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1、PAGE PAGE 50六年级小学英语语法总复习名词一、名词:名词是所有事物的名称,包括人、物及抽象概念。名词分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。名词在句子中作主语,宾语或表语等。 1普通名词 普通名词是某类人、事件、物体和抽象概念的名称。根据所指代物体的特征,普通名词又可分为以下四类: 个体名词: 表示人或物体中可以数清的单个体。如:student(学生)、pen(钢笔)、bird(鸟)等。 B集体名词: (即集合名词)表示由个体组成的集合体。如:people(人民)、police(警察)、family(家庭)等C物质名词: 表示构成物体物质的不可数名词,或表示无法分为个体的物质的名词。如:wat
2、er(水)、air(空气)、wood(木头)等。 D抽象名词 : 表示动作、状态、品质、情感等非具体化的抽象概念。如:work(工作)、peace(和平)、love(爱)等。 2. 专有名词 : 专有名词是某些人、事物、机构、组织等特有的名称。主要包括:人名、地名、国名、党派名称等。如:Nancy(南希),Halloween(万圣节), England(英国),April(四月), China(中国)等。二、可数名词和不可数名词。 1) 可数名词: 一般来说个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。例如: a book, two books, a stud
3、ent, three students, a family, many families。注意:a) a加在以辅音开头的名词前,如:a woman, a teacher;an加在以元音开头的名词前,如an apple, an old manb)有时a, an后面紧跟的不是单数名词,而是a/an+形容词单数名词的形式,这时要看形容词开头字母的发音,而不是看名词。如an old desk, a nice orange名词单数变复数变化如下:1词尾直接加 S 如:catcats ,bagbags ,daydays2以 S, SH, CH, X 结尾的词加es如:classclasses, match
4、matches, box boxes ,dish dishes3以辅音加y结尾的词变y为i, 加es. 元音加y结尾的词直接加s,如:partyparties citycities storystories countrycountries librarylibraries familyfamilies hobbyhobbies diarydiaries butterflybutterflies dragonflydragonflies fireflyfireflies babybabies strawberrystrawberriesboyboys monkeymonkeys keykeys
5、 toytoys等.4以 f 或 fe结尾的词, 变 f 或 fe为v, 加 es,如: wife wives half halves leafleaves knifekniveshousewifehousewives thiefthieves注意特殊情况直接加“S”,要逐个记 chiefs, handkerchiefs , roofs.5以辅音加o结尾的词常加es, 如: tomatoes, potatoes, heroes, mangoes. 元音加 O 结尾直接加 S. 如:radios, zoos, pianos, yo-yo.特殊情况: photos6名词单数变复数特殊变化也要逐个记
6、得例如:A只有复数形式:trousers(裤子) jeans(牛仔裤) clothes(衣服) shorts(短裤)B.形式上是复数,实际上是单数:Maths(数学) news(新闻)C.单复数同形: sheepsheep, fishfish, ChineseChinese ,JapaneseJapaneseD特殊变化: man-men, woman-women, toothteeth, goosegeese, footfeet, child-children, mouse-mice, childchildren, 2) 不可数名词 不可数名词不能用数字计算包括物质名词( air, water
7、等)及抽象名词(advice, hate)等。所以它通常只有单数形式。如:English, juice, water, homework, work, milk, coffee, tea, rice, bread, chocolate 不可数名词表示数量时,可以用量词来表达(量词有复数形式)其结构是数词+量词+of+名词。如:a bottle of water, two cups of tea, three pieces of paper用a lot of , some, any, much, lots of等表示量的多少。There is a lot of milk in the fridg
8、e.There is some water in the carton.Is there any juice in the fridge? 注意事项:1不可数名词没有复数变化,不能用a,an,但可用the,或不用冠词,如:bread is the usual breakfast.2虽然不可数名词没有复数变化,但量词超过一时要加复数。如:three cups of coffee, five bottles of water3有量词修饰时注意名词是否可数,不可数时用单数,可数时用复数,如:ten bags of rice ten baskets of eggs 冠词冠词包括不定冠词a, an和定冠
9、词the,它们都是虚词,只能和名词连起来使用,用来说明名词所指的人或事物。不定冠词a,an的基本用法不定冠词a和an用于可数名词单数前面,表示某一类人或事物中的“一个”,但不强调数量(如要强调数量,则用one)。例如:This is a desk. That is an orange.Tom read an interesting book last week. ac(一个字母c)用于第一次提到的人或事物以及泛指的单数可数名词前。A lion walks near the river.Do you have a tin-opener?定冠词theThe的用法用在对话双方都知道的人或事物前。 C
