【精品】2022届高考英语二轮复习非谓语动词导学案VIP

1、2022届高考英语二轮复习：非谓语动词 导学案非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语，综合这两点，我 们将其叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词常见形式：todo、v-ing和done。其中，每种形式按 照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。具体如下：不定式to do基本形式：t。do （表示主动，并且一般表示将来）被动式：to be done （表示被动，并且一般表示将来）进行式：to be doing （表示主动和进行）一、举例子1. The teacher told us1. The teacher told us（do） morning exercises .老师让我们做早操

2、。（做补语）The car（buy） is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。（做定语）She pretended（read） when the teacher came into the classroom.（做宾语） 老师进来时，她假装正在读书。二、不定式在高考中的考点(2020全I 卷)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments on board Change-466(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.(2016 全国卷 III)Skille

3、d workers also combine various hardwoods andmetal 63 (create) special designs.(2015 全国卷 II)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 66 (cool) the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night.(2019 全国卷 I)Modern methods of tracki

4、ng polar bear populations have been employed onlysince the mid-1980s, and are expensive 64 (perform) consistently over a large area.(2020 全国 HI 卷)The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67. (find) thewell-known painter.(2021 年全国甲卷)Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足)andacco

5、mmodations aim 70(2018 全国卷 III)Once his message(have) a low impact on the natural environment.was delivered, he allowed me 70 (stay) and8.9.10.watch.(2021 年全国乙卷)It is possible 43(walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.(2019 全II)Picking up her Lifetime Achievement award, proud Irene declared she had

6、noplans 65(retire) from her 36-year-old business.Our country has become the first country in the world(land) a spaceship on the far side of the moon successfully.总结:以上的考点是考非谓语中的,常考点如下1、,如1-2题（10年考查4次）2、，如 3-4注意：只接不定式（不能接动名词）作宾语的25个常用动词afford agree choose ask decide demand determine expect、 fail （未能做

7、 至I）、help hope learn manage dare offer（提出）、plan prepare pretend promise refuse、want wish would like afford arrange （划线的为重点的词）为了方便记忆，现编口诀如下供参考：提出 计划 遭拒绝，期待 敢于 来帮助;学会 选 择 和注定，想要 准备 未做到；容许 要求 莫假装，决心设法 付得起；同意 容许 有希望；（破釜沉舟要自强）二、v-ing基本形式：doing （表示主动和进行）被动式：being done （表示被动和进行） 一、举例子（travel） in space by o

8、rdinary people will be common in the future.（做主语） 在未来，普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。Freddy and his band could go nowhere without（follow） by their fans.Freddy和他的乐队到哪里都被他们的粉丝跟着。（做介词宾语）He sat there,（read） a newspaper.他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。（伴随状语） 4. The area（study） may be rich in coal.这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。二、doing在高考中的考点（2021 年全国乙

9、卷）After 44（spend） some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and.（2021 年全国甲卷）Minimize the impact of 67（visit） the place.（2019 全国卷 I）Scientists have responded by 67 （note） that hungry bears may be congregating （聚集）around human settlements, lea

10、ding to the illusion （错觉）that populations are higher than they actually are.（2017 全国卷 II）This included digging up the road, 63 （lay） the track and then building a strong roof over the top.（2016 全国卷 I）My ambassadorial duties will include 67 （introduce） British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Cheng

11、du and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.（2017 全国卷 II）But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 6j （rest）.（2020 全国 HI 卷）And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds69.（surround） the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.

12、（2019全国卷 III）On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, 70 （listen） to musicians and meeting interesting locals.（2015 全国卷 I）Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges qu

13、ick gateways here for people 70（live） in Shanghai and Hong Kong.（2018 全国卷 H）Chinas approach to protecting its environment while 70（feed） its citizens ofYers useful lessons fbr agriculture and food policymakers worldwidesays the banks Juergen Voegele.总结：以上的考点是考非谓语中的，常考点如下1、，如 1-3 题2、，如 4-6 题3、，如 7-94

14、、，如 10注意：（1）只接动名词（不能接不定式）作宾语的28个常用动词practice consider、enjoy finish give up、imagine keep put off 推迟、risk 冒险、 suggest admit advise allow appreciate avoid 防止、delay 推迟、deny 否认、discuss dislike escape excuse、fancy forbid mention mind miss permit（2）在介词后一般用动名词，下面是一些含固定句式（其中有的介词有时会被省略）: prevent /stop /keep.

