初中英语被动语态讲解练习及答案

1、一、考点、热点回顾词汇辨析】across,through穿过across指从一定范围的一边到另一边。动作是在物体的表面|进行。常用于横穿街道、河流，穿过桥梁等。eg:Theywalkacrossthebridge.他们步行走过了这座桥。through侧重从物体的内部空间穿过，动作是在物体内部进行。常用于门、窗户、森林等。eg:Hewalksthroughthepark.他步行穿过公园。ill，sick“生病的”。ill只在系动词后作表语eg:Hermotherwasillinbed.?Ssickf既可作表语eg:Hermotherwassickinbed.?.l也可作定语eg:Janeista

2、kingcareofhersickmother.若ill作定语，译为“坏的，恶劣的”eg:anillperson一个坏人sick作表语时也常译为“恶心的，想吐的“eg:Theboyalwaysfeelssickwhenhetravelsbycar.【固定搭配】动词+名词/代词/副词+介词makeroomfor给.腾出地方eg:Wecanmakeroomforheratthistable.playajokeon戏弄人；对人恶作剧eg:Wecantplayajokeonlaw.speakhighlyof称赞eg:Thecustomsspeakhighlyoftheirqualityofservic

3、e.saygoodbyeto告另U；告辞eg:Idontwanttosaygoodbyetothem.takeanactivepartin积极参力口eg:Theytakeanactivepartinschoolactivities.takecareof照顾；照料；注意eg:CouldyoutakecareofmyplantswhileImonvacation?【被动语态】（一）语态：英语的语杰是诵过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例如：ManypeoplespeakChinese.谓语：speak的动作是由主语manypeople

4、来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chineseisspokenbymanypeople.主语English是动词speak的承受者。（二）被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：am/is/are+spoken一般过去时：was/were+spoken一般将来时：will/shallbe+spoken现在进行时：am/is/arebeing+spoken过去进行时：was/werebeing+spoken现在完成时：have/h

5、asbeen+spoken过去完成时：hadbeen+spoken（三）被动语态的用法（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道是谁偷的）Thisbridgewasfoundedin1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：TheglasswasbrokenbyMike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.这本书是他写的。Yourhomeworkmustbefinishedontime.你们的家庭作业必须及时

6、完成。（四）主动语态变被动语态的方法（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be+过去分词）（根据被动语杰句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：Allthepeoplelaughedathim.fHewaslaughedatbyallpeople.Theymakethebikesinthefactory.fThebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.Hecutdownatree.fAtreewascutdownbyhim.（五）含有情态

7、动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.fThiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.Theyshoulddoitatonce.fItshouldbedoneatonce.（六）特殊情况Hemadetheboyworkfortwohoursyesterday.fTheboywasmadetoworkbyhimfortwohoursyesterday.MotherneverletsmewatchTV.fIamneverlettowatchTVbymother.Jackgave

8、PeteraChristmaspresentjustnow.f（1）AChristmaspresentwasgiventoPeterbyJackjustnow.f（2）PeterwasgivenaChristmaspresentbyJackjustnow.常见的句型结构：Itis(was)agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought)that.大家同意(相信、决定、希望、认为)Itis(was)wellknownthat众所周知Itis(was)takenforgrantedthat被视为当然Itmustberememberedthat务必记住Itmustntbe

9、forgotten.thrat万别忘记Itis(was)said(reported,heard,told,suggested)that据说(报道、听说、告知、建议)二、典型例题()1.TheOlympicGameseveryfouryears.AareheldBwereheldC.areholdingD.willhold()2.Intheartshow,alotofenjoyment_toforeignfriendsbytheChinesepaintings.A.isgivingBisgivenCwillgiveDhasgiven()3.TodayChineseisbecomingmorean

10、dmorepopular.Itin.manyschoolsaroundtheworld.A.teachesB.isteachingC.hastaughtD.istaught()4.BaJin,oneofthegreatestwritersinChina,asPeoplesWriter.A.isregardedB.hasregardedC.isregardingD.regards()5.UsuallycomputerstosearchtheInternet.A.useB.areusingC.areusedD.used()6.-Doyouoftencleanyourclassroom?-Yes.O

