高中英语必修三 Unit 4 Space Exploration（A卷基础卷）（解析版）

1、Unit 4 Space Exploration测试卷（A卷基础卷）解析版 【新人教版】注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上。2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A No human has set foot on the

2、 Moon since 1972. Now, after more than four decades of inactivity, interest in putting humans back on the Moon is finally heating up again. But who will get there first? CHINAOn 14 December 2013, China successfully landed its Jade Rabbit rover(探测车)on the Moon. It is now working on its next explorati

3、on mission. Named Change 4, the mission is scheduled to touch down in the Aitken Basin near the end of 2018. If successful, it will be the first landing on the Moons far side. RUSSIARussia plans a manned Moon landing in 2030. It is currently working on a project whose idea is that the landers will e

4、xplore the south pole of the Moon, exploring for resources such as minerals and water ice to be used to provide for a human outpost(前哨站). INDIAFollowing the success of its Chandrayaan-1 in 2008, India announced a follow-on mission. Chandrayaan-2 was meant to cooperate with Russia. But when the Russi

5、ans failed to deliver the promised lander in 2013, India decided to go it alone. Chandrayaan-2 is about to be sent up in 2018. U. S. A. In December 2018, NASA plans to send up the Exploration Mission 1, an uncrewed test of their Orion astronaut capsule in which the craft will circle around the Moon

6、before returning to Earth. All being well, a crewed capsule will follow in 2023. Should the mission prove a success, the astronauts will be the first humans to see the far side of the Moon with their own eyes since Apollo 17 in 1972. 1. What will China do in its next space mission? A. Improve its Ja

7、de Rabbit rover. B. Work with other countries. C. Land Change 4 on the Moon. D. Explore the south pole of the Moon. 【答案】C【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知, 嫦娥四号将在2018年底降落在月球Aitken Basin地区。据此可知, 中国的下一步空间计划是嫦娥四号登月, 故选C项。2. Why did India try to carry out its follow-on mission alone? A. It couldnt find a partner

8、. B. It didnt get the lander as planned. C. The Russians refused to work with India. D. It planned to launch Chandrayaan-2 in advance. 【答案】B【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据第四段第三句可知, 由于俄罗斯没能给印度提供着陆器, 因此印度决定自己实施登月计划, 故项B项。3. Which country is interested in resources on the Moon? A. Russia. B. China. C. India. D. U. S.

9、 A. 【答案】A【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知, 当前俄罗斯正启动一项工程, 其思路是登陆器将探索月球的南极, 寻找矿物质和水冰等资源以供人类前哨站使用。故选A项。B Since several organizations plan to put the first man on Mars by 2030, new trips to the moon will take place around 2020-2025. If you go to the moon, you need a place to stay in. What will it be like? Maybe

10、 the following article can give us some inspiration. August 23, 2025-Today a new chapter in space travel is written. Rod Markham and his wife-to-be Susan Milliliter arrived safely at the moon to spend 5 nights as the first guests at the Starbright Hotel that was set up for this purpose two years ago

11、. Not only are they the first hotel guests on the moon, but they also set a new record for expensive accommodation since the price was $3.7 million per night, per person. However, the move from the earth to the hotel was included in the price. The hotel itself will probably have a hard time just to

12、try to gain one star in any hotel rating system, since there is no room service. The guests have to do the cleaning of the room themselves and there is no bathroom in it. However, they have more stars than they need just outside their Rod and Susan will get married by linking their local minister in

13、 San Diego, California at 9:00 pm EST tonight, and the wedding will be broadcast live by several major TV networks in a 1-hour special report, including the preparations for the trip. Six astronauts are along with them and during the stay theyll set up further accommodations for the guests who have

14、made reservations at the Star-bright Hotel next year. The hotel has no employees, only some workers when guests stay at it.What does the new chapter in space travel refer to according to Paragraph 2?Human landed on Mars for the first time.B. The first hotel on the moon was set up.C. The first hotel

15、guests landed on the moon.D. The hotel on Mars welcomed its first guests.【答案】【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句Rod Markham and his wife-to-be Susan Milliliter arrived safely at the moon to spend 5 nights as the first guests at the Starbright Hotel that was set up for this purpose two years ago.可知，这里的新篇章指的是月球迎来

