外国建筑史专题二 曲线的最后回响

1、 曲线的最后回响：高迪与霍塔 A. Gaudi & V. Horta: The Last Call of CurveAntonio Gaud 1852-1926西班牙建筑师，他的名字与巴塞罗那紧紧相连。Gods architectThe Dante of ArchitectureVictor Horta 1861-1947 比利时建筑师undoubtedly the key European Art Nouveau architect. 那些长长的、敏感的曲线，那些让人忆起百合柔茎、昆虫触角、花朵蕊丝、偶或细长火苗的曲线，那些起伏流动、相互缠绕、萌生于一角而无拘地蔓延到四面的曲线 尼古拉斯佩夫

2、斯纳 the long, sensitive curve, reminiscent of the lilys stem, an insects feeler, the filament of blossom, or occasionally a slender flame, the curve undulating, flowing, and interplaying with the others, sprouting from the corners and covering asymmetrically all available surfaces Nicolas PevsnerANTO

3、NIO GAUDI高迪建筑中的曲线梵高（1853-1890）星夜 高迪 巴特约之家高迪其人，以及加泰罗尼亚 建筑的崇高性， 来源于同其自身目的的高度契合， 而这些目的会随不同的气候、 土地和民族习俗而变化。 约翰拉斯金，1853The nobility of eachbuilding depends onits special fitness for itsown purpose; andthese purposes vary with every climate,every soil, and everynational customJohn Ruskin，1853Antonio Gaud

4、, his face1878188819101924San Felipe Neri en la consagracin de la Santa Misa,1902Joan Llimona (1860-1926)His story1852，born in Riudoms, Catalonia, Antoni Plcid Guillem Gaud i Cornet 五个小孩（两个未能成年）中最小的一个。 nursery school 幼年健康不太好，风湿病1868，搬到巴塞罗那，喜欢空想社会主义1875-1878服兵役，因为健康差而不必上前线 1878毕业，the Llotja School an

5、d the Barcelona Higher School of Architecture，获得建筑师头衔。学习成绩不大好，老师的评语： We have given this academic title either to a fool or a genius. Time will show.His works student worksHis story1878年的方案深受EusebiGelliBacigalupi (1846-1918)喜爱， Gell从此成为Gaudi的赞助人 1879年，加入the Centre Excursionista de Catalunya，经常骑马或远足18

6、82年开始，接手Francesco del Villar设计圣家族教堂。 1899年 ，Saint Luke artistic circle成员忙碌的建筑设计生涯，做着无人喝彩的作品。1926年，死于车祸终身未婚。圣家族教堂 Sagrade Familia, Barcelona, 1882-维森斯公寓 Casa Vicens, Barcelona, 1883-1888古埃尔公园 Parc Gell, Barcelona, 1883-1888古埃尔酒厂 Bodegas Gell, Sitges, 1895-97米拉公寓Casa Mil, Barcelona, 1905-1907科洛尼亚古埃尔教堂

7、 Church of Colnia Gell, Barcelona, 1908-1914巴特约之家Casa Batll, Barcelona, 1904-1906魅力酒店Hotel Attaction,New York, 1908古埃尔宫 Palau Gell, Barcelona, 1883-1888His works Orientalist PeriodCasa Vicens (188388) El Capricho (188385) Gell Pavilions (188487) Palau Gell (188688) Compaa Trasatlntica (1888)His work

8、s Neo-Gothic PeriodColegi de les Teresianes (188889) Episcopal Palace (1889-93) Casa Botines (1891-94), LeonBodegues Gell (1895-97) Torre Bellesguard (1900-09)Franciscan Mission of Tangiers,1892His works Naturalist Period Casa Calvert I Casa BatlloHis works Naturalist PeriodRosary of Montserrat Park

9、 Gell Gate, Park GellMuch of Gauds work was marked by the four passions of his life: architecture,nature, religion, andhis love for Catalonia.高迪的几座建筑Parc Gell, 1883-1888 古埃尔公园的蜿蜒景致给人一个干涸的海底世界的印象被消退的海洋遗留在高处，到处都是沉淀的珊瑚。Casa Batllo, 1904-1906 Casa Mila, 1905-1907.The Colonia Gell, 1908-1915. The Colonia

10、 Gell, 1908-1915 Original Sketch悬链线Hotel Attraction, New York,1908the Cathedral of the Sagrade FamiliaBarcelona, 1882- on going圣家族教堂the Cathedral of the Sagrade Familia借鉴了哥特式教堂的平面和结构技术、造型风格。My good friends are dead; I have no family and no clients, no fortune nor anything. Now I can dedicate myself