11、urclassroomeveryday.A.cleanB.cleansC.iscleaned()7.一DidyouhearthatwaterinTaiLakesmeltterrible?一Yes.Infact,it.Thatsallbecauseofthepeopleandthefactoriesaround.A.pollutedBwaspollutedChaspollutedD.waspo11ute()8.-Ourenvironmentisgettingworsethanbefore.-Youreright.ButthankstoEarthDay,peoplehavedonemoreandm

12、oreusefulthingstoprotect(保护)theearthsinceEarthDay.A.isstartedB.wasstartedC.hasstarted()9.-1feelveryhappythatItobethehost.-Congratulations!A.chooseB.amchosenC.waschosenD.havenchosen()10.Manytreesandflowersinourschoollastyear,andtheymadeourschoolabeautifulgarden.A.plantB.plantedC.haveplantedD.wereplan

13、ted()11.Somefamouspaintingsinthehallnextweek.A.willshowB.wereshownC.isshownD.willbeshown()12.Atalkondevelopmentsinscienceandtechnologyintheschoolhallnextweek.A.givenB.willbegivenC.hasbeengivenD.gives()13.-Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscity.-Right.Manymoderntallbuildingshavebeenthesedays.A.turnedup

14、B.putupC.shownupD.fixedup()14.Twelve-year-oldsshouldnottodriveinChina.A.allowB.beallowC.allowedD.beallowed()15.?Doyouoftencleanyourclassroom?Yes,ourclassroomeveryday.?A.clean?B.cleans?C.iscleaned?D.Cleaned三、课后练习()1.Susan,whyareyoustillhere?Theyareallreadytostart.?Imsorry,butIwhentomeet.A.donttell?B.

15、didnttell?C.haventtold?D.wasnttold()2.Manyoldhousesaroundourschoolnextyearandalargegreenareawillappear.A.pulldown?B.willbepulleddownC.willpulldown?D.arepulleddown()3.-Mywatch.-Dontworry.LetsgototheLost&Found.A.islostB.isbrokenC.hasfoundD.hasstopped()4.-DidyougotoSamsweekendparty?-No,I.A.amnotinvited

16、B.wasntinvitedC.haventinvitedD.didntinvite()5.-Howoftenyourschoolsportsmeeting?-Onceayear.A.does;holdB.was;holdC.is;heldD.did;hold()6.OnMay30th,onebowlintheMingdynasty(明朝)atthepriceof30.36millionHongKongdollars.A.sellB.soldC.issoldD.wassold()7.TheThousand-handGuanyinbymanypeopleasthebestperformancea

17、tCCTVsSpringFestivalEvening.A.hasbeenregardedB.areregardedC.hasregardedD.regards()8.Thoseeggsofdifferentcolorsareverybeautiful.Yes,theyinHangzhou.hadA.paintedB.werepaintingC.werepaintedD.painted()9.-Dontlittertheground,boy,Lookatthesign:“Rubbishintothedustbin.”Sorry.A,hasthrowB,wasthrowC,mustthrowD,

18、mustbethrown()10.The29thOlympicGames_inBeijingin2008.A.willholdBwillbeheldC.hold()11.Thegirlwasoftenheardhappilyinherroom.A.singB.tosingC.singingD.sings()12.Itisreportedthatmorenewteachingbuildingsinourschoolinthenextterm.A.willbebuiltB.wasbuiltC.hasbuiltD.willbuild()13.Itisreportedthatmorenewteachi

19、ngbuildingsinourschoolinthenextterm.A.willbebuiltB.wasbuiltC.hasbuiltD.willbuild()14.Thesickboytohospitalbythepoliceyesterday.A.istakenB.wastakenC.takesD.took()15.-Itsdifficultforthevillagechildrentocrosstheriverforschool.-Ithinkabridgeovertheriver.A.wasbuiltB.isbeingbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.shouldbebui

