2021云南GRE考试考前冲刺卷

1、第 页2021云南GRE考试考前冲刺卷本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1. Some animal behaviorists argue that certain animals can remember past events,anticipate future ones, make plans and choices, and coordinate activities within a group. These scientists, however, are cautio

2、us about the extent to which animalscan be credited with conscious processing.(5) Explanations of animal behavior that leave out any sort of consciousness at all and ascribe actions entirely to instinct leave many questions unanswered. One example of such unexplained behavior: Honeybees communicate

3、the sources of nectar to one another by doing a dance in a figure-eight pattern. The orientation of the dance conveys the position of the food relative to the suns position in the sky,(10)and the speed of the dance tells how far the food source is from the hive. Most researchers assume that the abil

4、ity to perform and encode the dance is innate and shows no special intelligence. But in one study, when experimenters kept changing the site of the food source, each time moving the food 25 percent farther from the previous site, foraging honeybees began to anticipate where the food source would(15)

5、appear next. When the researchers arrived at the new location, they would find the bees circling the spot, waiting for their food. No one has yet explained how bees,whose brains weigh four ten-thousandths of an ounce, could have inferred the location of the new site. Other behaviors that may indicat

6、e some cognition include tool use. Many(20)animals, like the otter who uses a stone to crack mussel shells, are capable of using objects in thenatural environment as rudimentary tools. One researcher has found that mother chimpanzeesoccasionally show their young how to use tools to open hard nuts. I

7、n one study, chimpanzeescompared two pairs of food wells containing chocolate chips. One pair might contain, say, fivechips and three chips, the other(25)our chips and three chips. Allowed to choose which pair they wanted, thechimpanzees almost always chose the one with the higher total, showing som

8、e sort of summingability. Other chimpanzees have learned to use numerals to label quantities of items and do simple sums.The word rudimentary in line 21 is closest in meaning toAsuperiorBoriginalCbasicDtechnical 2. Some animal behaviorists argue that certain animals can remember past events,anticipa

9、te future ones, make plans and choices, and coordinate activities within a group. These scientists, however, are cautious about the extent to which animalscan be credited with conscious processing.(5) Explanations of animal behavior that leave out any sort of consciousness at all and ascribe actions

10、 entirely to instinct leave many questions unanswered. One example of such unexplained behavior: Honeybees communicate the sources of nectar to one another by doing a dance in a figure-eight pattern. The orientation of the dance conveys the position of the food relative to the suns position in the s

11、ky,(10)and the speed of the dance tells how far the food source is from the hive. Most researchers assume that the ability to perform and encode the dance is innate and shows no special intelligence. But in one study, when experimenters kept changing the site of the food source, each time moving the

12、 food 25 percent farther from the previous site, foraging honeybees began to anticipate where the food source would(15)appear next. When the researchers arrived at the new location, they would find the bees circling the spot, waiting for their food. No one has yet explained how bees,whose brains wei

13、gh four ten-thousandths of an ounce, could have inferred the location of the new site. Other behaviors that may indicate some cognition include tool use. Many(20)animals, like the otter who uses a stone to crack mussel shells, are capable of using objects in thenatural environment as rudimentary too

14、ls. One researcher has found that mother chimpanzeesoccasionally show their young how to use tools to open hard nuts. In one study, chimpanzeescompared two pairs of food wells containing chocolate chips. One pair might contain, say, fivechips and three chips, the other(25)our chips and three chips.

15、Allowed to choose which pair they wanted, thechimpanzees almost always chose the one with the higher total, showing some sort of summingability. Other chimpanzees have learned to use numerals to label quantities of items and do simple sums.It can be inferred from the statement about mother chimpanze

16、es and their young (lines 21-23) that young chimpanzees have difficultyAcommunicating with their mothersBadding quantitiesCmaking choicesDopening hard nuts 3. In eighteenth-century colonial America, flowers and fruit were typically the province of thebotanical artist interested in scientific illustr

17、ation rather than being the subjects of fine art.Early in the nineteenth century, however, the Peale family of Philadelphia established the stilllife, a pictureconsisting mainly of inanimate(5) objects, as a valuable part of the artists repertoire. The fruit paintings by James and Sarah MiriamPeale

18、are simple arrangements of a few objects, handsomely colored, small in size, and representing littlemore than what they are. In contrast were the highly symbolic, complex compositions by Charles BirdKing, with their biting satire and critical social commentary. Each of these strains comminuted into

19、and(10)well past mid-century. John F. Francis (1808-86) was a part of the Pennsylvania still-life traditionthat arose, at least in part, from the work of the Peales. Most of his still lifes date from around 1850 to1875. Luncheon Still Life looks like one of the Peales pieces on a larger scale, kits

20、greater complexityresulting from the number of objects. It is also(15)indebted to the luncheon type of still life found in seventeenth-century Dutch painting. The openedbottles of wine and the glasses of wine partially consumed suggest a number of unseen guests. Theappeal of the fruit and nuts to ou

