2021届高考英语一轮复习考点31阅读理解推理判断题考点归纳

1、2021届高考英语一轮复习考点31阅读理解推理判断题考点归纳2021届高考英语一轮复习考点31阅读理解推理判断题考点归纳2021届高考英语一轮复习考点31阅读理解推理判断题考点归纳考点31 阅读理解推理判断题高考频度：题主要考查学生根据文章的字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类题时，考生应在理解全文的基础上,从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。提问整篇文章或某句某段的含蓄意思时，问句中都含有infer, imply， indicate, suggest （推

2、断，暗指）等词。对付这类题时我们不仅要弄懂文章字面的意思,更重要的是要知道文章潜在的含义,和作者所给的提示。同时要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作合理的猜测和推论。关键是:意思要靠推断得出,而不是原文照搬。这就要把握住文章的主题思想和每段的内容；明确作者的观点及其写作该文的目的；分析文章里所给的有关信息；注意词汇在词典的定义和词典以外的含义；最后运用自己的知识进行由表及里的逻辑推理，挖出文章的伏笔，得出正确的推论。这种问题的提问方式通常有：1.From paragraph 4 we can infer that. / What can be inferred from the passage? /

3、From the last paragraph we can infer that 。2.We can infer from the text that/ What can we learn from？ / We can conclude from thepassage that3。The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that。4.The author implies that by the year 2080, 。5。To solve the present social problems the au

4、thor suggests that we should。6.The author mentions the fact thatto show。7。 This passage would most likely be found in _？8.The authors attitude toward is _？9。 The tone of the passage can best be described as _?这些提问方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，必须根据提问中的某些关键字眼与短文中相应的有关内容加以逻辑推理或演算，从而得出某些作者并未说明却已在字里行间所暗含的意思及观点。具体的说

5、,考生应当注意以下几点：1。首先要注意一定要忠实于原文,以文章提供的事实和线索为依据.立足已知,推断未知，遵循“词不离句，句不离段，段不离篇”的原则.千万不能主观臆想,凭空想象,随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。2.要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础.有的推断，考生完全可以根据文章中所阐述的细节,再结合自己所掌握的基础知识、有关背景知识或常识来帮助进行分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原意的结论。3.要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表及里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般,通过分析、综合、判断等，进行深层处理，合乎逻辑地推理。不能就事论事，断章

6、取义，以偏概全。4。 要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构，同时还要体会文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展方向,悟出作者的言外之意.5.在解答推理性问题时，一定要注意确定推理依据的位置或范围。应清楚所要解答的问题需要针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。针对细节的推断可运用scanning的方法，迅速在材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。针对主题思想作推断时，则常常要纵览全篇文章.推理判断题常见有以下形式:1细节推断题要求考生根据语篇关系,推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件、具体信息等.考生要从文章本身所提供的信息出发,抓住关

7、键的信息词，运用逻辑思维,并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断. 2020年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标B） Returning to a book youve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. Theres a welcome familiarity but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship。 But books dont change, people do. An

8、d thats what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative。The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register。 Its true, the older I get， the more I feel time has wings。 But with reading, its all about the present。 Its about the now a

9、nd what one contributes to the now， because reading is a give and take between author and reader。 Each has to pull their own weight。There are three books I reread annually .The first， which I take to reading every spring is Emest Hemningways A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964， its his classic memoi

10、r of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating （令人陶醉的),an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillards Holy the Firm， her poetic 1975 ramble （随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazars Save Twilight： Selected Poems, because poe

11、try. And because Cortazar。While I tend to buy a lot of books， these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an authors work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best bo

12、oks are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember， its you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.24Why does the author like rereading?AIt evaluates the writerreader relationship。BIts a window to a whole new world。CIts a substitute for drinking

13、with a friend。DIt extends the understanding of oneself.25What do we know about the book A Moveable Feast?AIts a brief account of a trip。BIts about Hemingways life as a young man.CIts a record of a historic event.DIts about Hemingways friends in Paris。27What can we infer about the author from the tex

14、t?AHe loves poetry。BHes an editor.CHes very ambitious。DHe teaches reading。【答案】24D25B27A【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。作者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。24推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“But books dont change, people do。 And thats what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative。(但是书没变,人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之处）

15、”和第二段“The beauty of rereading lies in that our bond with the work is based on our present register。 It is true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings.（重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理状态。真的,我年纪越大，就越觉得时光飞逝.)”可推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可以扩展对自己的理解。故选D项。25推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Published in 1964, its his classic m