20、lt()16.-David,turnofftheTVnooneiswatchingit.-Butitoffalready!Themusicisfromtheradio.A.sothat,hasbeenturnedB.when,hasturnedC.if,hasbeenturnedD.because,hasturned()17.UsuallyJohntoschoolinhisfathersbeautifulcar.A.hastakenB.istakingC.istakenD.hasbeentaken()18.Dontputofftodaysworkfortomorrow.Imean,todays

21、worktoday.A.maydoB.mustdoC.maybedoneD.mustbedone()19.-Look,whatanoldpalace!Itlookssogreat!-Yeah,itnearly800yearsago.A.wasbuildingB.wasbuiltC.hasbuiltD.isbuilt()20.Dontdiscusstheproblemswithyourpartnerunlessyoutodoso.A.askB.areaskedC.willaskD.willbeasked典型例题一般现在时1A。解析考查被动语态，根据句意，“奥运会每四年举行一次”可见须用一般现在时

22、的被动语态，故排除了B、C、D。2答案B。解析本题考查被动语态，句中alotofenjoyment是动作的承受者。“在这次艺术展中，一些有趣的东西通过中国国画展示给外国朋友。”3答案D。解析考查被动语态。物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态。4答案A。解析选用一般现在时态的被动语态，表示人们对这位伟大作家的爱戴。5答案C。解析从句子看，电脑作主语，是动作的承受者，所以用被动语态，故选Co6.答案C。解析考查被动语态物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态。一般过去时1答案B。考查被动语态。物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指

23、的是物的特性，不能用被动语态。2答案B。解析从句意：“自从地球日开始以来，人们已做了一些越来越有用的事保护环境。”可知，“地球日”的开始，要用一般过去时的被动语态，其构成为wasstarted故选B。3.Weintofivegroupstogototheoldpeopleshome.Wedidmanythingstocheerthemup.太原市A.dividedB.aredividedC.weredivided3答案C。解析本题主要考查被动语态的用法。根据句意及语境可推知空格处应用被动语态的形式。由后一句Wedidmanythings.”可推断，时态应该是一般过去时。因此选C。4C5D一般将

24、来过去1答案Do解析本题综合考查时态和语态。主语为“一些名画”，在此为动作“展出”的承受者，故应用被动语态，时间状语为nextweek，是表示将来的时间状语，所以句子时态是一般将来时，所以D项正确。2B答案B答案：D。情态动词用于被动结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词。答案为C。句中有everyday，主语为ourclassroom，故要用一般现在时的被动语态。【参考答案】1答案D解析：依据句意：对不起，但我不知道什么时候见面。强调动作发生在过去，I和tell之间是被动关系。2答案B解析：由题干时间nextyear科知识将来时态，句子主语是oldhouses，应用被动语态。故选B。答案A解析：由

25、LetsgototheLost&Found.可知，说明表丢失了。故选答案B解析：由DidyougotoSamsweekendparty?可知陈述过去的动作的发生，I和invite之间存在着被动关系。故选Bo5答案C解析：Howoften+一般疑问句？此句型用来提问在某一特定时间内进行某个动作的次数，表示“多长时间一次”。往往针对频度副词如：always,seldom,usually,onceamonth,sometimes,everyfiveminutes.等提问，常用于现在时或过去时。由题干yourschoolsportsmeeting作主语，谓语应用被动语态。故选C。6答案D解析：由OnM

26、ay30th,，可知动作发生在过去；其主语是onebowl与sell存在被动关系。7答案A解析：依据题意：“千手观音”被许多人认为是中央电视台春节联欢晚会最好的节目。表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在的影响或产生的结果，应用现在完成时。其主语是TheThousand-handGuanyin，要用被动语态。故选A。8答案C解析：they指代Thoseeggsofdifferentcolors，主语是物，故用被动语态。依据结构，应选C.。9答案D解析：依据句意：垃圾必须扔进垃圾箱里。表示“命令”，句子主语是垃圾，应用被动语态。10答案B解析：考查一般将来时的被动语态。由in2008可知是将来时