10、lose the door, please. Boys and girls, look at the blackboard.特指某些人或事物。例如: Whos the girl in blue? Can you hear the boy?指上文提到的人或事物。例如: There is a monkey in the tree. The monkey is eating bananas. The woman is coming. The woman is our English teacher.用在序数词前。例如: The third day the fifth unit the twentie
11、th of May 用在某些习惯用语中。例如: in the same class on the left (在左边) play the violin in the afternoon不用冠词的情况一日三餐前不用冠词。例如:Finish your homework before supper, please.The students have lunch at school.球类运动和棋类游戏前不用冠词。例如:Shall we play basketball after school?Mr Li likes playing chess very much.在星期、月份、季节等名词前,一般不用冠
12、词。例如:Monday is the second day of a week.Childrens Day is in June.I like spring best.抽象名词、专有名词和物质名词前一般不用冠词。例如:milk China happiness(幸福)名词前已有作定语用的指示代词或物主代词时,不再用冠词。如:this boy, those apples, my new friend等在某些固定词组前不用冠词。例如:at school at home go to bed在表示称呼的名词前不用冠词。例如:Aunt Zhang Mr Zhao代词 代词:代词是代替名词以及起名词作用的短
13、语、分句和句子的词。二代词的种类:1. 人称代词主格I , you, he, she, it, we, you, they宾格me, you, him, her, it, us, you , them 2. 物主代词形容词性的物主代词my, your, his , her, its, our, your ,their 名词性的物主代词mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs3. 反身代词myself, herself, themselves 4. 相互代词有:each other, one another 5. 提示代词有:this ,
14、that , these , those , those 6. 疑问代词who, what, whose 7. 关系代词which, that, who 8. 连接代词what, who, whose9. 不定代词没有指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词 all, each, both, either, neither, one, any10. 指示代词that, this ,these, those三代词的使用方法1. 人称代词是表示我、你、他、她、它、我们、你们、他们的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化。物主代词表示所有关系的代词,也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词
15、性物主代词二种。表示我自己、你自己、他自己、我们自己、你们自己和他们自己等的代词,叫做自身代词,也称为反身代词。详件见下表:人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its Itsel
16、f 复数 they them their theirs themselves 句法功能 作主语,其中she指带代国家,it可指代天气时间等。 作宾语介词宾语表语 作定语 作主语,宾语,介词宾语,表语书信yours 作宾语,介词宾语,表语主语同为语 根据上表的例句如下:She doesnt believe us.When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.Youll find your books among mine on the bookshelf.-Who is it? -Its me.Our room is on the first f
17、loor, and theirs is on the second.They think too much of themselves.A week later, I myself had to go to Paris.Help yourself!We cook for ourselves.I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.The cap is Jacks.注意:在连续使用两个以上人称代词时,通常单数you放在第一位, I 放在最后;复数we放在第一位,they放在最后。简单记成:单数2,3,1,复数1,2,3 。都是三人称
18、,女后男在先。例如:You and I can help each other.They couldnt have seen Tom and me there.You, Tom and I are leaving next month.You or they must pass the exam.We, you and they should go there together.2. 疑问代词(who, whom, which, what, whose) 用来构成疑问句,在句中可以起名词词组作用。指人: who, whom, whose指物: what既可指人又可指物: whichwho与wh
19、om. (whom是who的宾格)Who told you the truth?Whom are you talking with?whose, which, what(在非限定的数量中选择用what,在限定的数量中选择which)Whose book is this?What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion?Which book you like better, the English book or the Chinese book?What are you reading now?Whats your fat
