高中英语选择性必修三 unit3 Period 3 discovering useful structures课时练习（详解版）20202021学年

1、Unit3 Period 3 discovering useful structures课时练习姓名：_学号：_得分：_限时：45分把下面直接引语变成间接引语。（每个1分，共10分）1She said，“I wont be frustrated.” 【答案】She said that she wouldnt be frustrated. 她说她不会沮丧的。 2.I told Mary，“We will protect you from infection.” 【答案】 I told Mary we would protect her from infection. 二随宾：直接引语中出现的第二

2、人称代词要按照引述动词的宾语的人称变化，若引述动词后没有宾语，也可用第一人称。3.She said to me，“They want to decrease the amount of fat they eat.” 【答案】She told me that they wanted to decrease the amount of fat they ate. 她告诉我，他们想减少脂肪的摄入量。第三人称不更新：直接引语出现的第三人称代词一般不需要变化。4. “I will come and see you again this evening， Tom，”she said. 【答案】 She t

3、old Tom that she would go and see him again that evening. 5. He said to me，“You are wrong.” 【答案】 He told me that I was wrong. 6. “Are you a soldier?” he asked. 【答案】 He asked if/whether I was a soldier. 7.He asked，“Where are you going to get off， John?” 【答案】He asked John where he was going to get off

4、. 8.“I will come here again today，”she said. 【答案】 She said that she would go there again that day. 9. He said，“I am living with my cousin.” 【答案】He said that he was living with his cousin.10. My father said to me，“The house was completely transformed in 2017.” 【答案】 My father told me that the house wa

5、s completely transformed in 2017. 我父亲告诉我，房子在2017 年被彻底改造了。 如果直接引语中有明确的表示过去时间的状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。11.The geography teacher said to us，“The earth travels around the sun.” 【答案】The geography teacher told us that the earth travels around the sun. 地理老师对我们说：“地球围绕太阳转。” 如果直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。II阅读理解。（一个2.5分）

6、AEl Nino, a Spanish term for the Christ child, was named by South American fisherman who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Nino sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific

7、, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.The weather effects, both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful Nino, on balance, than they lose. A study found that a strong Nino in 1997-98 helped American

8、s economy grow by $15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvest, farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural in rich countries in growth than the fall in poor ones.But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multi-year drought in south-east

9、Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains brought about by El Nino may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.The most recent powerful Nino, in 1997-98, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe. But

10、such Ninos come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and

11、 rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.Simple improvements to infrastructure(基础设施) can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers(下水道) make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease o

12、f bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El Ninos harmful effectsand the poorer the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship m

13、ay not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino, reducing their losses needs to be t

14、he priority.1What can we learn about El Nino in Paragraph 1?AIt is named after a South American fisherman.BIt takes place almost every year all over the world.CIt forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.DIt sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.2What may El Ninos brin

15、g about to the countries affected?AAgricultural harvests in rich countries fall.BDroughts become more harmful than floods.CRich countries gains are greater than their losses.DPoor countries suffer less from droughts economically.3The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that _.Amore investmen

16、t should go to risk reductionBgovernments of poor countries need more aidCvictims of El Nino deserve more compensationDrecovery and reconstruction should come first4What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?ATo introduce El Nino and its origin.BTo explain the consequences of El Nino.CTo sho

17、w ways of fighting against El Nino.DTo urge people to prepare for El Nino.1-4DCAD【解析】试题分析：本文介绍了厄尔尼诺现象对地球的影响，并告诉我们政府应该做更多的投资预防厄尔尼诺的危害而不是在出现问题以后进行重新补救和恢复。 视频 1D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句El Nino sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blo

18、w westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.可知厄尔尼诺现象见证了海洋中水流方向的变化。故D正确。2C 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句Rich countries gain more from powerful Nino, on balance, than they lose.可知富有国家从厄尔尼诺现象中得到的好处多于它带来的损失。C项正确。3A 推理判断题。根据第四段第三句According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disas

19、ter-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards.故A项正确。4D 目的意图题。根据最后一句Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.各国政府要把

20、减少损失放在优先的位置。也就是说我们要事先做好准备。故D项正确。考点：考查科普说明文阅读BSteven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that hes an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more

21、 interesting is that one ofSteins jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags. Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台) . The bags ar

22、e prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists likeSteintomake the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume. Among the bag makers argument: many cities with bans still allow sho

23、pperstopurchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energytoproduce and transport. And while plastic bags may be uglytolook at, they represent a small percentage of allgarbageon the ground today The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: r

24、eusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energytomake. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic. E

25、nvironmentalists dont dispute（质疑） these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shopperstouse the same reusable bags for years.5. What has Steven Stein been hired to do?A. Help increase grocery sales.B. Recycle the waste material.C. Stop things falling off trucks.D. Argue fo

26、r the use of plastic bags.6. What does the word “headwinds”in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Bans on plastic bags.B. Effects of city development.C. Headaches caused by garbage.D. Plastic bags hung in trees.7. What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?A. They are quite expensiv

27、e.B. Replacing them can be difficult.C. They are less strong than plastic bags.D. Producing them requires more energy.8. What is the best title for the text?A. Plastic, Paper or NeitherB. Industry, Pollution and EnvironmentC. Recycle or Throw AwayD. Garbage Collection and Waste Control【答案】5-8. D A D

28、 A【解析】文章分析了几种购物袋的使用情况，塑料袋造成了环境问题，尽管纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。5. 细节理解题。根据第一段one ofSteins jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.和第二段plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists likeSteintomake the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people a

29、ssume.可知塑料袋生产商雇用Steven Stein是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害，是对塑料袋被禁用的解释和争论。故选D。6. 词义猜测题。上文介绍在许多美国大城市塑料袋被禁用，看到这种现状，塑料袋生产商雇用Steven Stein等科学家是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有. headwinds“逆风”，此处指塑料袋被禁用的现状，即Bans on plastic bags，故选A。7. 细节理解题。根据第四段However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energytomake.可

30、知塑料袋生产商认为生产耐用且能重复使用的袋子需要更多的能量，故选D。8. 标题归纳题。文章讲述了使用塑料袋造成的环境问题，纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。对这三种方式进行了对比，Plastic, Paper or Neither既能概括全文，又能吸引读者，最适合作为标题。故选A。III:语法填空 （根据语法规则完成短文）Whisky is probably 1. _(famous) product of Scotland. Whisky making provides work 2._ several thousand people in the Scottish Highlands and islands. Whisky is Scotlands biggest goods 3. _ (sell) to ever