should 可以省;常译为据建议;有命令) It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive th
9、ere in two hours. 2021/8/11 星期三97. It is a pity ( a shame . ) that . 该句型中,that后的从句一般用虚拟语气(should + 动词原形),should可省去表示出乎意料,常译为竟然。没有这种意义时,则不用虚拟语气。 It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上,真是遗憾! It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了,真遗憾! 8. It is time ( about time ,high t
10、ime ) that . 该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气,值得注意的是 常用过去时态表示虚拟 有时也用should + 动词原形,should 不能省,常译为是(正是)的时侯 It is time that children should go to bed. = It is time that children went to bed. 2021/8/11 星期三109. It is the first ( second . ) time that . 该句型要和上一个句型区别开来,该句型中的 that 从句不用虚拟语气,而用完成时态,。至于用什么完成时态,由主句的谓语动词的时态决
11、定。如果是一般现在时,后面从句用现在完成时态;如果是一般过去时,后面从句则用过去完成时态,该结构中 that 可以省去;it有时用 this 替换常译为是第一(二)次。 It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here. 10. It is . since .。 该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时,又要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题,主句中是时间作表语,其时态是现在时或完成时,since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态,而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时,从句则用过去完成时。 I
12、t is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died. 2021/8/11 星期三1111. It is . when .。 该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句,主句中的 it 指时间,表语由具体的时间充当,常译为当的时候,是 It was 5 oclock when he came here. 12. It be . before . 该句型主句中的 it 指时间, 主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过去时两种时态主句中的表语多是long, not long , 3 days , 2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语,常译为之后。 It wa
13、s 3 days before he went to Beijing. It will be not long before he finishes his job. 13. It happens (seems, looks, appears ) that. 该句型中it是形式主语,that 引导的是主语从句,主句中的happen , seem等词是不及物动词。 It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧. It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看
14、来 2021/8/11 星期三1214. It takes sb. . to do sth. 该句型中的不定式是真正的主语,it是形式主语,句型中的直接宾语是时间,常译为做要花费某人。 It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall. 15. It is no good (use ) doing sth. 该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语,主句中的表语可以是no good , ( not any good ) , no use , ( not any use )。 It is no good learning Engl
15、ish without speaking English. 16. It doesnt matter whether ( if ) . 该句型中whether(if) 引导的从句是真正主语,该句型常译为不论(是否)没关系。It doesnt matter if they are old. 2021/8/11 星期三1317. It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth. 该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语,如果不定式的逻辑主语是由 of引起,主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。 常见的有: bad , brave , careless, clever , cruel
16、 , foolish , good (好心的), honest , horrible , kind , lazy , modest , naughty , nice(有教养的), polite, rude , silly , stupid , wise , wrong(错误的)等。 这个句型可以改写为:sb. is kind to do sth. 。 It is kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so. 2021/8/11 星期三1418. It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. 该句型与上一个同属一
17、个句型,如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起,主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性,紧迫性,频繁程度,难易,安全等情况的形容词。 常见的形容词有: important, necessary, natural easy , safe , common , normal , hard , difficult , dangerous , unusual, rare , impossible , pleasant等。 =在中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写, 如: It is important for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (s
18、hould ) come to the party. 2021/8/11 星期三1519. It looks ( seems ) as if . 该句型中it无意义, as if 引导一个状语从句。常译为,看起来好象如果与事实不相符合,则用虚拟语气。 It looks as if he is ill.(真的病了) It looks as if he were ill. (没有生病) It seemed as if he were dying. 20. We think it important to learn a foreign language. 该句型中的it 作形式宾语,为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为6123结构。 6指主句中常用的动词:think,believe,make,find,consid
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