黑龙江省鸡西市第一中学2019-2020学年高二英语下学期期末考试试题含解析

1、黑龙江省鸡西市第一中学2019_2020学年高二英语下学期期末考试试题含解析黑龙江省鸡西市第一中学2019_2020学年高二英语下学期期末考试试题含解析PAGE PAGE - 55 -黑龙江省鸡西市第一中学2019_2020学年高二英语下学期期末考试试题含解析黑龙江省鸡西市第一中学20192020学年高二英语下学期期末考试试题(含解析）第一部分单项选择1. Hello， could I speak to Mr。 Smith？- Sorry, wrong number. There isnt_ Mr. Smith here.A。 不填B. aC。 theD. one【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查

2、冠词的特殊用法。句意：你好，我能和史密斯先生通话吗？你打错电话了,这里没有一个叫Mr。Smith的人.人的姓名前加不定冠词，表示某一个 “叫的人”。根据语境可知，本句中是表示“某一位叫Mr. Smith的人”,其前可用不定冠词a。故选B。2.How could you _ such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months？A。 turn offB。 turn inC. turn downD。 turn to【答案】C【解析】【详解】本题考查动词短语辨析。解题步骤：1。确定各项意思：A。 turn off 关掉；B 。

3、turn in上交；C. turn down拒绝，调低；D turn to. 转向，向求助。2。确定答案：根据“such a fantastic job”可知,你都失业好几个月了，你怎么还会拒绝这么好的一份工作。句意：你都失业好几个月了，你怎么还会拒绝这么好的一份工作。故选C3.- I havent met anyone else here who can speak better French than you。- Actually, I _ in France for almost ten years。A. livedB. liveC. had livedD. have lived【答案】

4、A【解析】【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：我从来没有遇到过比你说的法语更好的人。确实如何，我曾在法国生活过十年。一般过去时表示过去发生的动词，再根据句意可知，故选A项。4. With the boy_ the way， we had no diffaculty _the village.A. to lead； to findB. leading； to findC。 leading； findingD。 to lead; finding【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在那个男孩的带领下,我们毫不费力地找到了那个木桩。lead 的逻辑主语是the boy,with the boy

5、leading构成独立主格结构，the boy与lead之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作宾语补足语，表伴随.have difficulty （in）doing 在做有困难，固定句型.故选C.【点睛】with 构成的短语是高考常考点。平时需记牢并理解独立主格结构的概念.固定句型平时多积累。with用法如下：介词with或without+复合结构,复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当,分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。With结构构成方式如下： 1。 with或without名词/

6、代词+形容词; 2。 with或without名词/代词+副词; 3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语; 4。 with或without名词/代词 +动词不定式； 5。 with或without-名词/代词 +分词。 下面分别举例： 1、 She came into the room，with her nose red because of cold。（with+名词+形容词，作伴随状语） 2、 With the meal over , we all went home.（with+名词+副词，作时间状语） 3、The master was walking up and dow

7、n with the ruler under his arm。（with+名词+介词短语，作伴随状语.） The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand. 4、He lay in the dark empty house，with not a man ，woman or child to say he was kind to me.(with+名词+不定式,作伴随状语) He could not finish it without me to help him。（without+代词 +不定式，作条件状语) 5、She fel

8、l asleep with the light burning。（with+名词+现在分词，作伴随状语） Without anything left in the cupboard， she went out to get something to eat。（without+代词+过去分词，作为原因状语）5。Not until_removed his shoes did he enter one of the low-ceiling rooms of the Japanese house。A。 heB。 did heC。 he hadD。 had he【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：

9、直到他脱下鞋子，他才进入一间天花板很低的日本房间.本句中notuntil引导从句置于句首，主句进行了倒装“did he enter”，但是until所在的从句不倒装，从句动作remove发生在主句动作enter之前，所以要用过去完成时（had done）。故选C项。6。The electrical fan she_in town yesterday works well again。A. repairedB。 had repairedC。 has repairedD. had had repaired【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查时态.句意：她昨天在城里修的电风扇又能正常工作了.分析句子结构可

10、知，此句为定语从句，先行词为fan,在从句中作宾语，其中省略了关系代词which或者that;“have sth。 done意为“请别人做某事，让被做，是固定搭配，此处意为“被修的电风扇”；句中有时间状语yesterday，提示应该用一般过去时态。故选B项。7。I saw Jim at the meeting yesterday.Did you? I think he _ have attended， for he is an expert.A. needntB. mustntC. shouldntD。 couldnt【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我昨天在会上看见吉姆了。是吗?

