语法篇专题动词和动词短语

1、专题六 动词和动词短语一、动词分类一览表二、动词短语动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。有关动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词，不同搭配含意上的辨异及不同短语的辨异。动词短语构成一览表：构成例词例句动词+副词 turn up, turn off,etc. Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left.Please turn every light in the house off. 动词介词 agree with ,etc. I agree with you on that point. 动词+副词介词 lo

2、ok forward to,etc. I look forward to seeing you soon. 动词+名词介词 make use of ,etc. You should make full use of your time. 动词+名词 take place,etc. Great changes are taking place in our life. 动词和动词短语是历年高考单项填空考查的核心。设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或动词短语来考查考生在具体语境中对其的理解和实际运用能力。 【考点一】考查助动词的用法助动词有be (am, is, are, was, were, be

3、en), have(has, had), do(does, did), will(would), shall(should)。它们本身没有词义，只和实义动词的一定形式构成复合谓语，用来表示时态和语态，构成否定、疑问及加强语气等。（1）助动词be (am, is, are, were, been)的用法结构用法例句be+现在分词 构成进行时态 They are having a meeting. be+过去分词 构成被动语态The window was broken by Tom.be to do sth.表示计划、安排或命令 He is to go to New York next week.

4、be going to do sth. 表示计划或有迹象表明将要发生某事 Look at the dark clouds. Its going to rain. （2）助动词have (has, had)的用法 结构用法例句have+过去分词构成完成时态 He has left for London.Have you seen the film?He had left for London before I came. have been+现在分词 构成完成进行时态 What have you been doing these days? （ 3）助动词do(does, did) 的用法 结构

5、用法例句do+主语+动词原形 构成一般疑问句 Did you study German? do not+动词原形 构成实义动词的否定形式 I do not want to be criticized. do+动词原形 用于祈使句或陈述句中加强语气 He did buy a new car yesterday.Do do some work. 代替前面刚出现的动词以避免重复 My mother told me to go to bed early. So I did. 【考点二】常考的变化类系动词辨析 系动词用法常用结构例句go由好到坏或由正常到不常的变化“保持” go bad；go blind

6、；go mad; go hungry (unreported, unnoticed) The tire went flat.He often went hungry in the past. come变成为（已知的状态）；证实为 come true; come right Things will come right in the end.His dream will come true sooner or later. run“变成”run short； run dryThe well has run dry.turn成为与以前完全不同的东西。多接表示颜色或天气的形容词或不带冠词的名词。Th

7、e trees turn red in autumn.He has turned writer. fall“进入（某种状态）；成为”fall asleep； fall ill； fall lame； fall silentThe old men, unable to express himself, fell silent. get “变成，变得起 来”。较口语化。强调“逐渐”。后接形容词、分词、介词短语。The days are getting longer and longer. become “成为”，普通用 语，多表示过 去完成的事。become+a(n)+名词She has beco

8、me a lawyer. He became angry with me. grow“渐渐变得起来；长得”，强调其变化过程。常可接表示天气的形容词。Its growing warm. appear“显得，好像”，常用于正式文体中。指给他人的表面印象，有时含有实质上并非如此之意。 appear to be/adj./n./prep. appear to do;It appears that.;appear as if/though He appeared to be talking to himself.It appears that they are right.The river appea

9、red as if enveloped in smog. seem“似乎，好像”。 指说话人内心的估计与判断，有一定依据，接近于实际情况。seem to be/adj./n./prep.seem to do；It seems that.;seems as if /though The young man seemed to have changed much.It seems that she is happy. She seemed as if she couldnt understand why Laura was there .look“好像，看起来”，一般用于非正式场合。侧重由视觉得到

10、的印象。look+adj./n./prep.look like;look as if/though She looks like her mother.It looks as if we are going to have snow. 【考点三】考查主动形式表被动意义的用法（1）need, want, require(要求，需要), deserve(应得，值得), be worth(值得)，后面接doing主动形式表被动意义。The book is worth reading. These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=ne

11、ed to be looked after) carefully.Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut).（2）不定式作定语，放在被修饰词后面，与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系，又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系，不定式要用主动表被动含义。 I have much work to do.（与work有动宾关系，与I有主谓关系）比较：I have a letter to be typed.（3）不定式作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时(主语+系动词+形容词+不定式)，如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义时(difficult, easy, com

12、fortable, convenient, hard, cheap, expensive,etc.)，不定式用主动表被动。The question is difficult to answer.The work is easy to do.(=Its easy to do the work.)（4）有些动词(短语)只有主动形式，常视为主动表被动。take place, happen, break out等。A big fire happened/took place/broke out last night. 一些动词,如:sell(销售), wash(洗), clean(打扫), burn(