20、her?Whose books are these on the desk?注意:疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时,过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首,现代英语中,疑问代词在句首,介词在句未。For what do most students study?What are you looking for?3. 指示代词this, these, that , those被用作名词中心词的修饰语时属于限定词,而单独用来代替名词词组时是代词。This is the bus we want.Put these in your bag.My idea is this.How do you think
21、 of this idea?注意:that和those有时用来代表前面提到的名词,以避免重复。The best coal is that from Newcastle.Those who wish to go may sign up here.4. 不定代词用法辨析neithernor 没有也没有either or 不是就是both两者都one the other 两个中的一个,另一个another 再一个,又一个every 作定语,每一个. (可以形成合成词 everybody everything)each每一个,一个个的加以考虑时用.None 否定意思,没有一个介词(见语法复习)数词一、
22、 数词的种类 数词分基数词和序数词 基数词是表示自然数列的词, 例如; one , two ,three ,four.序数词是表示先后顺序的词, 例如: first, second , third, fourth二 基数词和序数词的表示法1基数词单词的拼写:112为单词,1319都以后缀-teen结尾,20至90这样的整十数都以后缀-ty结尾,其他基数词中间加连字符号“-”再按照上述的变化进行。例:21twenty-one 56- fifty-six 85eighty-five三位数的构成为:几+百+and+末两位(或末一位)数例:132one hundred and thirty-two20
23、5two hundred and five千以上的数字的读法:从后面往前,每三位数作为一个单位,分别为thousand, million.32, 548, 652, 读作:thirty two million, five hundred and forty eight thousand, six hundred and fifty two2. 序数词=基数词+th (1、2、3为 first, second, third)。但以下几种情况要注意:1) fifth (第五),eighth (第八),ninth (第九),twelfth (第十二)2) 以ty结尾的基数词变词尾为tieth例:tw
24、entytwentieth, ninetyninetieth3)复合序数词只需要将相应基数词中最后一位变成序数词,其余不变。例:第二十一twenty-first第二百四十五two hundred and forty-fifth三 基数词序数词的用法1. hundred, thousand, million 与数字连用,表示一定量的具体数字,不用复数,但表示不定概念可用复数例:three hundred people, millions of people2. 基数词表示时刻。例:7点 seven oclock, 7:20 seven twenty3. 给某些事物编号例:Lesson One=t
25、he first lessonBus No. 2 7月1日=July I (July Ist)1996年6月3日=June 3, 1996=June the third, nineteen ninety-six4. 有关分数表示法。分子是基数词,分母是序数词。当分子大于1时,分母就用复数。例:Ive read one-fifth of the books.Ive finished three-fifths of the words. 5. 有关倍数表示法两倍用twice, 三倍以上用数词+times, 要注意倍数在句子的位置。例:The door is three times the size
26、 of this.6. 十位数字(个位为零)的基数词以复数形式出现时,表示年代、年龄例:She is a good-looking woman in her forties. (forties 指4049岁之间)四 数词实练习题解析:1. The English for 10,440 is .A. ten thousand , four hundreds and forty B. ten thousand, four hundred and fortyC. ten thousands, four hundred and fortyD. ten thousand and four hundred
27、, forty 本题在于掌握千以上数字的读法,在千、百前面有数字,不加复数;百位、十位中间加and ,每三位为一组,再加相应的单位即可,故选B2. of the workers in the factory is about two hundred, of them are women workers.A. The number, first-third B. The number, one-thirdC. A number, half D. A number, three quarters 分数表达法前文阐述已经很多,应表示为one-third. 要区分the number of 与a nu
28、mber of , the number of 指“的数量” ,谓语动词用单数;a number of 意为“许多”,谓语动词为复数。故选B3. Can you write the number eighty-five thousand , six hundred and twenty-six? Yes, it is .A. 85662 B. 85626 C. 85006 D. 85000千以上的数字,从后往前三个数为一个单位,即从85之后顺次写出三个数即可,即626,连在一起即为85626。故选B. 4. About of the books in our school library ar
