扎实高中英语知识基础：新概念英语第三册Lesson17文章词汇语法详细解析

1、Lesson17 The longest suspension bridge in the worldVerrazano, an Italian about whom little is known, sailed into New York Harbour in 1524 and named it Angouleme. He described it as a very agreeable situation located within two small hills in the midst of which flowed a great river. Though Verrazano

2、is by no means considered to be a great explorer, his name will probably remain immortal, for on November 21st, 1964, the longest suspension bridge in the world was named after him.The Verrazano Bridge, which was designed by Othmar Ammann, joins Brooklyn to Staten Island. It has a span of 4,260 feet

3、. The bridge is so long that the shape of the earth had to be taken into account by its designer. Two great towers support four huge cables. The towers are built on immense underwater platforms make of steel and concrete. The platforms extend to a depth of over 100 feet under the sea. These alone to

4、ok sixteen months to build. Above the surface of the water, the towers rise to a height of nearly 700 feet. They support the cables from which the bridge has been suspended. Each of the four cables contains 26,108 lengths of wire. It has been estimated that if the bridge were packed with cars, it wo

5、uld still only be carrying a third of its total capacity. However, size and strength are not the only important things about this bridge. Despite its immensity, it is both simple and elegant, fulfilling its designers dream to create an enormous object drawn as faintly as possible.句读解析1-1 1524 年，一位鲜为

6、人知的意大利人维拉萨诺驾船驶进纽约港，并将该 港名为安古拉姆。Verrazano, an Italian about whom little is known, sailed into New York Harbour in 1524 and named it Angouleme.句式句法句子的主干是 Verrazano sailed. “an Italian about whom little is known ”是主语 Verrazano 的同位语， whom 指代 Italian 。 注：同位语可以替代定语从句，补充名词信息。1-2 他对该港作了这样的描述： “地理位置十分适宜， 位于两

7、座小山的中间， 一条大河从中间流过 ”。He described it as a very agreeable situation (located within two small hills in the midst of which flowed a great river). 生词学习agreeable adj. 舒适的，宜人的；随和的Today is agreeable. agreeable situation 宜人的地方 His house is in an agreeable situation.locate v. 位于Beijing is located in the Nort

8、h of China. Japan is located to the east of China.地道表达in the midst of .- A great river flowed in the middle of the two hills.In the midst of = in the middle ofIn the middle of 不仅可以表示方位上的中间 , 还可以表示时间上的中间。 - in the middle of the river / in the middle of the night / in the middle of the winter固定搭配 把某物描

9、述成 describe somethingas（e.g. I should describe the attempt as a failure.我把这次尝试描述成失败。 ）（补充：后面可以加 as 的动词：see, view, look upon, recognize, regard, treat, accept- His mother regards him as genius.- I accepted his words astruth. 我对他的话信以为真。 ）句式句法Located 过去分词做定语修饰 situation- I like the village located with

10、in two small hills.= I like the village which is located within two small hills.a very agreeable situation located within two small hills in the midst of which flowed a great river 地理位置十分适宜，位于两座小山 的中间，一条大河从中间流过方位状语 （in the midst of which）放在句首，则用倒装结构。- We arrived at a farmhouse in front of which was

11、a mountain.- In the far distance came the roaring of a fire engine.1-3 虽然维拉萨诺绝对算不上一个伟大的探险家，但他的名字将流芳百世，因为 1964 年 11 月 21 日建成的一座世界上最长的吊桥是以他的名字命名。 Though Verrazano is by no means considered to be a greatexplorer, his name will probably remain immortal , for onNovember 21st, 1964, the longestsuspension

12、bridge in the worldwas named after him.地道表达by no means (= not by any means = not at all)绝对不能It is by no means pleasant to take a crowded bus.乘 坐 一 辆 拥 挤的公共汽车绝对不是一件让人高兴的事。He isnt satisfied with a job at all.=He isnt satisfied with a job by any means.补充：近义表达in no way, in no case, in no sense, in no ci

13、rcumstances， on noaccount, at no time 都表示“决不” 补充：其他 means 构成的短语by all means. =please do“没问题”by this means “凭借 手段”by means of. = with the help of“依靠；借助 ”immortal adj. 永生的补充：词汇学词根： mort- “死亡” mortal adj.会死的 mortician n. 从事殡葬行业的人固定搭配用 来命名 ; 为了纪念 而以 命名 name after (近义词： be named for , take ones namefrom

14、)( e.g. Bill was named after his grandfather. This island is named after its discoverer. )Suspension n. 悬，吊停学suspension bridge 吊桥 补充：同根词 suspend vt. 吊 , 悬挂；暂停 , 暂缓 The light is suspended from the ceiling. The train was suspended because of the heavy rain. Fred is suspended from school for a week for