15、from doing （阻止做）；spend /waste time or money in doing （在做方面花费/浪费时间或金钱）；How /What about doing sth（做怎么样？ ）； have somedifficulty/trouble in doing （在做 方面有些困难）；have a hard time in doing sth（做某事很 艰难）；there is no sense/good in doing（做 是没有理由/道理的）；thank /excuse /admire /praise /blame /scold /punish sb for doi

16、ng sth（因做某事而感谢/原谅/羡慕/表扬/责备/责骂/惩 罚某人）等。（3） to是介词的固定词组很多，常见的有：look forward to（盼望），devote.to /be devoted to（致力于），be/get used to（习惯），lead to（导致）,get down to（开始认真），pay attention to（注 意）refer to（谈到）,point to（指向），turn to（转向）,object to（反对）,equal to（等于,能胜任）, belong to（属于）等。三、过去分词：done及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成；不及物动词的过

17、去分词表示主动或完成。一、举例子（give） more time, I can do my work better.（作状语）如果再被多给些时间，我会把工作做得更好。I found my watch（stole）.（做宾补）我发现我的手表被偷了。二、done在高考中的考点（2021 全国甲卷）It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 61（educate） about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions

18、and cultural characteristics, and.（2021 全国 I 卷）But thats how nature is always leaving us 60 （astonish）.（2020 全国 H 卷）They make great gifs and you see them many times 65 （decorate） with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.（2015 全国 I 卷）A study of travelers 68 （conduct） by the website Trip Adviso

19、r names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.（2015 全国卷 II）The adobe dwellings （土坯房） 61 （build） by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.总结：以上的考点是考非谓语中的done的考点，解题方法如下：1、根据中文意思找非谓语的逻辑主语（通常是前面的名词或者是句子的主语）2、判断逻辑主语与

20、非谓语是否表示被动非谓语动词在语法填空中的解题方法：当括号内所给词为动词时，首先要看句中是否已有谓语, 如果有了，空格前又没有并列连词，那就是非谓语动词，这时，就要考虑用哪种形式（1）是否作介词的宾语（2）是否是固定搭配，或者固定句式（3）是否是不定式作目的状语（4）以上都不是的话，就找逻辑主语，判断主动还是被动四、作文应用一、非谓语动词与读后续写非谓语动词在写作中什么时候用？（当一个句子有2个动词时，2个动作主语都是同一个人, 可以考虑一个动词做谓语：句子中重点意思的动词做谓语，另外一个动词做非谓语）1、我图道你对艺术展有兴趣，所以我专这封信邀请你参加。同一主语“我。2个动作“知道” + “

21、写。Knowing that you are interested in the art show, I am writing this letter to invite you to join us.2、她站在那里，（她）想知道发生什么事情了？3、（2021年全国I卷读后续写）（妈妈）看到他们做的早餐，妈妈笑了。4、（2017年浙江卷）Jane想到她可能让Peter失望了，她情不自禁啜泣。（sob）总结：以上的句式通常可以用在“某人想到/听到/看到/意识到什么，某人会怎样？”常用于 读后续写thinking that/hearing that/seeing/realizing that, s

22、b did.2、She stood there, wondering what happened.3、Seeing the breakfast made by them, Mum smiled.4、Thinking that Jane would let Peter down, she couldnt help sobbing.二、非谓语动词做状语与状语从句的互换When they heard the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai.（时间状语从句）=Hearir? the news, they immediately set off f

23、or Shanghai.在含有状语从句的主从复句中，可将状从转化为分词的形式，具体步骤如下：步骤一：去掉连词，有时候连词也可以保存步骤二：看主语。假设从句主语与主句一致，可去掉从句主语；假设从句主语与主句不一致，那么 保存从句主语（独立主格）。步骤三：变动词。有be动词去掉be动词；没be动词，看从句中的动词与主语之间的关系， 主动进行-ing,被动完成-ed。1、 While he was having breakfast,he went through the papers.（改为非谓语） 2、If you work hard, youll succeed.（改为非谓语） 3、 Altho

24、ugh he lacked money, he managed to borrow money and bought the phone. （改为非谓语）4、Given more time, I can finish the work.（改为条件状语从句）5、 When asked why he walked in without permission, he just stared at us and said nothing. （改为时 间状语从句）五、其它疑难点一、with 的复合结构（with+n/代词+to do, doing, done, adj, adv,介词短语）这种结构在句中