29、e written in Chinese.A. fouth-fifths B. four fifth C. four fifths D.fourths-fifth 本题考查分数的表达法,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于1,分母用复数,因此它的表达法为four-fifths,故选C。5. The road is over meters long.A. six hundred and fifty-twoB. six hundreds and fifty twoC. six hundred, fifty twoD. six hundred, fifty and two百、千、百万等词与数字连用
30、不用复数,因此不加s。其次表示百位数时要在百位和十位之间(无十位,则在百位和个位之间)加and ,再次在个位与十位之间要有连字符“-”,故本题选A6. January is New Years Day.A. one B. two C. the firstD. the second某月的几号要用序数词表示,读时序数词前要加the 故选C7. Take the turning on your night.A. nine B. ninth C. nineteen D.nineth根据题意判断本题考第几个转弯处需用序数词,B形容词初中英语形容词的用法 Hello, friends! 我是形容词,是英语
31、词类家族中的重要一员哦!我是专门表示人或事物的性质、状态或特征的一类词。大家是不是觉得我很面熟呢?没错,在第26期的预习专版中,我已经和大家见过面了。想对我有更深的了解吗?那就听我慢慢道来 名词前作定语 我特别喜欢和名词交朋友,经常位于名词的前面,充当定语,修饰限定名词。我还是给大家“show”两句吧: Thats a Japanese car. 那是一辆日本小汽车。 There is a new map on the wall of my bedroom. 我卧室的墙上有一幅新地图。 【特殊身份】 对了,大家是不是听说我“不专一”,有时也会与不定代词“亲密接触”,并总躲到不定代词的后面,让它
32、为我“遮风挡雨”?例如: I have something important to tell you. 我有一些重要的事情要告诉你。 没错,是有这种情况。我作定语时,一般位于被修饰的名词之前,但在修饰something, anything, nothing等不定代词时,我却要跟在这些词之后。同学们以后会接触到的! 系动词后作表语 除了和名词交友外,我还特爱和系动词打交道,并与其构成“主语 + 系动词 + 表语”结构。到现在为止,大家学过的系动词有be(am / is / are)和look。请看例句展示: My watch is new. But my parents watches are
33、 old. 我的手表是新的,但我父母的手表却是旧的。 His pen looks nice. 他的钢笔看起来很漂亮。 【只告诉你】 在我作表语的情况下,句中的系动词虽在汉语译文中不出现,但在英语中切不可把它丢掉。请看下面的例句: 这个书包很小。 :( This bag very small. :) This bag is very small. 怎么样?还是笑脸好看吧!那就要牢记我对你说的话哦! 允许被副词修饰 另外,我还特愿和very, too, so等副词成为“知心朋友”,并允许它们站在我前面来说明我的程度。继续往下看: I think Mr Zhang is very young. 我认
34、为张老师很年轻。 You are too kind. Thanks a lot. 你真是太好了,非常感谢。 The table is so heavy, but I can carry it. 虽然这张桌子这么重,但是我能搬得动它。 OK! 我的“心曲”就这么多了,你都听懂了吗?希望我们可以成为“亲密无间”的好朋友!副词(见语法复习)一、形容词的一般用法1.作定语,一般放在所修饰词的前面。例如,its a cold and windy day.2.作表语,放在系动词的后面。例如,he looks happy today.3.形容词修饰something,anything,nothing,eve
35、rything等复合不定代词时,须放在其后。例如,would you like something hot to drink? 4.表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词,应放在相应的名词之后。例如,how long is the river? its about two hundred metres long.5.只能作表语的形容词:afraid害怕;alone独自的;asleep睡着的;awake醒着的;alive活着的;well健康的;ill病的;frightened害怕的例如,the man is ill.(正)the ill man is my uncle.(误)6.只能作定语的形容词:l
36、ittle小的;only唯一的;wooden木质的;woolen羊毛质的;elder年长的例如,my elder brother is in beijing.(正)my brother is elder. (误)7.貌似副词的形容词:lonely独自的;friendly友好的;lively生动的;lovely可爱的8.复合形容词:snow-white雪白的 english-speaking说英语的;glass-topped玻璃罩的;full-time全日制的;well-known众所周知的;kind-hearted善良的;man-made人造的;take-away可以带走的;ten-year-
37、old十岁的。二、多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词)描绘词(大小,长短,形状,新旧,长幼,颜色)出处材料性质类别名词a small round table一张小圆桌a tall white building一幢高大的白色建筑物a dirty old black shirt一件又脏又旧的黑色衬衣a famous american medical school一个非常著名的美国医学院三、形容词常用句型1.“its +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。注意:这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词,如good(好的),ki