15、 bad conduct.Suspense n. 担心、挂念、悬念（ in suspense ）The wonderful film gave me a good expression because of its suspense. （ 悬念 ）He didn t tell me the truth. It kept me in suspense all day. suspender n. 吊袜带 , （裤子或裙子的）背带 补充：词汇学 字根： pend; pence 悬挂 independence 独立 pending 悬而未决的 pendulum 钟摆句式句法Though / altho

16、ugh / even though引导让步状语从句用了 though, although 不能使用 but ，但可以用 yet 来强调转折关系- Though they manage to take photographs, yet they got into trouble soon.2-1 维拉萨诺大桥由奥斯马 . 阿曼设计，连结着布鲁克林与斯塔顿岛，桥长 4,260 英尺。The Verrazano Bridge, which was designed by Othmar Ammann,joins Brooklyn to Staten Island. Ithas a span of 42

17、60 feet.生词学习span （空间、时间上的）跨度Over a span of three years, a surprising amount has been achieved. 在三年的时间里，取得了惊人的成绩。Life span 人的寿命 固定搭配 跨度、桥长have a span of .2-2 由于桥身太长，设计者不得不考虑了地表的形状。The bridge is so long that the shape of the earth had tobe takeninto account by its designer.固定搭配考 虑 到 take. into account

18、( 近 义 词 ： take into considerationtake account of)We have to take the date into account when we have the meeti ng.2-3 两座巨塔支撑着 4 根粗大的钢缆。Two great towers support four huge cables.固定搭配举起 , 支撑 Support ( = hold up )2-4 塔身建在巨大的水下钢盘混凝土平台上。The towers are built on immense underwater platforms (made of steel a

19、nd concrete).句式句法修饰made of steel and concrete 是 过 去 分 词 短 语 做 后 置 定 语 ， platforms 。2-5 平台深入海底 100 英尺。The platformsextend to a depth of over 100 feet under the sea.生词学习Extend v. 延伸 , 伸展 reach, stretcha railway extends to the next city. 句式句法形容高度、长度、深度等度量的表达 高度： rise to a height of .- The tower rise to

20、 a height of nearly 700 feet.(= The tower are nearly 700 feet high.)长度： extends/stretchesto a length of Each of the four cables contains 26,108 lengths of wire. 深度： extend to a depth of.- The platforms extend to a depth of over 100 feet under the sea.(= The platforms are over 100 feet deep under the

21、 sea.) 宽度： extend to a width of跨度： has a span of.-It has a span of 4260 feet. 载重量 : have a capacity of.It would still only be carrying a third of its total capacity.2-6 仅这两座塔就花了 16 个月才建成。 These alone took sixteen months to build.地道表达alone 这里表示强调补充：近义辨析alone 表示强调，只能放在修饰词的后面 She alone can decide what

22、to do.Only 表示强调，放在修饰词的前面。Only she can decide what to do.句式句法These alone took sixteen months to build.= It took the workers sixteen months to build the platforms. “花 ”的句型sb. take + 时间 + to do sth. It takes + 时间 +for sb. to do sth. Sb. spend + 时间 +(in) doing sth. Sb. spend + 时间 + on sth.Sth. cost sb.

23、+ 时间2-7 塔身高出水面将近 700 英尺。height of26 ，108has beenAbove the surface of the water, the towers rise to a nearly 700 feet.2-8 高塔支撑着钢缆， 而钢缆又悬吊着大桥， 4 根钢缆中的每根由 股钢绳组成。They support the cables from which the bridge suspended. Each of the four cables contains 26,108 lengths of wire.1/32-9 据估计，若桥上摆满了汽车，也只不过是桥的总承

24、载力的It has been estimated that if the bridgewere packed with cars,it would still only becarrying a third ofits total capacity .生词学习Estimate v. 估计- Underestimate 低估 / Overestimate 高估- At a rough estimate, the car is worth 500 thousand RMB.粗略的估计以下 Estimation n. 判断( = judgement = judgment n.审判 , 判决)in m

25、y estimation = in my view = in my opinion在我看来capacity n. (1) 承受量(容量 , 生产量 , 接受力)Are you clear about the capacity of the cinema?The seating capacity of the theatre is 1500.The factory has a productive capacity of 200 cars a week.A capacity crowd坐的满满的观众Capacity n. (2) 做某事的能力have a capacity for doing s

26、omething / have a capacity to do abilityWe have a capacity to study English well. 补充：近义辨析Ability n. 能力 , 才干(已经做到了)- We have ability to finish the work in two days.= we manageto finish Capability n. 潜在的能力have capability to do / have capability of doing- Every child has capability to study a foreign language.Faculty n. 先天的智能或能力 Competence n. 胜任工作的能力、资格- I have competence for this job.固定搭配挤满 be packed with.(=be full of; be fille