27、，运动会应该是“被举行”，所以使用一般将来时的被动语态：will+be+过去分词。11选B。考查使役动词的被动语态。在主动语态中heard后用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，而在被动语态中动词不定式符号to需补上。由关键信息wasoftenheard可直接断定正确答案为B。12选A。考查一般将来时的被动语态。由关键信息inthenextterm可知要用一般将来时，先排除B、C二项；另结合题意“据报道我们学校在下个学期有更多的教学楼被建造”可知要用被动语态，故舍D选Ao13选A14选B。由时间状语yesterday可知本题要用一般过去时，先排除A、C二项；另根据题意“那个生病的男孩被警察送到了

28、医院”可知要用被动语态，故舍D选B。15选D16选C。考查现在完成时的被动语态。结合题意“如果没有人看电视就关掉它”可知第一个空是条件状语从句；另由关键信息“Themusicisfromtheradio.”可知“(电视)已经关掉了”，要用现在完成时的被动语态，故正确答案为Co17选C18选D。考查含情态动词的被动语态。由题意“今天的工作必须在今天被做完”可知本题要用被动语态，先排除A、B二项；结合题意可舍C选Do19选B。考查一般过去时的被动语态。由时间状语nearly800yearsago可知要用一般过去时，先排除C、D二项；另结合题意“它(古老的宫殿)在近800年前被建造的”可舍A选B。2

29、0选B二、典型例题()1.TheOlympicGameseveryfouryears.AareheldBwereheldC.areholdingD.willho1d()2.Intheartshow，alotofenjoyment_toforeignfriendsbytheChinesepaintings.A.isgivingBisgivenCwillgiveDhasgiven()3.TodayChineseisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.Itin.manyschoolsaroundtheworld.A.teachesB.isteachingC.hastaughtD.i

30、staught()4.BaJin,oneofthegreatestwritersinChina,asPeoplesWriter.A.isregardedB.hasregardedC.isregardingD.regards()5.UsuallycomputerstosearchtheInternet.A.useB.areusingC.areusedD.used()6.-Doyouoftencleanyourclassroom?-Yes.Ourclassroomeveryday.A.cleanB.cleansC.iscleaned()7.一DidyouhearthatwaterinTaiLake

31、smeltterrible?一Yes.Infact，it.Thatsallbecauseofthepeopleandthefactoriesaround.A.pollutedBwaspollutedChaspollutedD.waspo11ute()8.-Ourenvironmentisgettingworsethanbefore.-Youreright.ButthankstoEarthDay,peoplehavedonemoreandmoreusefulthingstoprotect(保护)theearthsinceEarthDay.A.isstartedB.wasstartedC.hass

32、tarted()9.-1feelveryhappythatItobethehost.-Congratulations!A.chooseB.amchosenC.waschosenD.havenchosen()10.Manytreesandflowersinourschoollastyear，andtheymadeourschoolabeautifulgarden.A.plantB.plantedC.haveplantedD.wereplanted()11.Somefamouspaintingsinthehallnextweek.A.willshowB.wereshownC.isshownD.wi

33、llbeshown()12.Atalkondevelopmentsinscienceandtechnologyintheschoolhallnextweek.A.givenB.willbegivenC.hasbeengivenD.gives()13.-Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscity.-Right.Manymoderntallbuildingshavebeenthesedays.A.turnedupB.putupC.shownupD.fixedup()14.Twelve-year-oldsshouldnottodriveinChina.A.allowB.

34、beallowC.allowedD.beallowed()15.Doyouoftencleanyourclassroom?Yes,ourclassroomeveryday.A.cleanB.cleansC.iscleanedD.Cleaned三、课后练习()1.Susan,whyareyoustillhere?Theyareallreadytostart.Imsorry,butIwhentomeet.A.donttellB.didnttellC.haventtoldD.wasnttold()2.Manyoldhousesaroundourschoolnextyearandalargegreen

35、areawillappear.A.pulldownB.willbepulleddownC.willpulldownD.arepulleddown()3.-Mywatch.-Dontworry.LetsgototheLost&Found.A.islostB.isbrokenC.hasfoundD.hasstopped()4.-DidyougotoSamsweekendparty?-No,I.A.amnotinvitedB.wasntinvitedC.haventinvitedD.didntinvite()5.-Howoftenyourschoolsportsmeeting?-Onceayear.