38、nd(友善的),nice(友好的),polite(有礼貌的),clever(聪明的),foolish(愚蠢的),lazy(懒惰的),careful(细心的),careless(粗心的),right(正确的),wrong(错误的)等。例如,its very kind of you to help me.(=you are very kind to help me.)你能帮助我,真好。its very rude of her to say such words.(=she is very rude to say such words.)她说这样的话,真粗鲁。its foolish of him t
39、o go alone.(=he is foolish to go alone.)他单独出去太傻了。2.“its+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。注意:这一句型中常用的形容词有important(重要的),necessary(必要的),difficult(困难的),easy(容易的),hard(艰难的),dangerous(危险的),safe(安全的),useful(有益的),pleasant(舒适的),interesting(有趣的),impossible(不可能的)等。例如,its not easy for them to learn a foreign l
40、anguage.(=to learn a foreign language is not easy for them.)对于他们来说学好一门外语不容易。its very important for students to listen to teachers carefully.(=to listen to teachers carefully is very important for students.)对于学生来说上课认真听老师讲课是非常重要的。its necessary for us to get to school on time.(=to get to school on time
41、 is necessary for us.)对于我们来说按时到校是非常必要的。3.表示感情或情绪的形容词,如glad(高兴的),pleased(高兴的),sad(忧伤的),thankful(感激的)等常接不定式。例如,glad to see you.见到你非常高兴。Im very sad to hear the bad news.听到这个坏新闻,我非常难过。4.表示能力和意志的形容词,如ready(乐意的,有准备的),able(有能力的),sure(一定),certain(一定)等常接不定式。例如,lei feng is always ready to help others.雷锋总是乐于助人
42、。he is sure to get to school on time.他一定会按时到校。副词一、副词的分类副词按词汇意义可分为:方式副词:well,fast,slowly,carefully,quickly程度副词:very,much,enough,almost,rather,quite地点副词:here,there,out,somewhere,abroad,home,时间副词:today,early,soon,now,then,recently,still频度副词:always,often,usually,sometimes,seldom,never否定副词:no,not,neither
43、,nor,疑问副词:where,how,why其他:also,too,only二、副词的基本用法:副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句话的词类,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。例如,1.we should listen to our teachers carefully.我们应该认真听老师讲课。2.he is very happy today.他今天非常高兴。3.“what happened?”i asked,rather angrily.“发生什么事情了?”我相当生气地问。4. in spring,i can see flowers everywhere.在春天,我到处都能看到花。
44、三、常见副词用法辨析1.already与yet的区别already用于肯定句句中,表示“已经”;yet用于否定句句末,表示“还”,用于疑问句句末,表示“已经”例如,he had already left when i called.当我给他打电话时,他已经离开了。have you found your ruler yet?你已经找到你的尺子了吗?i havent finished my homework yet.我还没有完成作业。注意:already还可以表示惊奇,惊讶等语气,常用于疑问句句末例如:has your son gone to school already?你的儿子已经上学了吗?(
45、表示很惊讶)2very,much和very much.的区别very用于修饰形容词或副词的原级;much用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级;修饰动词要用very much.例如,john is very honest.约翰非常诚实。this garden is much bigger than that one.这个花园比那个大的多。thank you very much.非常感谢你3.so与such的区别so修饰形容词或副词;such 修饰名词,例如,my brother runs so fast that i cant follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。he is such
46、 a boy.他是一个这样的孩子。so修饰的形容词后可以有一个单数的可数名词,其结构是“so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数”.such可以修饰可数名词单复数和不可数名词,名词前可以有形容词作定语,其结构是“such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数”,“such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词”, 例如,he is so clever a boy.=he is such a clever boy.他是一个如此聪明的孩子。it is such cold weather.这么冷的天气。(正)it is so cold weather.(误)they are such good students.