16、emoir of 1920s Paris。”及“an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time可知,这本书出版于1964年，这是他关于20世纪20年代在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾.由此可判断出A Movable Feast是关于海明威年轻时的生活.故选B项.27推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The third book is Julio Cortzars Save Twilight： selected poems， because poetry.(第三本书是胡里奥科塔扎的拯救暮光之城：

17、 诗歌精选,因为诗歌）”可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌而喜欢这本书。故选A项。2因果推断题要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因或根据已有的原因推断可能的结果.考生要准确掌握文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。最关键的是要找准事物间存在的因果关系信息，根据已有信息，进行分析判断推理，从而推出最符合逻辑的原因或判断出最可能导致的结果。2020年全国统一高考英语试卷(新课标C）When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didnt cr

18、oss your mind. But some ecologists and fashion （时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria（海狸鼠）.Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles。 “It sounds crazy to talk about guiltfree fur-unless you

19、understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year， says Cree McCree， project director of Righteous Fur。Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.Nutria were b

20、rought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there cant handle this nonnative species(物种).Its destroying the environment。 Its them or us。” says Michael Massimi， an expert in this field。The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades,but when the market for

21、nutria collapsed in the late 1980s,the catsized animals multiplied like crazy.Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says its not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it。 Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year,

22、 so part of Moutons job these days is trying to promote fur。Then theres Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Model Paige Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them1 think thats going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York。 De

23、signer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a lable to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly。28What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Br

24、ooklyn?ATo promote guilt-free fur。BTo expand the fashion market。CTo introduce a new brand.DTo celebrate a winter holiday.29Why are scientists concerned about nutria？ANutria damage the ecosystem seriously.BNutria are an endangered species.CNutria hurt local catsized animals.DNutria are illegally hunt

25、ed。31What can we infer abouf wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?AIts formal。BIts risky。CIts harmful。DIts traditional.【答案】28A 29A 31B【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣。海狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏生态平衡表示了担忧。28推理判断题。根据第二段Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brook

26、lyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles。 “It sounds crazy to talk about guiltfree fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year，says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur。得知,美国新奥尔良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀，时装秀上展出海狸鼠皮制成的不同风格的衣服，项目总监Cree

27、McCree说：“除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则谈论无罪感皮衣是很疯狂的事情”,可以判断出由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。故选A。29推理判断题。根据第三段Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail.得知，科学家们如此担心以至于他们决定按照一条海狸鼠尾巴付给猎人们5美元,可以推断出科学家们担忧海狸鼠们严重破坏生态平衡，。故选A。31推理判断题.根据第二段Model Paige Morgan says, “To give

28、 people a guilt free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on themI think thats going to be a massive thing, at least in New York. ” 得知，为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情,根据模特摩根所说得知,在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故选B。3人物性格、心情处境、态度及观点等推断题高考阅读测试中有些题目考查学生对文章作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作

29、用或文中人物的态度、观点等方面的理解。做这一类题时一定注意：（1）由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。（2）特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情，态度观点的词语.要特别注意作者在文章中的措辞，尤其是感情色彩的形容词。（3）能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。2020年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标C）Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows， while most likely contributing to

30、 fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon。 But the sports rules require that a race walkers knees stay straig

31、ht through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触） with the ground at all times。 Its this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however， says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem， Mass.Like running

32、， race walking is physically demanding, she says， According to most calculations， race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里） per hour， which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking， although fewer than running, which would probably burn a

33、bout 1,000 or more calories per hour。However， race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says。 According to her research， runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers， who do not leave the ground, create only about 1。

34、4 times their body weight with each step。As a result， she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runners knee， are uncommon among race walkers. But the sports strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want

35、 to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique， she says。 It takes some practice.31Which word best describes the authors attitude to race walking?ASkeptical.BObjective.CTolerant。D

36、Conservative。【答案】31B【解析】31推理判断题.根据第一段“Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows， while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does， however, have its own problem。”可知，研究表明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤.不过,它也有自己的问题.由此判断出作者对于竞走的态度是客观的。故选B项。 2020年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标 C) With t

37、he young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together.The doorway to peace and quiet， for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law, she lives on the ground floor， while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two

38、daughters。Four years ago they all moved into a threestorey Victorian house in Bristol one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom， bedroom and livi

39、ng room on the ground floor.“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing at a house，” says Kathryn Whitehead。 Rita cuts in： “We spoke more with Nick because I think its a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law。”And what does Nick think？ “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Wo

40、uld I recommend it？ Yes， I think I would。”Its hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him， but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time。 Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001to 41