11、我认为他不必参加，因为他是个专家。本句表示本不需要参加,却参加了，neednt have done本不需要做某事，实际上却做了；couldnt have done不可能做了某事;shouldnt have done 本不应该做某事，实际上却做了。故选A项。8.Is your brother going camping?Hes signed up but hes considering_。A。 not to goB。 not goingC。 wont goD. not go【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动名词。句意：-你弟弟要去野营吗?他已经报名了，但他正在考虑不去.固定搭配consider d

12、oing sth。，“打算做某事”，doing的否定形式是在前面直接加not。故选B项。9.Time should be made good use_our lessons well.A. of learningB. to learnC。 to learningD. of to learn【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。句意:我们应该充分利用时间来学好我们的功课。表示“充分利用”短语为make good use of，本句中后跟不定式作目的状语。故选D。10.In our country every boy and every girl_the right to educa

13、tion。A。 hasB. haveC。 isD。 are【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：在我们国家,每个男孩和女孩都有受教育的权利.本句讲的是客观事实，时态用一般现在时，因为当and连接的是带有由each、every、no、many、a等词修饰的名词时候,作主语，谓语动词要用单数,固定搭配have the right to sth。(有某物的权利)。故选A项.11。_Jixi today is more beautiful now. Mr. Jackson said he would visit it_third time。A。 The；/B。 The;theC. /；aD.

14、The；a【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查冠词。句意:今天的鸡西市更漂亮了。Jackson先生说他将又一次来这里。第一空特指“鸡西市”应用定冠词;第二空为“不定冠词a/an + 序数词 + 名词强调在已知数量上再累加一个，且third为辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。故选D。12。Do you have anything more_，sir？No， you can have a rest or do something else。A。 typingB。 to be typedC。 typedD。 to type【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查不定式的被动语态.句意：先生，你还有什么要打印的吗？没有了，

15、你可以休息一会或做点别的事了.分析句子结构可知，此处应用不定式的被动语态to be done作后置定语，用来修饰anything，表示将要发生的动作，意为“想要被打印的东西”。故选B项。【点睛】一般来说，当不定式所说明的人或者物是不定式所表示的动作的对象，即是一种动词和宾语的关系时，不定式用被动语态。13。Lets get through the work quickly._seems to be little time left now.A. ItB. ThereC。 ThatD。 Here【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查there be句型.句意：让我们快点完成这项工作.现在似乎时间所剩无几

16、了。根据句意可知此处用there be句型表示“有，there seems to be表示“似乎有，故B项正确。14.We must do something to_factories_waste water into the river before it is cleaned。A。 stop; pouringB。 prevent; to pourC. keep; pouringD。 stop; to pour【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：我们必须采取措施阻止工厂在废水净化前向河里倾倒废水。stop/ prevent sb. /sth. （from) doing sth.（阻

17、止某人物做某事），from可以省略；keep sb. /sth. from doing(阻止某人物做某事)但是from不可省略，应用stop，pouring。故选A项.15. I would appreciate _, to be frank, if the goods could be delivered as soon as possible。A. youB. thisC. itD. myself【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查代词.句意:坦白说，这些货物要是能够尽快送达我将感激不尽.it作appreciate的形式宾语，to be frank是插入语，if引导真正的宾语从句。故选C。16.