47、 他们是那么好的学生。(正)they are so good students. (误)如果可数名词复数前有many,few或不可数名词前有much,little修饰,用so不用such.例如,so many(如此多的);so few(如此少的)可以加可数名词复数so much(如此多的);so little(如此少的)可以加不可数名词4.also,too,as well与either 的区别also,as well,too,用于肯定句,also常用于be动词,情态动词,助动词之后,行为动词之前;as well,too用于句末;either用于否定句中,置于句末。例如,my father is
48、 a teacher. my mother is also a teacher.=my father is a teacher. my mother is a teacher as well.=my father is a teacher. my mother is a teacher,too.我爸爸是一名老师,我妈妈也是。I cant speak french. jenny cant speak french,either.我不会说法语,詹妮也不会。5.sometime,sometimes,some time与some times的区别sometime:某一时间,某一时刻,可指将来时,也可指
49、过去时sometimes:有时,不时的 some time:一段时间 some times:几次,几倍 例如,well have a test sometime next month.下个月的某一时间,我们要进行一次测试。sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are not.有时我们很忙,有时不忙。he stayed in beijing for some time last year.他去年在北京呆了一段时间。i have been to beijing some times.我去过北京好几次。6.ago与before的区别ago表示以现在为起点的“以
50、前”,常与一般过去时连用,不可以单独使用。before指过去或将来的某时刻“以前”,也可泛指以前,常和完成时连用,可以单独使用。例如,i saw him ten minutes ago.我十分钟之前看到的他。he told me that he had seen the film before.他告诉我他以前看过这场电影。7.now,just与just now的区别now:与一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时连用,意为“现在”just:与现在完成时、过去完成时连用,表示“刚”just now:和过去时连用,表示“刚才”例如,where does he live now?他现在住哪里?we ha
51、ve just seen the film. 我们刚看过这场电影。he was here just now. 他刚才在这里。、形容词,副词的比较级、最高级一、规则变化1.一般在词尾直接加er或est,例如,tall-taller-tallest,long-longer-longest2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st,例如,nice-nicer-nicest3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词,把y变为i,再加er或est,例如,heavy-heavier-heaviest4.重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母,再加er或est,例如,big-bigger-biggest
52、5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级,例如,slowly-more slowly-most slowly;beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful二、不规则变化形容词,副词等级的用法一、原级的用法1.只能修饰原级的词,very,quite,so,too例如,he is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。my brother runs so fast that i cant follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。2.原级常用的句型结构(1)“甲+be+(倍数)+
53、as+形容词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”例如,tom is as old as kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。tom is twice as old as kate.汤姆的年龄是凯特的二倍。“甲+实意动词+(倍数)+as+副词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”例如,tom runs as fast as mike.汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。tom runs twice as fast as mike.汤姆跑得速度是迈克的二倍。(2)“甲+be+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙例如,this room is not as/so b
54、ig as that one. 这个房间不如那个大。“甲+助动词+not+动词原形+as/so+副词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙例如,he doesnt walk as slowly as you.他走路不像你那样慢。二、比较级的用法1.可以修饰比较级的词,much,a lot,far,的多a little,a bit,一点儿even甚至,still仍然例如,lesson one is much easier than lesson two.第一课比第二课容易得多。tom looks even younger than before.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。this train runs much
55、faster than that one.这辆火车比那辆跑地快。she drives still more carefully than her husband.她开车仍然比她丈夫还认真。2.比较级常用的句型结构(1)“甲+be+(倍数)+形容词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙”或“甲比乙几倍”例如,tom is taller than kate.汤姆比凯特高。this room is three times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个大三倍。“甲+实意动词+(倍数)+副词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙”或“甲比乙几倍”例如,i got up earlier
56、 than my mother this morning.我今天早晨起床比我妈妈还早。he runs three times faster than his brother.他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍。(2)“甲+be+形容词比较级+than+any other+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都”,含义是“甲最”。例如,the yangtze river is longer than any other river in china.=the yangtze river is longer than any of the other rivers in china.长
57、江比中国的任何一条其他的河都长。=the yangtze river is longer than the other rivers in china.长江比中国的其他所有的河都长。=the yangtze river is the longest river in china.长江是中国最长的河流。注意:the yangtze riveris longer than any river in japan.长江比日本的任何一条河都长。“甲+实意动词+副词比较级+than+anyother+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都”,含义是“甲最”。例如,mike gets
58、to school earlier than any other student in his class.= mike gets to school earlier than any of the other students in his class.迈克比他们班上任何一个其他的同学到校都早。= mike gets to school earlier than the other students in his class.迈克比他们班上其他的同学到校都早。= mike gets to school earliest in his class.迈克在他们班到校最早。注意:mike gets
59、 to school earlier than any student in toms class.迈克比汤姆班上任何一个学生到校都早。(迈克和汤姆不是同一个班)(3)“甲+be+the+形容词比较级+of the two”表示“甲是两者中较的”。例如,look at the two boys. my brother is the taller of the two.看那两个男孩,我弟弟是两个当中较高的那个。(4)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”。例如,he is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了。the flowers are more and m
60、ore beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。he does his homework more and more carefully.他做作业越来越认真了。(5)“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越,越”。例如,the more careful you are,the fewer mistakes youll make.你越认真,犯的错误越少。(6)“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级,甲or乙?”例如,which is bigger,the earth or the moon?哪一个大,地球还是月球?“特殊疑问词+实意动词+副词比较级,甲or乙?”例如,who draws better,j
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