13、燃烧), cook(煮), write(写)等与副词,如:well(好), easily(容易地), perfectly(十分地)等连用，描绘事物的特性，用主动表被动，结构是：主语+动词+副词。The book sells well.These clothes wash easily. The pen writes well.Nylon cleans easily. 【考点四】考查易混短语的用法动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词，不同搭配含意上的辨析及不同短语的辨析。1. AGREE短语sb. agree with sb.某人同意某人的话/意见 sth. agree with sb

14、. 某物/某事适应某人agree to the plan/decision/arrangement 同意计划/决定/安排agree on sth. 就达成共识agree to do sth. 同意干某事2. BREAK短语break away (from)（与）脱离；改掉（习惯）break down（身体）垮掉；（计划、谈判）失败；（汽车）抛锚；分解（强调化学变化） break in/into 闯入break off折断；断绝break out （fire, disease, war, etc.）突发，爆发（火灾，疾病，战争等）break up 打碎；分裂；分解(强调化学变化) 3. BRIN

15、G短语bring about 引起，造成；实现bring back 拿回；使回忆起来bring down 使倒下；降低bring in挣得；介绍引进bring on 引起, 导致bring out 揭示，揭露bring .to light 揭露； 使了解到bring up 抚养；呕吐4. CALL短语call at+sp.拜访某地call on/upon +sb. 访问，拜访某人call for 要求；需要call in 召集；请来call off取消call up打电话；令人想起5. CARRY短语carry on 进行；进行下去carry out贯彻，执行carry through 顺利完

16、成，顺利实现6. COME短语come about 发生；造成come across偶遇come along 加油，快点；进展，进行come into effect(force)生效come into being 形成；产生come into power开始执政come on 快点come out 出来；出版；结果come around/round 恢复知觉；绕道而来come to oneself 苏醒过来come up 靠近；被提到；发生come up with 提出（主意，计划等）7. CUT短语cut down 砍倒；削减cut in （on）插嘴；插入cut off 切断； 断绝cut

17、 through 抄近路走过； 刺穿cut up 切碎8. GET短语get along/on(with) 融洽相处；进展get away 离开get down 击落；记下get down to 开始认真考虑get in到达；收获get off 下车；脱下get out 出去，离开；泄露get over克服get through 接通电话；用完；做完；通过get up 起床9. GIVE短语give away泄露；出卖give in让步，投降；交上give off 发出(蒸汽、液体、雾等)give out 分发；发出(气味、热等)；用尽，精疲力竭give up 放弃(念头、希望等)10. GO

18、短语go against 反对； 违反； 不利于go by (从旁)走过；顺便走访go down下降go in for 参加；爱好go off 离开；爆炸go over (对进行)仔细检查；润色；复习go through仔细检查；经历，经受；被通过go with伴随；与相配11. KEEP短语keep an eye on 注意；监视keep away from 不让接近keep back阻止；隐瞒keep down 镇压；保留keep in mind 记住keep in touch with与保持联系keep on 继续keep to 遵循；坚持keep .to oneself 对守口如瓶ke

19、ep up with跟上；不落后12. LOOK短语look after 照顾，照看look ahead 向前看；着眼未来look back 回头看；回顾look around 四处看look down upon 看不起；轻视look out 小心；当心look on 旁观；观望look into 调查look through 浏览；翻阅；仔细查看look up 查寻；向上看13. PUT短语put away 放好；储存put down写下；镇压put forward 提出；推举put off 推迟put on 穿上 put out 扑灭put up 举起；投宿；张贴put up with忍受

20、；容忍14. SET短语set about 开始，着手（后接名词、代词和动名词）set out 出发；开始；陈列set to 起劲地干起来；毅然开始做set aside 留出；不顾；撤销； 驳回set off (for) 出发,动身；使爆炸；引起；衬托set up 设立；竖立,架起；立业15. TAKE短语take after （在外貌或行为方面）酷似take along 随身带着 take away 取走take back收回take in吸收；理解；欺骗take off脱衣；起飞；广泛使用，大受欢迎take on 呈现；开始雇佣；从事take over 接收，接管take up占据；开始从

21、事；继续16. TURN短语turn away 把打发走；不让进入turn down调低；拒绝turn into 进入；(使)变成(主要指物质形态、性质等的转变)turn off 关掉turn on 开启turn out 关掉；证实；结果是；生产turn over 翻过来turn to转向；求助于turn up 调高；找到，发现；出现 1. The workers _ the glasses and marked on each box “This Side Up”.(2010全国)A. carried B. delivered C. pressed D. packed解析：选D。考查动词词义