11、entirely to the Church. Antonio Gaud高迪的形式来源戈埃尔公园 巴塞罗那圣乔赛普市场内摆卖的蔬菜戈埃尔公园的蜥蜴喷泉 蜥蜴圣家堂塔楼 海星巴特娄公寓外立面阳台 霸王龙骨骼化石巴特娄公寓外立面阳台 霸王龙骨骼化石米拉公寓高迪博物馆内的蛇骨标本 巴特娄公寓楼梯扶手米拉公寓天台通风井 古罗马角斗士扮演者圣家堂楼梯俯视 鹦鹉螺壳圣家堂天顶 海胆内骨骼The Tower Look at the tops! Is it not true that it seems to unite Heaven and Earth? This burst of mosaics is th

12、e first thing that sailors will see when approaching Barcelona; it will be a radiant welcome.以五颜六色的威尼斯马赛克装饰的塔顶When I went to take the measurements of the site, it was totally covered in yellow flowers, which I adopted as the ornamental theme for the ceramic work.花Flowers 花Flowers 维森斯公寓Casa Vicens以万寿

13、菊（金盏花草）作为装饰主题花Flowers 以带有向日葵以及向日葵叶子的瓷砖来装饰建筑外墙花Flowers 棕榈树叶Palm tree leaf I also found there an exuberant European fan palm tree, whose leaves, cast in iron, fill the squares featured on the railings, and the entrance gate of the house.棕榈树叶Palm tree leaf 蒲葵叶蒲葵叶模型棕榈树叶Palm tree leaf 十字架Cross Lluis Bone

14、t I Gali描绘的钟楼顶部，以此献给耶稣十字架Cross Casa Bellesguard顶部Casa Batllo顶部高迪研究了生长在教堂周围的植物，并将其作为模型应用在圣家族大教堂的顶部Apse of the temple of the Sagrada Familia Apse of the temple of the Sagrada Familia Apse of the temple of the Sagrada Familia 螺旋线Spiral helices 高迪手绘的西番莲果分支，在画作的底部我们能看到“耶稣”字样的变形螺旋线Spiral helices 西番莲果蔓卷成螺旋

15、状多边形Polygonal shapes 六角形蜂巢多边形Polygonal shapes 螺旋运动Spiral movements 加泰罗尼亚拱 圆锥曲线Conical Curves 圆锥曲线Conical Curves 双曲面One - Leaf Hyperboloid 双曲面One - Leaf Hyperboloid 双曲抛物面The Hyperbolic Paraboloid 双曲抛物面The Hyperbolic Paraboloid 对理想柱式的追求The quest for the ideal column 如同大森林的教堂内部The inside of the Temple

16、is like a huge forest 如同大森林的教堂内部The inside of the Temple is like a huge forest 教堂的主要柱子Capital of the column in the Central Nave 对生结晶体Twinned crystalls 高迪对后世的影响经常和警察冲突。流浪汉一样死去。举城大葬。高迪的职业精神。现代建筑的探索者？后现代的鼻祖？城市的财富。 许多年以后，查尔斯詹克斯在后现代建筑语言一书中，声称高迪是后现代主义建筑的鼻祖。 而在西班牙，高迪被认为是现代建筑的先驱。 高迪极端的独创性和特异性表明他只是“新艺术运动”理想的

17、一个松散成员。事实上，建筑学中的一个风格阶段是共享表现母题、表达方式和思想主题的一个宽阔平台，其中可能出现多种多样的个人风格。高迪执著地探索着加泰罗尼亚的“地区”风格，理解了当地的结构类型和砖、陶瓷的建造技术，诗意地呼应了地中海沿岸的地景植被以及巴塞罗那的滨海特征和传统。同时，高迪笃信宗教，坚信建筑的物质特性必须是精神秩序的外在显现。高迪的多处作品已经被列入世界遗产名录。World Heritage status by UNESCO:the Park Gell, the Palau Gell, the Casa Mil(1984);the Nativity facade, the crypt

18、and the apse of the Sagrada Famlia, the Casa Vicensthe Casa Batll in Barcelona, the crypt of the Colnia Gell in Santa Coloma de Cervell (2005)The declaration of Gauds works as World Heritage aims to recognise his outstanding universal value. According to the citation:*The work of Antoni Gaud represents an exceptional and outstanding creative contribution to the development of architecture and building technology in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Gauds work exhibits an important interchange of values closely associated with the cultural and artistic currents of his time, as r