18、This is one of the best novels that_appeared this year。A. have beenB。 hasC. had beenD. have【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：这是今年出版的最好的小说之一。分析句子可知，此部小说在今年这段时间里（包含今年在内已经过去的时间）是最好的小说，此空用现在完成时（has/have done），主动语态，本定语从句的先行词是the best novels,在从句中作主语，当先行词前面有最高级修饰,且先行词是物的时候，使用关系代词that，因为先行词是复数形式，故定语从句时态也应该使用复数。故选D项。17

19、.Kathy _ a lot of Spanish by playing with the native boys and girls。A。 picked upB. took upC. made upD。 turned up【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意:通过和当地男孩和女孩玩耍，Mary学会了许多西班牙语。A。 picked up捡起,获得,，学会，使恢复精神，,加快,看到，随便地认识；B。 took up开始从事；接受（提议）；占用；C. made up构成，编造；化妆；弥补，和解；D. turned up翻起；出现;（尤指失去后偶然)被发现；根据句意可知,Mary是通过

20、和当地孩子一起玩的时候学会了许多西班牙语。故选A。18。Ive come to the point_I cant stand her arguing any longer。A。 whyB。 whichC. thatD。 where【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查定语从句关系词.句意：我已经到了不能再忍受她争论的地步了。分析句子结构可知，此句为定语从句，先行词为“point”，表示“某种程度,某种状况”，是指一个象征意义上的地点，可以推断，此处应用引导词where指代先行词,表示“在这种程度之下”,在从句中充当状语。故选D项。【点睛】where指代relationship、 situation和p

21、oint,分别表示“在关系中”，“在情况下”，“达到程度”，这些词虽然不是表示地点的名词，但在从句中表达的是“某个点或状态的含义。我们可以把这类名词解释成“含有抽象地点意义的名词，此类词也能用关系副词 where来进行引导.19.As we all know，_medical examination will help us find out health problems as early as possible。A。 normalB。 generalC。 commonD. regular【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们都知道，定期体检会帮助我们尽早发现健康问题。A。

22、 normal正常的；B. general一般的；C。 common普通的；D. regular定期的。结合后文medical examination will help us find out health problems as early as possible可知指“定期体检会帮助我们尽早发现健康问题。”故选D.20。Had it been at all possible，I would have gone to attend her in the hospital，but I_fully occupied last week.A. wasB。 had beenC。 amD。 have

23、 been【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：如果可能的话，我早就去医院照顾她了,但上周我忙得不可开交。根据时间状语“last week”上周，可知，此句描述的是过去的状况，应用一般过去时。故选A项.21。Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health.It may also be good for_building。A. respectB。 friendshipC。 reputationD。 character【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：独自徒步旅行很有趣，也有利于身体健康。同时对于性格的塑造也有好处。A。 res

24、pect尊敬；B. friendship友谊；C. reputation名声；D。 character性格。题目中表示“同时对于性格的塑造也有好处。故选D。22.When a piece of ice is taken into a warm room, it will become smaller and smaller, until in the end it completely.A. is disappearedB. will disappearC。 is disappearingD。 disappears【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查动词时态及语态。句意：当一块冰被带入一个温暖的房间

25、时，它会变得越来越小,最终消失。句字陈述了一个事实，应用一般现在时；disappear是不及物动词,没有被动语态。故选D。【点睛】一般现在时的用法：1)经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用.常用的时间状语有every，sometimes，at，on Sunday等。例如：I leave home for school at 7 every morning。 每天早上我七点离开家。2)客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：The earth moves around the sun。 地球绕太阳转动.3）表示格言或警句。例如:Pride goes before a fall。 骄者必败

26、。注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例如：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性.例如：I dont want so much. 我不要那么多。23。The audience were_the performance of Chinese athletes at the 23rd Winter Olympics.A。 impressed byB。 impressed onC。 interesting inD。 expressed by【答案】A【解

