2021北京基础医学考试考前冲刺卷

1、第 页2021北京基础医学考试考前冲刺卷本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Renal filtration barrier consists of all of the following components EXCEPTAThe fenestrated endothelium of the glomerular capillariesBThe basal laminaCThe filtration slits with diaphragms between pedicels

2、DMedullary raysERenal capsule 2.A nephron includes all of the following components EXCEPTAA renal corpuscleBA distal convoluted tubuleCA thin limb of the loop of HenleDA collecting tubuleEPars recta of the proximal tubule 3.All of the following cell types are found in the brain EXCEPTAPurkinje cells

3、BStellate cellsCSchwann cellsDSmall granule cellsEPyramidal cells 4.Seminiferous tubules contain all of the following components EXCEPTASertoli cellsBSpermatocytesCA fibrous connective tissue tunicDSkeletal muscle in their tunica propriaEA germinal epithelium 5.Which of the following statements conc

4、erning secondary ovarian follicles is TRUEAThey lack liquor folliculiBThey contain a secondary oocyteCTheir continued maturation requires FSHDThey lack a theca externaEThey have a single layer of cuboidal follicular cells surrounding the oocyte 6.Prolactin is synthesized and secreted by which of the

5、 following cellsAAcidophils in the pars distailsBBasophils in the pars tuberalisCSomatotrophs in the pars distalisDBasophils in the pars intermediaEChief cell 7.In which of the following sites do lymphocytes become immunocompetentAGerminal center of secondary lymphoid nodulesBWhite pulp of the splee

6、nCThymus cortexDRed pulp of the spleenEParacortex of lymph nodes 8.Which of the following statements is NOT the process of the tissue preparationAFixationBDehydrationCEmbedmentDCover slipEMicroscope 9.Which one of the following statements about stratified squamous epithelium is FALSEAThe surface lay

7、er of cells may be keratinizedBThe cells in its most superficial layer are cuboidalCIt is supported by a basal laminaDIts cells possess desmosomesEStratified squamous epithelium is characterized by flattened cells in its superficial layer. 10.Of the following cell types found in connective tissue, w

8、hich is most often present along capillaries and resembles fibroblastsAPlasma cellBLymphocyteCMacrophageDPericyteEMast cells 11.Which of the following are present in elastic arteries but are NOT seen in muscular arteriesAElastic fibersBFactor CFenestrated membranesDExternal elastic laminaE Basement

9、membrane 12.Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is produced by which of the following cellsAChromophobes in the pars distalisBNeurosecretory cells in the median eminenceCAcidophils in the pars distalisDNeurons of the paraventricular nucleus in the hypothalamusENone of the above 13.Whih of the followi

10、ng statements regarding the cerebrospinal fluid is FALSEAIt is secreted by the choroids plexusBIt bathes and nourishes the brain and spinal cordCIt is composed mostly of protein with little sodium and potassiumDIt is resorbed by arachnoid villiEBlockage of its pathway leads to hydrocephalus 14.现场心肺复

11、苏口对口人工呼吸时，以下哪项是错误的？A口对口呼吸时可先垫上一层织物，或专用面罩。B每次吹气量不应1200ml。C吹气与按压可同步进行。D在作口对口呼吸前应先查明口腔内有无血液、呕吐物等，如有应先尽量清除。 15.高血压危象的治疗需要迅速降压，使平均动脉压迅速降低：A4050%B20%25%C1015%D3040% 16.ARDS病因及发病机理与下列哪项因素无关？A血管活性物质作用于血管壁，增加通透性B氧中毒是氧对肺组织直接作用C补液过量D严重感染毒性物质破坏血管壁 17.热衰竭患者最重要的治疗是：A抗感染B脱水C补充血容量D冰盐水灌肠 18.苯二氮卓类药物中毒特效解毒剂是：A维生素K1B阿托

12、品C硫代硫酸钠D氟马西尼 19.在CPR中胸外心脏按压与人工呼吸的比例为：A5:1B5:2C30:2D15:2 20.某高血压患者，急期气促，端坐，躁动不安，双肺满布湿性罗音。最迅速而有效缓解症状的治疗为：A氨茶碱B速尿C吗啡D西地兰 21.延髓背外侧综合征（Wallenberg综合征）出现，提示哪个部位脑血栓形成？A颈内动脉B小脑下后动脉C大脑前动脉D大脑中动脉 22.四肢骨折固定时注意固定关节应包括：A上下一个关节B上下两个关节C对侧关节D多个关节 23.下列哪项不属于急性上消化道出血的病因：A门脉高压性胃病BCurling溃疡C绞窄性肠梗阻D食管癌 24.甲状腺危象时，首先选用的药物是：