16、了第一批住宿的旅客，故选C项。5. During the couples stay at the Star-bright Hotel, they _.A. cant find much helpB. will get five-star serviceC. have to cook food themselvesD. can use the bathroom in their room【答案】A【解析】本题考查推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可知，这个旅馆没有客房服务，因此夫妻俩许多事都要亲力亲为，不会得到很多帮助，故选A项。6. What can we learn about the weddi

17、ng of Rod and Susan?A. It will last for an hour.B. It can be watched live on the earth.C. A minister on the moon will host it.D. Their relatives and friends will be present.【答案】B【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知，婚礼上他们会连线在圣迭戈的神父做主持，并由几家电视台进行实况转播，故选B项。7. What will the six astronauts do during the stay of Rod an

18、d Susan?A. Accept reservations from others.B. Improve room service for the couple.C. Look for several employees for the hotel.D. Prepare accommodations for future guests.【答案】D【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句Six astronauts are along with them and during the stay theyll set up further accommodations for the g

19、uests who have made reservations at the Star-bright Hotel next year.可知，这六个宇航员会在那里为接下来已预订旅馆的人准备住宿，故选D项。 C At first, the earths surface layer (层) was made up of huge blocks of hard, solid rocks. Then slowly, the rocks broke up into smaller and smaller pieces. Finally stones, pebbles (卵石) and grains of

20、 sand were formed. Many sorts of plants and animals lived and died on the surface of the earth. Their remains mixed with stones and pebbles formed soil. The outmost layer of the earth is soil. There are many ways in which large pieces of rock break into smaller ones. Wind, water, heat and cold help

21、to break up rocks. When winds blow grains of sand against a large rock for a long time, the softer layers of the rock are slowly worn away. That leaves holes and cracks in the rock, which become bigger and finally the rock breaks up into smaller pieces. The moving water of streams and rivers also he

22、lps to break up rocks. As the water moves along, it carries with small pieces of rock. These rub the larger ones. Thus, the larger rocks are worn down to smaller pieces. The heat of the sun is also helpful to breaking up rocks. When the sun shines, the rocks become very hot. If these rocks are sudde

23、nly cooled, they may crack. Ice also plays a part in making soil. Water in the cracks can turn into ice in cold weather. As this happens, the cracks become bigger and wider, and finally break into smaller pieces.According to the passage, soil _.forms very slowlyB. is a mixture of stones, pebbles and

24、 sandC. makes up the layers of the earthD. is becoming smaller and smaller【答案】A【解析】本题考查推理判断题。第一段中提到岩石慢慢地破裂，成为小的石头，其后动植物遗体跟石头、卵石混合在一起，形成了土壤，可推知土壤的形成非常慢。故选A项。9. How many factors are mentioned in helping break up rocks?A. Three.B. Four.C. Five.D. More than five.【答案】B【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Wind, water, h

25、eat and cold”以及文章内容可知，促进岩石破裂主要有四种方法，故选B项。10. Which of the following is NOT true?A. The remains of many plants and animals formed soil.B. If a large rock never moves, it will never break up.C. The changes in temperature will help to break up rocks.D. Ice in the cracks helps to break up rocks.【答案】B【解析

26、】本题考查细节理解题。根据文中的四种岩石破裂的方法可知，即使岩石不动，它也会碎，故选B项。11. The best title for this passage should be _.A. Soil from RocksB. Ways to Break up RocksC. Soil on the EarthD. Soil, Outmost Layer of the Earth【答案】B【解析】本题考查主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了岩石破裂的方法，因此标题与岩石碎裂有关，因此最好的题目为B.Ways to Break up Rocks，故选B项。 D I have recently moved

27、to Hamburg in Germany and have always heard that Germans just wear jeans or some strange clothes. Since I moved here, I have found this actually is completely false and I think I would prefer it if they did just wear jeans, so I could do the same! Hamburg is a very big shopping city. Apart from H&M,