21、r sense of taste is heightened by the juicy orange, which has alreadybeen sliced. The arrangement is additive, that is, made up of many different parts, not always(20)compositionally integrated, with all objects of essentially equal importance. About 1848, SeverinRoesen came to the United States fro

22、m Germany and settled in New York City, where he began topaint large, lush still lifes of flowers, fruit, or both, often measuring over four feet across. Still Lifewith Fruit and Champagne is typical in its brilliance of color, meticulous rendering of detail,(25)compact composition, and unabashed ab

23、undance. Rich in symbolic overtones, the beautifullypainted objects carry additional meanings butterflies or fallen buds suggest the impermanence oflife, a birds nest with eggs means fertility, and so on. Above all, Roesens art expresses the abundancethat America symbolized to many of its citizens.W

24、hich of the following is mentioned as the dominant theme in Roesens paintingAFertilityBFreedomCImpermanenceDAbundance 4. Scientists have discovered that for the last 160,000 years, at least, there has been a consistent relationship between the amount of carbon dioxide in the air and the average temp

25、erature of the planet. The importance of carbon dioxide in regulating the Earths temperature was confirmed by scientists working in eastern(5) Antarctica. Drilling down into a glacier, they extracted a mile-long cylinder of ice from the hole. The glacier had formed as layer upon layer of snow accumu

26、lated year after year. Thus drilling into the ice was tantamount to drilling back through time. The deepest sections of the core are composed of water that fell as snow 160,000 years ago. Scientists in Grenoble, France, fractured portions of the core and temperature and of atmospheric(10)measured th

27、e composition of ancient air released from bubbles in the ice. Instruments were used to measure the ratio of certain isotopes in the frozen water to get an idea of the prevailing atmospheric temperature at the time when that particular bit of water became locked in the glacier. The result is a remar

28、kable unbroken record of (15)levels of carbon dioxide. Almost every time the chill of an ice age descended on the planet, carbondioxide levels dropped. When the global temperature dropped 9F (5), carbon dioxide levelsdropped to 190 parts per million or so. Generally, as each ice age ended and the Ea

29、rth basked in awarm interglacial period, carbon dioxide levels were around 280 parts per million. Through the160,000 years of that ice(20)record, the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere fluctuated between 190 and 280 parts permillion, but never rose much higher-until the industrial Revolution

30、beginning in the eighteenthcentury and continuing today. There is indirect evidence that the link between carbon dioxide levelsand global temperature change goes back much further than the glacial record. Carbon(25)dioxide levels may have been much greater than the current concentration during the C

31、arboniferousperiod. 360 to 285 million years ago. The period was named for aprofusion of plant life whoseburied remains produced a large fraction of the coal deposits that am being brought to the surfaceand burned today.The passage implies that the warmest temperatures among the periods mentioned oc

32、curredAin the early eighteenth centuryB160,000 years agoCat the end of each ice ageDbetween 360 and 285 million years ago 5. Some animal behaviorists argue that certain animals can remember past events,anticipate future ones, make plans and choices, and coordinate activities within a group. These sc

33、ientists, however, are cautious about the extent to which animalscan be credited with conscious processing.(5) Explanations of animal behavior that leave out any sort of consciousness at all and ascribe actions entirely to instinct leave many questions unanswered. One example of such unexplained beh

34、avior: Honeybees communicate the sources of nectar to one another by doing a dance in a figure-eight pattern. The orientation of the dance conveys the position of the food relative to the suns position in the sky,(10)and the speed of the dance tells how far the food source is from the hive. Most res

35、earchers assume that the ability to perform and encode the dance is innate and shows no special intelligence. But in one study, when experimenters kept changing the site of the food source, each time moving the food 25 percent farther from the previous site, foraging honeybees began to anticipate wh

36、ere the food source would(15)appear next. When the researchers arrived at the new location, they would find the bees circling the spot, waiting for their food. No one has yet explained how bees,whose brains weigh four ten-thousandths of an ounce, could have inferred the location of the new site. Oth

37、er behaviors that may indicate some cognition include tool use. Many(20)animals, like the otter who uses a stone to crack mussel shells, are capable of using objects in thenatural environment as rudimentary tools. One researcher has found that mother chimpanzeesoccasionally show their young how to u

38、se tools to open hard nuts. In one study, chimpanzeescompared two pairs of food wells containing chocolate chips. One pair might contain, say, fivechips and three chips, the other(25)our chips and three chips. Allowed to choose which pair they wanted, thechimpanzees almost always chose the one with

39、the higher total, showing some sort of summingability. Other chimpanzees have learned to use numerals to label quantities of items and do simple sums.The phrase the one in line 26 refers to theAstudyBpairCchimpanzeeDability 6. Scientists have discovered that for the last 160,000 years, at least, the

40、re has been a consistent relationship between the amount of carbon dioxide in the air and the average temperature of the planet. The importance of carbon dioxide in regulating the Earths temperature was confirmed by scientists working in eastern(5) Antarctica. Drilling down into a glacier, they extr