13、A甲基硫氧嘧啶B丙基硫氧嘧啶C心得安D碘化钠静脉滴注 25.急性中毒的诊断，下述哪项是错误的？A毒物接触史是诊断的必要条件B临床表现特点是诊断的重要依据C毒物分析是最主要的诊断方法D病情严重时应边检查边急救处理 26.纵隔扑动是下列哪种创伤的表现：A创伤性气胸B创伤性血胸C多发性肋骨骨折D张力性气胸 27.鉴别起病几小时的卒中病人是脑出血还是脑梗死的最肯定的证据是：A起病急缓B有无脑膜刺激征C脑脊液检查D头颅CT检查 28.下列哪种毒物中毒皮肤粘膜呈樱桃红色：A有机磷农药B亚硝酸盐C一氧化碳D酒精 29.由于染色体发生结构畸变所引起的疾病是：A猫叫综合征BKlinefelter综合征C Tur

14、ner综合症D Down综合症 30.多基因遗传病发病风险与以下哪个因素有关？A家庭中患者的多少，致病基因是显性还是隐性B遗传与环境因素，性连锁与否C亲属级别，家庭中患者多少，严重程度，遗传率D遗传率，基因性质，亲属级别 31.下列哪一条不符合AR的特征：A患者双亲的表型往往是正常的，但他们都是携带者B患者的同胞中患者的比例是1/4C近亲婚配与随机婚配的发病率均等D不是代代相传 32.一对等位基因在杂合情况下，两种基因的作用都表现出来称为：A共显性遗传B外显不全C不完全显性遗传D拟显性遗传 33.在多基因病中，遗传基础和环境因素的共同作用决定了一个个体是否患某种疾病，称为：A易感性B阈值C易患

15、性D遗传率 34.联会开始于减数分裂前期的A细线期B偶线期C粗线期D双线期 35.一对表型正常的夫妇，生出了一个红绿色盲(XR，设红绿色盲的致病基因为b)的孩子，检查孩子的X染色质1个，Y染色质1个，则该孩子的基因型和核型为A 45,XbB46,XbXbC47,XbXbYD47,XBXbY 36.秃顶是显性基因B决定的一种限性遗传性状，男性基因型为BB，Bb的个体表现为秃顶，而女性只有在纯合显状BB时才表现为秃顶。一秃顶的女性个体与某正常男子婚配，他们的后代子女的情况是：A所有的子女都正常B女儿都正常，儿子都秃顶C 1/2子女秃顶，1/2子女正常D女儿都正常，儿子1/2正常，1/2秃顶 37.

16、染色质与染色体的关系是A 同一物质在细胞增殖周期中不同时期的形态表现B同一物质在细胞周期中同一时期的不同表现C不是同一物质，故形态不同D以上都不是 38.精子形成过程中，第一次成熟分裂发生染色体不分离现象，而第二次成熟分裂正常，则可能产生A4个异常的精细胞B 1个异常的精细胞C2个异常的精细胞D4个正常的精细胞 39.真核细胞的细胞核A是细胞遗传物质存储场所B是最大的细胞器C是DNA复制的场所D以上都是 40.密码子的兼并性指A一些密码子可缺少一个嘌呤碱或嘧啶碱B一些密码子适用于一种以上的氨基酸C大多数氨基酸有一组以上的密码子D密码子有许多稀有碱基 41.小肠上皮细胞吸收葡萄糖是离子梯度驱动的主动运输，驱动这种运输方式的离子梯度主要是Na+，所以可以说间接驱动这种转运的蛋白质是ANa+- H+ 交换体BNa+- K+ -ATP酶C转运 Na+的电压闸门离子通道D 转运 Na+的配体闸门离子通道 42.关于线粒体的结构哪种说法是不正确的？A 是由双层单位膜封闭的细胞器B是含有DNA成分的细胞器C是由单位膜包裹而成的细胞器D内膜向里突出形成嵴，嵴上有许多基粒 43.在有丝分裂中，染色质凝集、核膜崩解、核仁消失在A前期B中期C后期D末期 44.细胞膜的特性是A流动性和对称性B不流动性和对称性C流动性和不对称性D不流动性和不对称性 45.关于“膜流”下面哪种方向是正