25、起形容词或副词的作用，因而可以作定语或状语等。with后接副词、形容词或介词短语常表示状态，句中作伴随状语；接过去分词含动宾关 系，句中作原因状语；接现在分词含主谓关系，表示动作同时进行，句中作伴随状语，说明情 况；接不定式表示动作在谓语动作之后发生，在句中作原因状语。解题技巧：学会找宾补和宾语之间表主动、被动或将来即可1、With a lot of work（do）, I can not go out with my sister.（复合结构表原因）2、With a lot of work（do）, I can go home now.（复合结构表原因）3、All the afternoon

26、 he worked with the door（lock）（复合结构表伴随）4、They pretended to be working hard all night with their lights(burn)(复合结构表伴随)5、(2021年浙江卷读后续写)我没有选择，只好保持静止，闭上眼睛。(have no choice but to/keep still)二、几个使役动词和感官动词的考点(make, have, let, hear, see, etc )1、1) Clarlie had her luggage(check) an hour before her plane left

27、.Til have my radio tomorrow. ( repair )I saw him down by a bicycle just now(knock).补足语跟宾语间为被动关系，用过去分词2、4) She had her son the work alone, (do)I saw him at the door yesterday.(knock)I have a lot of work tomorrow, (do)The workers made some machines the work for farmers, (do)补足语跟宾语间为主动关系，用不定式，省t。；不是使役动

28、词时，不具有此用法。8) She had her son the work all night long. (do)I saw him at the door this time yesterday. ( knock)补足语跟宾语间为主动关系，且表示进行或持续状态，用现在分词10) We were made the report soon after the meeting, (know)He was seen at the door, (knock)The report was made soon after the meeting, (know) 使役动词或感官动词用于被动语态时，不定式符

29、号to不能省略。三、既可接不定式也可接动名词，但含义完全不同的8个动词remember to do sth.记住要做某事(未做)remember doing sth.记得做过某事(已做) forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(未做)forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(己做) regret to do sth.遗憾要做某事(未做)regret doing sth.后悔/抱歉做过某事(已做) try to do sth.努力做某事 try doing sth.尝试做某事mean to do sth.计划做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事can,t help t

30、o do sth.不能帮助做某事 cant help doing sth.情不自禁做某事go on to do sth,继续做另一件事 go on doing sth.继续做同一件事stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事 stop doing sth.停下正在做的事情非谓语动词答案一、to do一、举例子 1. to do 2. to be bought 3. to be reading二、不定式在高考中的考点：考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。 此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填t。findoto create根据句意可知

31、，这里用不定式表目的，故填to create。to cool 该句为 “be + adj + enough +to do sth” 结构，故填 to cool oto perform 该句为 “be +形容词+ to do” 结构，主语methods与谓语动词perform为 被动关系，但需用不定式的主动式作状语。to find考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合 句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.,后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to findo 6. to have, aim to do sthto stay allow s

32、b to do sth是固定结构，意为“允许某人做某事”，因此应填to stay。to walk, it为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式to retire名词plan后接不定式作后置定语。to land总结：以上的考点是考非谓语中的to do,常考点如下1、不定式表目的状语-2题(10年考查4次)2、be + adj + ( enough ) +to do sth/z 结构，如 3-43、考查to do的固定搭配，如5-74、it为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式，如85、不定式做定语：(1)不定式放在某些名词后被修饰的词是抽象名词时, 用不定式作定后置定语，常见的名词如 下：ability/cha

33、nce/hope/wish/fact/excuse/promise/attempt/way/effort, 9(2)名词前有序数词、first、last等修饰时，要用动词不定式作后置定语，如10二、doing一、举例子答案：1. Travelling 2. being followed 3.reading 4. being studied二、不定式在高考中的考点：spending,介词后用spend的动词-ing形式，spend作宾语。visiting, 介词后用visit的动词-ing形式，visit作宾语。noting介词后用note的动词-ing形式noting作宾语。laying 63

34、(lay) the track 和上文的 digging up the road 及下文的 buildinga strong roof .是并列结构，因此用roducing include 后面跟动词-ing 形式作宾语，故填 introducingoresting spend+ 一段时间 + doing sth 是固定结构，故填 restingosurrounding考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了 眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops 是独立 主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故 应用现在分词。故填surroundingolistening 主语we与listen之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式作状语。living 被修饰的名词与live之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式作后置定语。feeding when / while +现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于when / while引导的时间状语从 句。以上的考点是考非谓语中的doing,常考点如下1、doing（动名词）作介词的宾语，如1-3题（6年高考中考了 6