27、析】【详解】考查固定短语。句意：中国运动员在第23届冬奥会上的表现给观众留下了深刻的印象。结合句意表示“留下深刻印象;对印象深刻”短语为sb. be impressed by。B选项介词搭配错误，C选项interesting用于修饰物，此处主语为audience“观众”应用ed结尾形容词修饰，D选项express表示“表达”与语境不符。故选A。24。Climbing the mountain is a good way to keep fit。_，walking is helpful for your health。A。 CorrectlyB. ImmediatelyC。 SimilarlyD

28、。 Generally【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：爬山是保持健康的好方法。同样，散步对你的健康也有帮助。A。 Correctly正确地；B. Immediately立即；C。 Similarly同样地；D. Generally普遍地。根据前句的“keep fit”保持健康，和后句的“helpful for your health”对你的健康有帮助,可知，此处前后含义相近，都表示对健康有好处,应用“同样地.故选C项。【点睛】此题考查副词词义辨析,在本类型题的解题过程中需要明确句子的大概意思，明确辨析出各个副词的含义。25.My father is lively and_，

29、but he is not very patient_me。A. energy； withB. energetic； withC。 energy； ofD。 energetic； of【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查形容词和固定搭配。句意:我父亲生气勃勃,精力充沛,但他对我不是很有耐心。第一空用形容词作表语，和and前面的形容词lively在语法结构上保持一致；第二空，固定搭配be patient with（对有耐心）,应用介词with。故选B项。26.Human beings are different from animals_they can use language as a tool

30、to communicate.A。 in whichB. in thatC。 for thatD。 for which【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查状语从句。句意：人类不同于动物，因为人类可以把语言作为交流的工具.此处为原因状语从句,表示“因为结合选项应用in that，作为从属连词。故选B。27.The secretary made a note of it _ she should forget。A. in order thatB. in caseC. so thatD. ever when【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查连词。句意:秘书把它记了下来,以防她忘了。本句表示秘书记下来是为了不忘

31、记，由in case、lest、for fear that引导的目的状语从句，谓语动词用“（should) + do”结构，表示忧虑或目的，应用从属连词in case（以防）。故选B项。28。Ten minutes earlier, _we could have saved the boy.A。 orB。 otherwiseC。 andD。 so【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查连词。句意：再早十分钟，我们就可以救那个男孩的。两个分句之间不存在转折和因果的逻辑关系,因此用and表示顺承。故选C项.29。I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled

32、child。A。 is to blameB。 is going to blameC。 is to be blamedD。 should blame【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查主动表达被动。句意：我觉得你丈夫应该为宠坏孩子受责备。be to blame“应受责备”这是主动表被动的用法，故选A.30.Wanting the question _ once more， the little boy went to the teachers office after class.A。 explainedB. being explainedC. be explainedD. to explain【答案

33、】A【解析】【详解】考查过去分词.句意：想要问题再被解释一遍，小男孩下课后去了老师的办公室。want sth. done（想要/希望某事被做)，过去分词作宾语补足语。故选A项。第二部分 阅读理解第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项.APeople seem to have a natural need for friends and with good reason, friends increase your enjoyment of life and relieve feelings of loneliness。 They even can help r

34、educe stress and improve your health。 Having good friends is especially helpful when you are going through any kind of hard time such as when you are experiencing anxiety， panic attacks, or depression。When you are with good friends, you feel good about yourself, and you are glad to be with them。 A f

35、riend is someone who you like, respect, and trust， and who likes, expects and trusts you.doesnt always understand you, but accepts and likes you as you are, even as you grow and change。allows you the space to change, grow， make decisions, and even make mistakes.listens to you and shares with you bot

36、h the good times and the bad times。respects your need for secrets， so you can tell them anything.lets you freely express your feelings and emotions without judging, laughing at or criticizing you。accepts the limitations you have put on yourself and helps you to remove them.A person once said。 “Frien

37、dship is a continuing source of bonding (连接）, releasing， and creating in yourself and with the other person, there is an emotional bond between the two people。”A good friend or supporter may or may not be the same age or the same sex as you， and may not have the same educational， cultural， or religi