41、9，000 in 2013。Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents； many more adult children are returning to the family home， if they ever left. It is said that about 20 of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16 in 1991。The tota

42、l number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted。 In India， particularly outside cities， young women are expected to move in with their husbands fami

43、ly when they get married.29What is Nicks attitude towards sharing the house with his motherin -law？APositive.BCarefree.CTolerant。DUnwilling.【答案】29A29推理判断题.根据第五段“And what does Nick think？ “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well。 Would I recommend it？ Yes, I think I would.”可知，尼克是怎么想的？“从我的角

44、度来看，一切都很顺利。我推荐它吗?是的，我想我会推荐在一起居住的.”由此判断出，尼克对和和岳母合住房子的态度是积极的。故选A项。4篇章结构推断题根据不同文章的内容和写作目的，作者会采取记叙、描写、议论、说明或应用文体.作者也会采用叙述、例证、比较对照等不同的组织结构。不同文体的阅读难度、要求和任务不同，阅读方法也应不同.增强对篇章结构的理解能力有助于提高阅读质量。Have you ever wondered why birds sing？ Maybe you thought that they were just happy。 After all， you probably sing or w

45、histle when you are happy。Some scientists believe that birds do sing some of the time just because they are happy. However， they sing most of the time for a very different reason. Their singing is actually a warning to other birds to stay out of their territory.1。 How does the writer explain birds s

46、inging？A. By comparing birds with human beings。B. By reporting experiment results。C。 By describing birds daily life.D。 By telling a birds story.【答案】A【解析】由文章第一、二两段可知作者是把鸟儿和人类进行对比。5文章结论推断题由具体到一般,对已知的事实进行归纳总结性推断称为结论。2020年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国卷B）In the mid-1990s， Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in U

47、zbekistan。 He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later， still attracted to the country， he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Ch

48、asing the Sea： Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan， where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land， and of the people he meets on his

49、way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan， made of friendliness and warmth， but also its darker side of society。 In Samarka

50、nd， Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders， while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing。 In Ferghana， he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party。 And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms， diseases and f

51、ishing boats stuck miles from the sea。Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes。 His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains

52、, this is neither a travel nor a history book， or even a piece of reportage。 Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.10Which of the following best describes Mr Bissells road trip in Uzbekistan?ARomantic。BEventful.CPleasant.DDangerous。11Wha

53、t is the purpose of this text？ATo introduce a book.BTo explain a cultural phenomenon.CTo remember a writer。DTo recommend a travel destination.【答案】10B 11A【解析】10推理判断题。根据第三段This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth， but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr

54、 Bissell admires the architectural wonders， while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing。 In Ferghana， he attends a mountain funeral（葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms， diseases and fishing

55、 boats stuck miles from the sea.”可知，在乌兹别克斯坦的旅途中，Mr Bissell既体会到了友善和温暖，也看到了社会的黑暗面。在撒马尔罕，Mr Bissell欣赏到了的建筑奇观。在前往布哈拉的路上,他因为被怀疑进行毒品交易，他尝到了警察的伎俩。在费尔干纳,他参加了一个山区葬礼，然后参加了一个奇怪的酒会.在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦，他为沙尘暴、疾病和被困在数英里外的渔船而难过。由此可知,在旅途中，他经历了很多事情.结合选项，B选项(充满事件的，多事的)可以表达此意。故选B。11推理判断题.文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的书追逐

56、大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察.因此推断本文的写作目的是介绍一本书。故选A。2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷 A)（7月第二次)How to Use a Modern Public LibraryHas it been a while since your last visit to a public library? If so， you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better. Its been years since they were

57、dusty little rooms with books。 They have transformed themselves into places where you can develop your love of knowledge meet interesting people， or find out how to start a business.Check out a book. While libraries still loan out（出借)books， youll find it easier to get a copy of whatever youre lookin

58、g for， thanks to a cooperative network of area libraries. Via such networks， libraries share their books with each other through the use of delivery vehicles. Once the book youve requested is delivered to the nearest branch, they will inform you by e-mail， so you can pick it up.Check out other items

59、。 The library is now a multimedia zone, loaded with information in many formats（载体形式）. You can borrow movies on DVDs, music on CDs, and popular magazines。 Some libraries even loan out toys and games. If a popular magazine you want isnt offered and the library keeps a list of such requests， they may

60、bring it in when enough interest is shown.Join targeted reading groups。 Libraries will often hold reading-group sessions targeted to various age groups. Perhaps youd like to learn a language or improve your English. The library may sponsor a language group you could join. If you have difficulties re