28、 New Yorker and Mango, I have found a New Look and a new Topshop have recently just opened. These shops are quite popular in the UK and sell clothes which are always considered as very fashionable. Another thing I am really struggling with is that I am trying to find the right clothes for the weathe

29、r. I have found in Hamburg one minute it is nice and sunny, but the next minute it is throwing it down with rain! One day it might start off really rainy and cold, but by lunch time it is sunny and really hot, so wearing a coat is not practical. In general, however, I think it has also got cold here

30、 very quickly and it already feels like the winter that I am used to. I frequently go out in my winter coat, hat, gloves and scarf while many other people are still only wearing jeans or leather jackets. I dont understand how they do it as I am always freezing. Is it better to blend in with (与协调) fa

31、shion or be warm? I think I would rather be warm and maybe look like a bit of a banana in a huge coat rather than be shivering all day. What do you think? Clearly I am missing something here as I seem to be the only one to struggle with these fashion decisions.When the writer is in Hamburg, she find

32、s Germans _.care more about what to wearB. dont always wear jeansC. like wearing fashionable clothesD. like wearing jeans【答案】B【解析】本题考查细节理解题。从第一段的.have always heard that Germans just wear jeans or some strange clothes. Since I moved here, I have found this actually is completely false可知，德国人只穿牛仔裤的说法是错

33、误的，他们并不总是穿牛仔裤，故选B项。13. Shopping in Hamburg is very _.A. difficultB. funnyC. excitingD. convenient【答案】D【解析】本题考查细节理解题。从第二段的Hamburg is a very big shopping city. Apart from H&M, New Yorker and Mango, I have found a New Look and a new Topshop have recently just opened可知，汉堡有很多大型服装品牌，购物是很方便的，故选D项。14. We kn

34、ow the weather in Hamburg is _.A. changeableB. comfortableC. rainyD. lovely【答案】A【解析】本题考查细节理解题。从第三段的I have found in Hamburg one minute it is nice and sunny, but the next minute it is throwing it down with rain可知，汉堡的天气是易变的，故选A项。15. What does the underlined word shivering probably mean?A. Wandering.B.

35、Searching.C. Shaking.D. Watching.【答案】C【解析】本题考查词句猜测题。从前面的I dont understand how they do it as I am always freezing及I think I would rather be warm可以判断出，画线词的词义应该是因寒冷而发抖，故选C项。第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Life on Mars: Is it really possible? Now that Curiosity is beam

36、ing back Earth-like pictures of Martian landscape, the old question raises its head: Could man and woman ever go there? The answer is very definitely yes. There are a number of practical challenges to overcome first, however. There are differences between Earth and Mars, but also a number of similar

37、ities. (16) Phobos and Deimos Unlike Earth, Mars does not have a polar magnetic field. Scientists believe that the two Martian moons, Phobos and Deimos, are little planets. (17) (18) For the annual IGEM or International Genetically Engineered Machines competition, students around the world attempt t

38、o make living cells perform new tasks. In preparation for the human colonization of Mars, seeds and organic matter would have to be transported from Earth to begin growing plants and establishing a food supply.Super-sized Bees Plants need pollinators as well as water, and the best pollinator on Eart

39、h is the humble bee-and entire hives would be transported to Mars. (19) However, without natural predators, they could grow very large, indeed.Overcoming Challenges-Opening Possibilities There will be other challenges to overcome, for example, the effect on the human body of living in a field with l

40、ow gravity. (20) Right now, we ought to welcome the challenges. The more challenges we overcome now, the more prepared we will be for moving out of our solar system and into the grand, universal adventure that is ahead of us.AIGEMBThe next question is: Could man colonize Mars?COnce there, the insect

41、s would be let loose among the plants.DHowever, all kinds of other interesting things will be happening.EBut these are already issues for astronauts living on the International Space Station.FThey do not have the stabilizing effect on the spin of the planet like the moon has upon Earth.GMars has Ear

42、th-like seasons and the planet surface is abundant in minerals essential for plant growth.16.【答案】G【解析】根据上句There are differences between Earth and Mars, but also a number of similarities.介绍地球与火星有不同但也有相似之处，下面应具体举例。G项指出火星拥有与地球相似的季节和植物生长所必需的矿物质，符合语境，故选G项。17.【答案】F【解析】根据上文 Unlike Earth, Mars does not have