38、ous background, or share interests that are similar to yours。 Friendships also have different depths。 Some are closer to the heart and some more superficial， but theyre all useful and good。31。 Which of the following is not a function of a friend?A。 He brings you some happiness.B. He helps you feel l

39、ess lonely。C。 He helps you get over the difficulties。D. He helps you cheat in the exam.32。 The underlined word “superficial” means_。A。 deepB。 shallowC。 hardD。 close33. Which is the best title for the passage?A. A Friend in Need Is a Friend IndeedB. How to Get on with Your FriendC. Ways to Be a Good

40、FriendD。 What Kind of Person a Friend Should Be【答案】31。 D 32。 B 33. D【解析】这是一篇散文。文章讲述了，朋友应该是什么样的。【31题详解】细节理解题。由第一段“People seem to have a natural need for friends and with good reason, friends increase your enjoyment of life and relieve feelings of loneliness。 They even can help reduce stress and impro

41、ve your health. Having good friends is especially helpful when you are going through any kind of hard time such as when you are experiencing anxiety， panic attacks， or depression。（人们似乎天生就需要朋友，而且有很好的理由,朋友能增加你生活的乐趣，缓解孤独感。它们甚至可以帮助减轻压力和改善你的健康。当你经历任何困难的时候,比如当你经历焦虑、恐慌或抑郁时，拥有好朋友是特别有帮助的。），可知朋友不能帮你考试作弊（文中未提及

42、)。故选D项.【32题详解】词义猜测题.由最后一段中的“Friendships also have different depths。 Some are closer to the heart and some more superficial, but theyre all useful and good.”（友谊也有不同的深度。有些更接近内心，有些更肤浅，但它们都是有用的和好的.），可知友谊也有不同的深度，有的贴近内心，有的肤浅,superficial在此处意为“肤浅的”.故选B项。【33题详解】主旨大意题。第一段讲“朋友在生活中的作用”，第二段讲“朋友是什么样的(文章重点），第三四段讲“

43、作者对朋友的理解”，可知文章讲了朋友的作用以及朋友是什么样的，D选项“一个朋友应该是什么样的人”切题。故选D项.BThomas James Hanson will remember for a long time the snowstorm that hit the state of New York on November 22nd. The 47-yearold man from Niagara Falls was stuck in his car on the highway for almost eight days after his vehicle was accidentally

44、 pushed to the side of the road and covered with snow by workers employed to remove the snow from the streets.Driving on the Interstate Highway190 during the worst of the snowstorm, Mr。 Hanson decided to pull over his old 1993 Volkswagen Passat to the side of the road and wait for the weather condit

45、ions to improve。 He remained motionless for approximately five hours before a snow plow arrived to clear the way. Unfortunately for the poor man, the driver of the gigantic snow removal vehicle did not see the small car, pushing it into the ditch and covering it with more than 2 meters of snow。Fortu

46、nately for the father of two children， the snow that was stacked over his vehicle was not very dense and allowed for enough fresh air to get through to enable him to survive。 He was able to drink water that he obtained by melting snow with his lighter in an aluminum coffee cup, and he ate the few it

47、ems of groceries he had bought before going home。“If I had known I would be stuck for eight days, I would have bought more than a jar of dill pickles(咸菜）, a bottle of ketchup and two sticks of beef jerky(牛肉干），” said the survivor with a smile.Thomas Hanson had almost lost all hope of being rescued wh

48、en his car was hit once again this morning by another snow plow, which revealed the poor mans location.34. What caused Thomas James Hanson to fall into the ditch according to the passage？A. A snow removal vehicle。B. The strong wind.C. The slippery road。D. His drunk driving。35。 It can be learned from

49、 the passage that_.A。 Mr. Hanson had bought some food before the accidentB。 Mr. Hanson got rescued on November 22 eventuallyC。 Mr。 Hanson had enough bottled water to drink in the carD. Mr。 Hanson was stuck in the car with his children。36。 Which of the following can best describe Thomas James Hanson？