36、A.does;holdB.was;holdC.is;heldD.did;hold()6.OnMay30th,onebowlintheMingdynasty(明朝)atthepriceof30.36millionHongKongdollars.A.sellB.soldC.issoldD.wassold()7.TheThousand-handGuanyinbymanypeopleasthebestperformanceatCCTVsSpringFestivalEvening.A.hasbeenregardedB.areregardedC.hasregardedD.regards()8.Thosee

37、ggsofdifferentcolorsareverybeautiful.Yes,theyinHangzhou.A.paintedB.werepaintingC.werepaintedD.hadpainted()9.-Dontlittertheground,boy,Lookatthesign:“Rubbishintothedustbin.”Sorry.A,hasthrowB,wasthrowC,mustthrowD,mustbethrown()10.The29thOlympicGames_inBeijingin2008.A.willholdBwillbeheldC.hold()11.Thegi

38、rlwasoftenheardhappilyinherroom.A.singB.tosingC.singingD.sings()12.Itisreportedthatmorenewteachingbuildingsinourschoolinthenextterm.A.willbebuiltB.wasbuiltC.hasbuiltD.willbuild()13.Itisreportedthatmorenewteachingbuildingsinourschoolinthenextterm.A.willbebuiltB.wasbuiltC.hasbuiltD.willbuild()14.Thesi

39、ckboytohospitalbythepoliceyesterday.A.istakenB.wastakenC.takesD.took()15.-Itsdifficultforthevillagechildrentocrosstheriverforschool.-Ithinkabridgeovertheriver.A.wasbuiltB.isbeingbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.shouldbebuilt()16.-David,turnofftheTVnooneiswatchingit.-Butitoffalready!Themusicisfromtheradio.A.soth

40、at,hasbeenturnedB.when,hasturnedC.if,hasbeenturnedD.because,hasturned()17.UsuallyJohntoschoolinhisfathersbeautifulcar.A.hastakenB.istakingC.istakenD.hasbeentaken()18.Dontputofftodaysworkfortomorrow.Imean,todaysworktoday.A.maydoB.mustdoC.maybedoneD.mustbedone()19.-Look,whatanoldpalace!Itlookssogreat!

41、-Yeah,itnearly800yearsago.A.wasbuildingB.wasbuiltC.hasbuiltD.isbuilt()20.Dontdiscusstheproblemswithyourpartnerunlessyoutodoso.A.askB.areaskedC.willaskD.willbeasked典型例题一般现在时1A。解析考查被动语态，根据句意，“奥运会每四年举行一次”可见须用一般现在时的被动语态，故排除了B、C、Do2答案B解析本题考查被动语态，句中alotofenjoyment是动作的承受者。“在这次艺术展中，一些有趣的东西通过中国国画展示给外国朋友”3答案D

42、解析考查被动语态。物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态。4答案A解析选用一般现在时态的被动语态，表示人们对这位伟大作家的爱戴。5答案C。解析从句子看，电脑作主语，是动作的承受者，所以用被动语态，故选Co6.答案C解析考查被动语态物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态。一般过去时1答案B考查被动语态。物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态。2答案B解析从句意：“自从地球日开始以来，人们已做了一些越来越有用的事保护环境”可知，“地球日”的开始，要用一般过去时的被动语态，其构成为wasstarted故选B3.Weintofivegroupstogototheoldpeopleshome.Wedidmanythingstocheerthemup.太原市A.dividedB.aredividedC.weredivided3答案C解析本题主要考查被动语态的用法。根据句意及语境可推知空格处应用被动语态的形式。由后一句Wedidmanythings.”可推断，时态应该是一般过去时。因此选C4C5D一般将来过去1答案D解析本题综合考查时态和语态。主语为“一些名画”，在此为动作“展出”的承受者，故应用被动语态，时间状语为ne