43、 a polar magnetic field. Scientists believe that the two Martian moons, Phobos and Deimos, are little planets.提到科学家认为Phobos和Deimos是火星的月亮，但其实是两颗小行星，因此它们对火星的旋转没有月亮对地球一样的稳定作用，故选F项。18.【答案】A【解析】根据下文 For the annual IGEM or International Genetically Engineered Machines competition, students around the worl

44、d attempt to make living cells perform new tasks. 出现IGEM关键词，由此可知A项符合本段的小标题，故选A项。19.【答案】C【解析】根据上文 Plants need pollinators as well as water, and the best pollinator on Earth is the humble bee-and entire hives would be transported to Mars.提到为了把传粉者蜜蜂运到火星上，要把完整的蜂巢运过去，下面应介绍到达火星以后怎么做，故选C项。20.【答案】E【解析】根据上一句

45、 There will be other challenges to overcome, for example, the effect on the human body of living in a field with low gravity.提到到火星以后将面对重力较小的问题，这正好是国际空间站的宇航员们遇到过的问题，E项符合语境。故选E项。第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。All passengers boarded (登机), and the

46、flight would be on time. However, I noticed an adult passenger sitting at the gate (登机口) crying. I asked the gate staff what was up and they told me the passenger was not (21) to board due to a problem of his ticket. His last name in the ticket was (22) wrongly by a letter but he had (23) it before.

47、 The man told me that his father was just in the (24) and he needed to take this flight to hopefully see him before he (25) . Unfortunately, there was nothing the gate staff could do about it. They toht him to buy a new ticket. (26) , the flight was to leave ten minutes later and it was impossible f

48、or him to do so. He told me he wou|d be really (27) if he wouldnt be able to say his final goodbye to his dad. Seeing a grown man crying sadly, I was sure that he was telling the (28) . I considered for a while and then thought of (29) I could do to help him. As a member of the staff, I have a (30)

49、-I can issue (发) tickets through an online system to my family or (31) . Then, I provided a staff ticket for this passenger. I passed the ticket to him (32) his knowing what Id done. I just hoped that he wouldnt (33) any of his fathers last words. Later, the gate staff told me they would help me kee

50、p the (34) as we can only use the staff tickets for people we know. I was so proud that day (35) I did something meaningful for a person in need.A. forcedB. allowedC. advisedD. persuaded【答案】B【解析】本题考查动词辨析。句意：我问登机口工作人员怎么了，他们告诉我，这位乘客因为机票问题不能登机。A.强迫；B.允许；C.建议；D.说服。根据后文的“due to a problem of his ticket”可知

51、，那位乘客因为他的机票有问题而不被允许(allowed)登机，故选B项。A. readB. spelledC. understoodD. remembered【答案】B【解析】本题考查动词辨析。句意：他票上的的姓氏被拼错了一个字母，但他之前忽略了。A.读；B.拼写；C.理解，明白；D.记得。根据“His last name in the ticket was _22_ wrongly by a letter”可知，那位乘客机票上的姓氏应该是被拼写(spelled)错了一个字母，故选B。A. foundB. recordedC. imaginedD. ignored【答案】D【解析】本题考查动词

52、辨析。句意同上。A.发现，找到；B.记录；C.想像，设想；D.忽略。根据语境可知，那位乘客票面上的姓氏有误，但他之前忽略了(ignored)，故选D项。A. airportB. officeC. schoolD. hospital【答案】D【解析】本题考查名词辨析。句意：那个人告诉我他父亲刚刚住院了，在他去世之前，他需要乘坐这趟飞机去见他。A.机场；B.办公室；C.学校；D.医院。根据后文的“if he wouldnt be able to say his final goodbye to his dad”可知，那位乘客的父亲快要去世了，所以应该是在医院(hospital)里，故选D项。A.