50、A。 Quick-mindedB. Hard-workingC. CarelessD. Humorous37. Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?A. Heavy Snowstorm Caused Disaster to New York。B. Man Found Alive after Being Stuck 8 Days under Snow.C。 Thomas James Hansona Black Sheep in the Snow。D. Wonderful Eight Days of Exper

51、ience in the Snow.【答案】34。 A 35. A 36. D 37。 B【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。47岁男子Thomas James Hanson，由于他的汽车被雇来清除街道上积雪的工人意外推到路边，盖上了积雪，他被困在高速公路上近八天。文章主要讲述了Hanson被困的经过，他得以幸存的原因和最终脱困的经过。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中Unfortunately for the poor man， the driver of the gigantic snow removal vehicle did not see the small car, pushing it

52、 into the ditch and covering it with more than 2 meters of snow.可知不幸的是，这个可怜的人,巨型除雪车的司机没有看到这辆小车，把它推到沟里，盖上了2米多厚的雪。由此可知,是除雪车导致Thomas James Hanson掉进了沟里。故选A。【35题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中He was able to drink water that he obtained by melting snow with his lighter in an aluminum coffee cup， and he ate the few items

53、of groceries he had bought before going home。可知他能喝到用打火机融化在铝咖啡杯里的雪得到的水，他还吃了回家前买的几样杂货。以及倒数第二段“If I had known I would be stuck for eight days, I would have bought more than a jar of dill pickles(咸菜)， a bottle of ketchup and two sticks of beef jerky（牛肉干)， said the survivor with a smile.可知“如果我知道我要被困八天，我买

54、的就不只是一罐莳萝咸菜，一瓶番茄酱和两根牛肉干了,幸存者微笑着说.由此可知,Hanson先生在事故发生前，买了一些食物.故选A.【36题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“If I had known I would be stuck for eight days, I would have bought more than a jar of dill pickles（咸菜), a bottle of ketchup and two sticks of beef jerky（牛肉干），” said the survivor with a smile.可知“如果我知道我要被困八天，我买的就不只是一

55、罐莳萝咸菜，一瓶番茄酱和两根牛肉干了，”幸存者微笑着说。由此可推知,Thomas James Hanson很幽默.故选D。【37题详解】主旨大意题.根据第一段Thomas James Hanson will remember for a long time the snowstorm that hit the state of New York on November 22nd。 The 47year-old man from Niagara Falls was stuck in his car on the highway for almost eight days after his ve

56、hicle was accidentally pushed to the side of the road and covered with snow by workers employed to remove the snow from the streets.可知Thomas James Hanson将会很长一段时间记得11月22日袭击纽约州的暴风雪.这名来自尼亚加拉大瀑布的47岁男子被困在高速公路上近8天，因为他的汽车被雇来清除街道上积雪的工人意外推到路边，盖上了积雪。结合文章主要说明了Hanson被困的经过，他得以幸存的原因和最终脱困的经过。由此可知,B选项“一名男子被困在雪下八天后被

57、发现”最符合文章标题,故选B。CWhenever we see a button, we are eager to press it because we know something will happen。 This is true in most cases, for example on a doorbell and on the “on/off button on the TV. But some buttons are actually fake, like the “close” button on a lift。Many people are in the habit of p

58、ressing the “close” button because they dont have the patience to wait for the lift doors to shut。 But lifts “close” buttons are a complete scam （骗局)， at least in the US the doors will not close any faster no matter how hard you press。It started in the 1990s when the Americans with Disabilities Act

59、was passed in the US， making sure that all lifts stayed open long enough so that people with disabilities could enter. Only US firefighters and repairmen can use the buttons to speed up the door-closing process if they have a code or special keys。But to normal lift riders, the buttons arent complete

60、ly useless。 According to psychologists, fake buttons can actually make you feel better by offering you a sense of control。“Perceived (能够感知的） control is very important. It reduces stress and increases well-being,” Ellen J. Langer, a psychology professor, said， “having a lack of control is associated