22、辨析。句意为：工人们把玻璃制品包装好，并给每个箱子做上“此面向上”的标记。carry搬运；deliver递送；press按，压；pack给打包。2. My mother opened the drawer to _ the knives and spoons.(2010全国)A. put away B. put up C. put on D. put together解析：选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：我妈妈打开抽屉把刀子和勺子放好。put away把放好，收拾起来；put up举起;搭建;张贴;挂起；put on穿;戴上；put together把放在一起。3. No matter how

23、 low you consider yourself, there is always someone _ you wishing they were that high.(2010安徽)A. getting rid of B. getting along withC. looking up to D. looking down upon解析：选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：不管你认为自己多么不好，总会有人崇拜你，并希望能像你那样。get rid of摆脱；去除；get along with与相处；look up to尊敬；敬仰；look down upon看不起；轻视。4. How did

24、you like Nicks performance last night?To be honest, his singing didnt _ to me much.(2010安徽) A. appeal B. belong C. refer D. occur解析：选A。考查固定短语的用法。答语句意为：说实话，他的演唱并不怎么吸引我。appeal to吸引；belong to属于；refer to提到；涉及；occur to被想到。5. Weve just moved into a bigger house and theres a lot to do. Lets _ it.(2010福建)A.

25、 keep up with B. do away withC. get down to D. look forward to解析：选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：我们刚刚搬进一所大点的房子里，有许多事情要做，让我们开始做吧。get down to开始做，着手做。keep up with 赶上；do away with废除;去掉；look forward to期盼。6. In this day and age, women can have children and jobs as well. I cant agree more. Its great to have the two _.(201

26、0福建) A. linked B. related C. connected D. combined解析：选D。考查动词词义辨析。答语句意为：我非常赞同。让这两者结合真是太好了。have sth. done.使某事被做。link联系，连接；relate使互相关联；connect连接；combine结合，合并。 7. In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained _ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.(2010福建)A. sticking B. stuck C. to be stuck D. to have s

27、tuck解析：选B。考查非谓语动词的用法。remain作系动词意为“保持，继续”，后面要接名词、形容词或分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态。据此判断应该选择B项stuck。stuck表示“被卡住”，引申为“被滞留”。8. Duty is an act or a course of action that people _ you totake by social customs, law or religion.(2010湖北)A. persuade B. request C. instruct D. expect解析：选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意为：所谓职责，就是大家根据社会习俗、法律或者宗教信

28、仰期望你所采取的一种行动或行为方式。expect预料；期望；指望，符合句意。persuade说服，使某人相信；request礼貌地要求，请求；instruct命令；教授；指导。9. Just as the clothes a person wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time, his house _ his personality.(2010湖北)A. resembles B. strengthens C. reflects D. shapes解析：选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意为：对于一个人来

29、说，就像他的穿衣、吃饭以及与之度过时光的朋友一样，他的房子代表了他的个性。reflect反射；显示；反映，符合题意。resemble类似，像；strengthen加强；巩固；shape塑造，使成形；形成；使符合。10. Had she _ her promise, she would have made it to Yale University.(2010湖北)解析：选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：如果她遵守她的诺言，她就会成功进入耶鲁大学。look up to尊敬,仰望；live up to遵守；不辜负；keep with up赶上；come up with提出。11. Parents _

30、 much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.(2010江西) A. attach B. pay C. link D. apply解析：选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：父母都十分重视教育。他们会竭尽所能给他们的孩子们那种极其珍贵的礼物。attach importance to认为有重要性；pay付钱；link.to.把和连接在一起；apply.to.把应用于。12. Smell the flowers before you go to sleep

31、, and you may just _ sweet dreams.(2010江西)A. keep up with B. put up withC. end up with D. catch up with解析：选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：睡觉之前闻闻这些花，你就会进入甜美的梦乡。keep up with跟上； put up with忍受； end up with以为结束；catch up with赶上。13. Thousands of people _ to watch yesterdays match against Ireland.(2010辽宁)A. turned on B. tu

32、rned inC. turned around D. turned out解析：选D。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：结果显示有成千上万的人观看了昨天同爱尔兰队的比赛。turn out结果为；证明是；turn on打开；turn in上交,递交；turn around转身。14. The new movie _ to be one of the biggest money-makers of all time.(2010辽宁)A. promises B. agreesC. pretends D. declines 解析：选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意为：这部新电影有望成为电影票房史上票房最高的影片之一。promise许诺，答应；有的希望；agree同意，赞同；pretend假装；decline衰老，衰退。15. Sam _ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.(2010山东)A. brought up B. looked up C. picked upD. set up解析：选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：山姆只通过观察别人操作电脑就学到了一些电脑知识。pick up学会；捡起；顺车接送，搭载；收拾，整理；重新开始；获得；bring up抚养，教育；提出；呕吐；look