53、gave upB. came backC. passed awayD. settled down【答案】C【解析】本题考查动词辨析。句意同上。A.放弃；B.回来，恢复(知觉、记忆等)；C.消失，去世；D.定居，平静下来。根据前文“and he needed to take this flight to hopefully see him”可知，那位乘客希望乘这班飞机赶到医院，在他父亲临终(passed away)前见一面，故选C项。A. InsteadB. HoweverC. OtherwiseD. Therefore【答案】B【解析】本题考查副词辨析。句意：然而，飞机十分钟后起飞，这对他来说

54、是不可能的。A.代替；B.然而；C.否则；D.因此。根据语境可知，工作人员告诉该乘客重新买一张票，但是(However)飞机马上就要起飞，时间来不及了。前后是转折关系，故选B项。A. regretfulB. confusedC. anxiousD. hopeless【答案】A【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。句意：他告诉如果他不能跟父亲临终道别，我他会非常遗憾。A.遗憾的；B.困惑的；C.焦急的；D.绝望的。根据后文“if he wouldnt be able to say his final goodbye to his dad”可知，如果不能跟父亲临终道别，那位乘客应该会非常遗憾(regretf

55、ul)，故选A项。A. lieB. truthC. jokeD. story【答案】B【解析】本题考查名词辨析。句意：看到一个成年人伤心地哭泣，我确信他说的是实话。A.谎话；B.事实；C.笑话；D.故事。根据上文的“Seeing a grown man crying sadly”可知，看到一个成年男人哭得那么伤心，作者确信他说的是事实(truth)，故选B项。A. nothingB. anythingC. somethingD. everything【答案】C【解析】本题考查不定代词辨析。句意：我考虑了一会儿，然后我想到了我能帮他的忙。A.无事；B.任何事物；C.某事；D.一切。根据语境可知，

56、作者考虑了一会儿，想到了为帮助那位乘客他可以做的事情(something)，故选C项。A. goalB. dutyC. taskD. right【答案】D【解析】本题考查名词辨析。句意：作为员工，我有权利我可以通过在线系统给我的家人或朋友买票。A.目标；B.职责；C.任务；D.权利。根据后文“I can issue tickets through an online system to my family”可知，作为工作人员，作者有权(right)通过在线系统为一些人签发机票，故选D项。A. petsB. friendsC. customersD. passengers【答案】B【解析】本题考

57、查名词辨析。句意同上。A.宠物；B.朋友；C.顾客；D.乘客。根据后文“we can only use the staff tickets for people we know”可知，工作人员只能为自己的家人和认识的朋友(friends)买票，故选B项。A. forB. afterC. sinceD. without【答案】D【解析】本题考查介词辨析。句意：我把票递给了他，并没有让他知道我做了什么。A.为了；B.在以后；C.自从；D.没有。根据语境可知，作者并不期望回报，所以他只是将票递给那位乘客，没(without)让他知道作者为他所做的事，故选D项。A. missB. repeatC. f

58、orgetD. mind【答案】A【解析】本题考查动词辨析。句意：我只是希望他不会错过他父亲的任何临终遗言。A.错过；B.重复；C.忘记；D.介意。根据语境可知，作者希望那位乘客不会错过(miss)他父亲的任何临终遗言，故选A项。A. secretB. ruleC. promiseD. appointment【答案】A【解析】本题考查名词辨析。句意：后来，登机口工作人员告诉我他们会帮我保守秘密，因为只有我们认识的人才能用员工票。A.秘密；B.规则；C.承诺；D.约定。根据后文“as we can only use the staff tickets for people we know”可知，

59、工作人员只能为认识的人买票，所以严格来说作者的做法是违规的，但登机口工作人员表示会帮作者保守这个秘密(secret)，故选A项。A. becauseB. beforeC. untilD. unless【答案】A【解析】本题考查连词辨析。句意：我那天感到非常自豪，因为我为一个需要帮助的人做了一件有意义的事。A.因为；B.在以前；C.直到；D.除非。根据语境可知，作者那天感到非常自豪，因为(because)他为需要帮助的人做了件有意义的事情，故选A项。第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Life on MarsSome

60、people believe humans could live on the planet Mars by the year 2100. Our own planet, the Earth, is becoming more and more crowded and polluted because of the rapid increase in population. (36)(hopeful), people could start all over again and build (37) better world on Mars. Here is what life there c