41、acted a mile-long cylinder of ice from the hole. The glacier had formed as layer upon layer of snow accumulated year after year. Thus drilling into the ice was tantamount to drilling back through time. The deepest sections of the core are composed of water that fell as snow 160,000 years ago. Scient

42、ists in Grenoble, France, fractured portions of the core and temperature and of atmospheric(10)measured the composition of ancient air released from bubbles in the ice. Instruments were used to measure the ratio of certain isotopes in the frozen water to get an idea of the prevailing atmospheric tem

43、perature at the time when that particular bit of water became locked in the glacier. The result is a remarkable unbroken record of (15)levels of carbon dioxide. Almost every time the chill of an ice age descended on the planet, carbondioxide levels dropped. When the global temperature dropped 9F (5)

44、, carbon dioxide levelsdropped to 190 parts per million or so. Generally, as each ice age ended and the Earth basked in awarm interglacial period, carbon dioxide levels were around 280 parts per million. Through the160,000 years of that ice(20)record, the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere fl

45、uctuated between 190 and 280 parts permillion, but never rose much higher-until the industrial Revolution beginning in the eighteenthcentury and continuing today. There is indirect evidence that the link between carbon dioxide levelsand global temperature change goes back much further than the glaci

46、al record. Carbon(25)dioxide levels may have been much greater than the current concentration during the Carboniferousperiod. 360 to 285 million years ago. The period was named for aprofusion of plant life whoseburied remains produced a large fraction of the coal deposits that am being brought to th

47、e surfaceand burned today.According to the passage, the Carboniferous period was characterized byAa reduction in the number of coal depositsBthe burning of a large amount of coalCan abundance of plantsDan accelerated rate of glacier formation 7. Some animal behaviorists argue that certain animals ca

48、n remember past events,anticipate future ones, make plans and choices, and coordinate activities within a group. These scientists, however, are cautious about the extent to which animalscan be credited with conscious processing.(5) Explanations of animal behavior that leave out any sort of conscious

49、ness at all and ascribe actions entirely to instinct leave many questions unanswered. One example of such unexplained behavior: Honeybees communicate the sources of nectar to one another by doing a dance in a figure-eight pattern. The orientation of the dance conveys the position of the food relativ

50、e to the suns position in the sky,(10)and the speed of the dance tells how far the food source is from the hive. Most researchers assume that the ability to perform and encode the dance is innate and shows no special intelligence. But in one study, when experimenters kept changing the site of the fo

51、od source, each time moving the food 25 percent farther from the previous site, foraging honeybees began to anticipate where the food source would(15)appear next. When the researchers arrived at the new location, they would find the bees circling the spot, waiting for their food. No one has yet expl

52、ained how bees,whose brains weigh four ten-thousandths of an ounce, could have inferred the location of the new site. Other behaviors that may indicate some cognition include tool use. Many(20)animals, like the otter who uses a stone to crack mussel shells, are capable of using objects in thenatural

53、 environment as rudimentary tools. One researcher has found that mother chimpanzeesoccasionally show their young how to use tools to open hard nuts. In one study, chimpanzeescompared two pairs of food wells containing chocolate chips. One pair might contain, say, fivechips and three chips, the other

54、(25)our chips and three chips. Allowed to choose which pair they wanted, thechimpanzees almost always chose the one with the higher total, showing some sort of summingability. Other chimpanzees have learned to use numerals to label quantities of items and do simple sums.Scientists concluded from the

55、 experiment with chimpanzees and chocolate chips that chimpanzeesAlack abilities that other primates haveBprefer to work in pairs or groupsCexhibit behavior that indicates certain mathematical abilitiesDhave difficulty selecting when given choices 8. Scientists have discovered that for the last 160,

56、000 years, at least, there has been a consistent relationship between the amount of carbon dioxide in the air and the average temperature of the planet. The importance of carbon dioxide in regulating the Earths temperature was confirmed by scientists working in eastern(5) Antarctica. Drilling down i

57、nto a glacier, they extracted a mile-long cylinder of ice from the hole. The glacier had formed as layer upon layer of snow accumulated year after year. Thus drilling into the ice was tantamount to drilling back through time. The deepest sections of the core are composed of water that fell as snow 1

58、60,000 years ago. Scientists in Grenoble, France, fractured portions of the core and temperature and of atmospheric(10)measured the composition of ancient air released from bubbles in the ice. Instruments were used to measure the ratio of certain isotopes in the frozen water to get an idea of the pr

59、evailing atmospheric temperature at the time when that particular bit of water became locked in the glacier. The result is a remarkable unbroken record of (15)levels of carbon dioxide. Almost every time the chill of an ice age descended on the planet, carbondioxide levels dropped. When the global te

60、mperature dropped 9F (5), carbon dioxide levelsdropped to 190 parts per million or so. Generally, as each ice age ended and the Earth basked in awarm interglacial period, carbon dioxide levels were around 280 parts per million. Through the160,000 years of that ice(20)record, the level of carbon diox